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Home , Caribbean, Central America, North America

MIGRATION TRENDS IN AND THE

JUNE 2019

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION REGIONAL OFFICE, SAN JOSÉ,

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• APPREHENSIONS

At the Southern of the ……………………………………………….……………………………………………………………….…. 1

• RETURNS

Returnees from and the United States ….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2

• EXTRA-REGIONAL MIGRANTS

Migrants from in and ………...………………………………….………………………………………………………………………... 3

• MIGRATION IN THE

DACA, TPS, , and Venezuelans ..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 4

Lawful Permanent Residents and Temporary Workers and their Families in the United States …………..….………………………………………………... 5

• INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT

New Displacements in 2018 Associated with Disasters and Conflicts in Central America, North America and the Caribbean …….………………………... 6

Migration Trends in Central America, North America and the Caribbean, June 2019 APPREHENSIONS At the Southern Border of the United States by Fiscal Years

General trends TendenciasApprehensions generales de since aprehensiones 2007 Total Apprehensions by Family Composition

Family Units Unaccompanied Allien Children Single Adults

Apprehensions by Main Sectors In the first seven months of fiscal year 2019, the number of apprehensions at the border with Mexico exceeded by 16% the total of fiscal year 2018.

Since fiscal year 2018 the percentage of aprehended family units has doubled to 54%. The percentage of apprehended individuals has dropped to almost half.

In fiscal year 2018, Rio Grande (McAllen) was the sector with the highest number of apprehensions at the Sout- hern border of the United States, with 41% of the total.

Source: U.S. Customs and Border Protection 1

Migration Trends in Central America, North America and the Caribbean, June 2019 RETURNS Returnees from Mexico and the United States to the Countries of Central America

Returnees to the Northern Countries of Central America Returnees to the Northern Countries of Central America from Mexico from Mexico and the United States and the United States by Sex

195.790 17% 141.344 17%

71.505 20% 83% 83% 80%

2019 2019 (Jan-Apr) (Jan-Apr) United States Mexico Total Men Women

Returnees* by Age Group Between 2016 and 2018, Mexico registered the highest number of returnees to the Northern Countries of 216.613 Central America. Between January and 2019, the 196.061 trend switched with more migrants returning from the 16% 13% United States. 141.828 11%

71.670 16% Trends show that on average 82% of returnees to the 89% 87% Northern Countries of Central America are men. 84% 84%

2019 (Jan-Apr)

Adults Minors

Source: Human Mobility Information Management Initiative in the Northern Triangle, IOM *The vast majority of the total corresponds to returnees to the northern countries of Central America. 2

Migration Trends in Central America, North America and the Caribbean, June 2019 EXTRA-REGIONAL MIGRANTS Migrants from Countries in Asia and Africa

Irregular Transit through - Border Migrants Apprehended by Mexican Authorities

2019 2019 (Jan-Apr) (Jan-Apr) Asia Africa Total Asia Africa Total

Source: National Migration Service of Panama.

Apprehensions by Nationality, 2018-2019 (Jan-Apr) Between 2014 and 2019, both the irregular transit records from the Colombia-Panama border (Darien sector) and the number of detentions of extra-regional migrants with irregular status in Mexico show approximately 52 nationali- ties. Among the most recurrent nationalities are Bangla- desh, India, Nepal, Cameroon and Republic of the Congo.

Source: Mexican Secretariat of Interior 3

Migration Trends in Central America, North America and the Caribbean, June 2019 MIGRATION IN THE REGION DACA, TPS, Haitians, Nicaraguans and Venezuelans

Beneficiaries of DACA and TPS in the United States by of origin, 2018 Haitians in It represents approximately 87% of 497.825 the total migrants in the country. Dominican Republic Nicaraguans in Costa Rica Nicaraguans with authorization of stay in Costa Rica in 2018 (whether permanent, Deferred Action for 349.827 temporary or special Costa Rica Childhood Arrivals (DACA) category). Temporary Protected Status (TPS)

Source: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Sources: Second National Survey of Immigrants, Dominican Republic Costa Rican General Directorate for Migration and Foreigners Refugees and Migrants from Approximately 91% out of 679.740 beneficiaries of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) come from countries in the region, mostly Mexico, followed by and Guate- mala.

Approximately 93% out of 417.341 beneficiaries of the Tem- porary Protected Status (TPS) come from countries in the region, mostly El Salvador, followed by and Haiti.

Estimates indicate that there are 4 million Venezuelan refugees and migrants in the , approximately 307,000 of whom are living in eight countries in the region.

Sources: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (DACA) Source: Regional Inter-Agency Coordination Platform for Refugees and Migrants from Venezuela Congressional Service (TPS) 4

Migration Trends in Central America, North America and the Caribbean, June 2019 MIGRATION IN THE REGION Lawful Permanent Residents and Temporary Workers and their Families in the United States

Lawful Permanent Residents Lawful Permanent Residents by Country of Origin 1.1183.501

1.127.167

1.051.031 1.016.518

After Mexico (13-15%), and the Dominican Republic are the two countries in the region with the highest number of 3.896.674 3.969.276 3.722.543 lawful permanent residents in 2014-2017. 3.398.961 0.3% 0.4% 0.3% 0.4% 20.7% 21.6% 22.8% 20.6% In fiscal years 2014-2017, the region accounted for 51%-52% of 30.2% 29,3% 26.8% admissions of temporary workers and their families. 30.3%

48.8% 48.7% 50% 48.7% From fiscal years 2014 to 2017, approximately 4% of permanent residence permits were granted to nationals from the Northern Countries of Central America (NCCA).

Source: Department of Homeland Security 5

Migration Trends in Central America, North America and the Caribbean, June 2019 INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT New Displacements in 2018 Associated with Disasters and Conflicts in Central America, North America and the Caribbean

The Global Report on Internal Displacement by the Internal Displacement Monitoring (IDMC) presents an overview of new displacement associated with natural disasters and conflicts in recent years.

Disasters caused 1,695,194 new displacements during 2018 across 18 countries of the region, while conflicts and violence caused 257,950 displacements concentrated in three countries: El Salvador, Mexico and Honduras.

The countries of the region most affected by displacement associated with disasters in 2018 were the United States (1,247,000 new displacements), Cuba (52,000), and the Dominican Republic (27,000 each). Displacement registered in the United States resulted from the impact of hurricanes Florence (August) and Michael (), as well as in .

It is important to point out that published data does not detail the situation of vulnerability of internally displaced people, which can greatly vary from case to case. Displacement in countries like Cuba responds to temporary evacuation policies that allow people to preserve their integrity and assets without producing new vulnerabilities.

Historically, displacement in the region has been marked by the incidence of destructive events such as Hurricane Ike in 2008, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Hurricane Sandy in 2012, Hurricane Matthew in 2016 and Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017.

Source: Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre Displacement data (http://www.internal-displacement.org/database/displacement-data) 6

Migration Trends in Central America, North America and the Caribbean, June 2019 IOM REGIONAL OFFICE FOR CENTRAL AMERICA, NORTH AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN

Sabana Business Center, Boulevard Ernesto Rohrmoser, San José, Costa Rica. Telephone: (506) 2212-5300