Świat Idei I Polityki

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Świat Idei I Polityki ROCZNIK INSTYTUTU NAUK POLITYCZNYCH UNIWERSYTETU KAZIMIERZA WIELKIEGO W BYDGOSZCZY Świat Idei i Polityki TOM 14 RADA NAUKOWA / SCIENTIFIC BOARD: Peter Čajka (Słowacja), Andrzej Chodubski (Polska), Harald Borgebund (Norwegia), Raquel Ojeda García (Hiszpania), Ewa Maj (Polska), Magdalena Musiał-Karg (Polska), Olga Nesterchuk (Rosja), Michał Tomczyk (Szwajcaria), Lerna Yanik (Turcja) REDAKCJA / EDITORIAL BOARD: REDAKTOR NACZELNY / EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Jan Waskan SEKRETARZ REDAKCJI / ASSISTANT TO THE EDITOR Alina Kaszkur ZASTĘPCA SEKRETARZA REDAKCJI / DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE EDITOR Artur Laska CZŁONEK / MEMBER Michał Kosman REDAKTORZY JĘZYKOWI / LINGUISTIC EDITORS Maria Ewa Szatlach, Nartsiss Shukuralieva REDAKTOR STATYSTYCZNY / STATISTICS EDITOR Mirosław Geise REDAKTORZY TEMATYCZNI / THEMATIC EDITORS: Teoria polityki – Adam Gwiazda; Metodologia – Filip Pierzchalski; Myśl polityczna – Andrzej Wojtas; Systemy polityczne – Izabela Kapsa; Socjologia polityki i komunikowanie społeczne – Janusz Golinowski; Polityka społeczno- -gospodarcza – Maria Ewa Szatlach; Najnowsza historia polityczna – Tadeusz Wolsza; Międzynarodowe stosunki polityczne – Michał Zacharias; Polityka narodowościowa – Kamila Sierzputowska; Integracja europejska – Łukasz Jureńczyk; Bezpieczeństwo – Sławomir Sadowski; Ruchy polityczne – Paweł Malendowicz; Filozofi a zrównoważonego rozwoju – Andrzej Papuziński; Administracja publiczna – Tomasz Kuczur; Nauki prawne – Marcin Jastrzębski Wersja papierowa czasopisma jest wersją pierwotną Redaktor prowadzący tomu Szymon Gumienik Redaktor techniczny Iwona Banasiak Projekt okładki Redakcja, Krzysztof Galus Korekta Zespół Współpraca wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy i Wydawnictwa Adam Marszałek © Copyright by Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek Toruń 2015 ISSN 1643–8442 Wydawnictwo prowadzi sprzedaż wysyłkową: tel./fax 56 648 50 70, [email protected] Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, ul. Lubicka 44, 87-100 Toruń tel./fax 56 648 50 70; tel. 56 660 81 60, 56 664 22 35 e-mail: [email protected] www.marszalek.com.pl Drukarnia nr 1, ul. Lubicka 46, 87-100 Toruń, tel. 56 659 98 96 Spis treści STUDIA I ANALIZY Maria Stasiak: O banalności dobra wspólnego – studium hermeneutyczne ........................................ 9 Wojciech Szabaciuk: Reprezentanci Szkoły Austriackiej wobec znaczenia i roli jednostki oraz społecznej kooperacji w rozwoju cywilizacji ..................................................... 25 Mateusz Pazdej: Współczesna recepcja walki klas, czyli w jakim stopniu marksizm wpłynął na koncepcje XX-wieczne i czy pozostał aktualny do dzisiaj? ............................................ 37 Kamila Kalinowska: Współczesny dyskurs skrajnie nacjonalistyczny na przykładzie francuskiego Frontu Narodowego oraz holenderskiej Partii Wolności ................................................. 60 * * * Svitlana G. Denisiyk, Tetyana I. Neprytska: Instrumental infl uence of political myths on the formation of the political and cultural space .......................................................... 81 Stanisław Lamczyk: Jaka wolność? Nierozwiązany dylemat demokracji ..................................................... 94 Vitaliy S. Lytvyn [Литвин Виталий Сергеевич]: Эффективность и качество демократии в сравнительной политологии: дефинитивные и концептуальные параметры анализа ...... 110 Joanna Wieczorek-Orlikowska: Moralność jako kluczowa operacja systemowa w teorii Niklasa Luhmanna .......................... 133 Izabela Kapsa: The weaknesses of majority voting systems . A voice in the discussion on the proposed changes in the Polish voting system ......................................................... 148 4 Spis treści/Contents * * * Beata Nuzzo: Państwa członkowskie Unii Europejskiej: nowy paradygmat suwerenności? Zarys problemu ................ 169 Łukasz Jureńczyk: Iluzoryczne partnerstwo NATO-Rosja w okresie kryzysu i budowy mocarstwowości Federacji Rosyjskiej ........... 187 Maria Ewa Szatlach: The importance of economic diplomacy in the era of globalization (the case of China) ..................... 