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Downloading Or Purchasing Online At Agronomic and extraction parameters for Centipeda (Part 2) Optimising flowering and yield of bioactives from Centipeda cunninghamii By Tony Haigh August 2017 Agronomic and extraction parameters for Centipeda (Part 2) Optimising flowering and yield of bioactives from Centipeda cunninghamii by Tony Haigh August 2017 AgriFutures Australia Publication No 17/054 AgriFutures Australia Project No PRJ-009614 © 2018 AgriFutures Australia. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-977-4 ISSN 1440-6845 Agronomic and extraction parameters for Centipeda (Part 2) Optimising flowering and yield of bioactives from Centipeda cunninghamii Publication No. 17/054 Project No. PRJ-009614 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, AgriFutures Australia, the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, AgriFutures Australia, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. This publication is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. However, wide dissemination is encouraged. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to AgriFutures Australia Communications Team on 02 6923 6900. Researcher Contact Details Name: Dr Tony Haigh Address: School of Science and Health Western Sydney University Locked bag 1797 Penrith NSW 2751 Phone: 02 4570 1254 Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the researcher has agreed to AgriFutures Australia publishing this material in its edited form. AgriFutures Australia Contact Details Building 007, Tooma Way Charles Sturt University Locked Bag 588 Wagga Wagga NSW 2650 02 6923 6900 [email protected] www.agrifutures.com.au Electronically published by AgriFutures Australia in August 2018 Print-on-demand by Union Offset Printing, Canberra at www.agrifutures.com.au or phone 1300 634 313 AgriFutures Australia is the trading name for Rural Industries Research & Development Corporation (RIRDC), a statutory authority of the Federal Government established by the Primary Industries Research and Development Act 1989. ii Foreword Australia’s botany is a potential source of new industries. Centipeda cunninghamii is an endemic Australian plant that has been used in traditional medicines. Its use has been documented for more than 150 years. A patent, EP0988044 B1, has been granted for the use of a water / ethanol extract from C. cunninghamii for the treatment of a range of human and animal medical conditions including acne, allergic reactions, bacterial infections, bed sores, cuts, dermatitis, eczema, inflammations, psoriasis, rashes, skin irritations, and skin sun damage. For more than a decade, a fledgling industry based on the production of Centipeda cunninghamii has utilised growers in Victoria. There has been national and international interest in extracts of C. cunninghamii for use as an alternative to extracts of Centipeda minima from India and China. This publication reports investigations on agronomic practices aimed to optimise the production of C. cunninghamii and evaluate a selection of other Centipeda species as possible alternatives. This research aims to benefit potential farmers with experience in producing medicinal plants as well as those involved in the utilisation of extracts of medicinal plants. The key findings of Part 2 of this project are: that the yield of C. cunninghamii declines with latitude. That is, that higher yields are achieved in Victoria rather than in New South Wales; that selection N has larger fruit heads and consequently contains higher levels of terpenoids than do other selections; that production of Centipeda should occur at inland locations rather than coastal locations; that germplasm from a wide range of locations does not outperform the existing selections; and that leafhoppers are an important pest that may require active control in future cropping systems. Part 2 of this project was funded from AgriFutures Australia Core Funds which are provided by the Australian Government. This report is an addition to AgriFutures Australia’s diverse range of research publications and it forms part of our Emerging Industries arena, which aims to identify and support the development of new rural industries that can meet changing demand and make an economic contribution to Australia. Most of AgriFutures Australia’s publications are available for viewing, free downloading or purchasing online at www.agrifutures.com.au. John Harvey Managing Director AgriFutures Australia iii About the Author Dr Tony Haigh is a senior lecturer in biology at Western Sydney University. He has wide experience in plant biology including seed germination, crop production, plant water use, plant-insect interactions and stingless bee biology. Acknowledgments In addition to the author, the research team at Western Sydney University consisted of: Geraldine Tilden, Associate Professor Robert Spooner-Hart, Adjunct Professor David Leach, and Dr Karren Beattie. Assistance with HPLC work was provided by Christine Murray, Declan Power, and Dr Mitchell Low of the National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University. Alexander Robertson, an undergraduate student of Western Sydney University, provided voluntary assistance with field work at Richmond. We thank Bio Actives Exports (BAX) Pty Ltd, in particular Sonya Dymalovski for funding support for this project. Without this support, the project would not have been possible. We particularly thank the participating growers: Laurie and Diane Henss of Eldeetal Pty Ltd of Patho near Torrumbarry VIC and Garry Mazzorana of Australian Rainforest Products of The Channon NSW. We thank Robert Pepra and staff of Greening Australia Richmond Nursery for developing the seedling production protocol and producing most of the seedlings used in the trials. We would also like to thank those who contributed seed for use in the germplasm evaluations: Australian Botanic Garden, Mount Annan; Australian National Botanic Gardens, Canberra; George Brown Darwin Botanic Gardens; Greening Australia, Melbourne; Greening Australia, Richmond; John Hosking, Tamworth; Alice Springs Desert Park; Queensland Herbarium, Toowong; Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne; Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens, Hobart. Dr Neville Walsh, Senior Conservation Botanist at the Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, is thanked for his determinations of the identities of all plants used in this project. iv Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................................... iii About the Author .................................................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................. iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. viii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................... x Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................... 2 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Plant Sources ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Selection A ................................................................................................................................. 3 Selection N ................................................................................................................................. 3 Selection P .................................................................................................................................. 3 Year 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Propagation ................................................................................................................................. 3 Field trials ..................................................................................................................................
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  • Centipeda Cunninghamii
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