208 Olga A. Smirnova [Ольга А. Смирнова]: Миграционные процессы в тропической африке .............................. 225 Robert Reczkowski: Doświadczenia z udziału Sił Zbrojnych RP w misjach i operacjach NATO ................................... 238 Katarzyna Grabowska: Próba wyjaśnienia pojęcia i istoty wojen hybrydowych ................................................... 259 Perga Tatiana Yurievna [Перга Татьяна Юрьевна]: Экологическая неоконвергенция: от теории к практике ...... 283 * * * Jacek Piotrowski: Przemiany niepodległościowe na Ukrainie w świetle polskiej publicystyki w latach 1988–1994 ............... 306 Mekebaeva Maigul [Мекебаева Майгуль], Mussatayev Seylbek [Мусатаев Сейлбек]: Major issues of youth policy implementation in Kazakhstan ................................................. 332 Emil Nowakowski: Analiza i ocena osiągnięć gospodarczych Polski w latach 1989–2015 ............................................ 347 Adam Gwiazda: Problemy demografi czne Polski .................. 372 Katarzyna Zawadzka: Kwestie gender w polityce edukacyjnej. Analiza programów polskich partii politycznych .................. 391 Spis treści/Contents 5 Paulina Wenderlich: Kultura masowa – aktywni konsumenci, bierni obywatele? Implikacje w sferze publicznej ........................ 413 Anna Święcicka: Solidarność międzypokoleniowa: anachronizm czy szansa na nowoczesny wymiar zrównoważonej współodpowiedzialności społecznej? ............................. 431 Kamila Sierzputowska: Bydgoszcz–Toruń. Historyczne podłoże konfl iktu ............................................... 448 * * * RECENZJE/SPRAWOZDANIA Michał Kosman (rec.): Paweł Malendowicz, Ruch anarchistyczny w Europie wobec przemian globalizacyjnych przełomu XX i XXI wieku ................................................. 465 Paweł Malendowicz: Sprawozdanie z II Konferencji Naukowej: Z dziejów anarchizmu. W dwustulecie urodzin Michaiła Bakunina (Szczecin, 29–31 maja 2014 r.) ................................... 468 * * * Noty o autorach ................................................ 471 STUDIA I ANALIZY Świat Idei i Polityki Marta Stasiak O banalności dobra wspólnego – studium hermeneutyczne Streszczenie: Artykuł – zbudowany z trzech sekwencji tematycznych – stanowi próbę wypracowania nowego wymiaru idei dobra wspólnego, możliwego do urzeczywistnienia w wymiarze praktycznym, szczególnie w perspektywie uszczuplających się zasobów naturalnych. Po pierwsze, autorka defi niuje pojęcia takie jak: dobro, wspólnota, dobro wspólne, wskazując tendencje do dwubiegunowego myślenia o powyższych ide- ach: relatywistycznego i absolutystycznego. Drugim etapem rozważań jest analiza idei z perspektywy hermeneutyki. Autorka uzasadnia tytułową banalność dobra wspólnego, tkwiącą nie w samej idei, ale w sposobie myślenia o niej. Trzecia sekwencja tematyczna stanowi próbę wyjaśnienia nowego podejścia do zagadnienia dobra wspólnego, którego najważniejszym elementem jest jego podział na dobra formalne oraz materialne (defi niowane odtąd na gruncie polityki nie zaś etyki). Słowa kluczowe: dobro wspólne, hermeneutyka, absolutyzm, relaty- wizm, subiektywizm. Rzemieślnik i wizjoner – oto dwie perspektywy defi niowania pojęcia innowacyjności. Pierwszy – sprawny manualnie, doskonały technik kreujący nowe rozwiązania w odniesieniu do konkretnych warunków i problemów (rozwiązań jakościowo odmiennych od dotychczasowo stosowanych), twórca nowoczesnych metod ich wdrażania. Drugi jest kreatorem rzeczywistości, artystą, inspiratorem, autorem nowych idei lub reinterpretującym tradycyjne. Umiejętności i kompetencje zarówno wizjonera, jak i rzemieślnika doskonale się uzupełniają. 10 Marta Stasiak: O banalności dobra wspólnego – studium hermeneutyczne Dzięki temu pojęcie innowacyjności nie zostaje zawężone do scjen- tystycznego i technokratycznego wymiaru. Nie staje się również symbolem tego, co utopijne. Autorka artykułu nie pretenduje do miana wizjonerki, ale przyjmuje tę perspektywę za kluczową. Pró- bując odkryć na nowo idę dobra wspólnego, stara się zachęcić do zastosowania idei w wymiarze praktycznym. Wydaje się, że w rozważaniach na temat dobra wspólnego myśli- ciele nie są w stanie wysunąć już żadnej ożywczej myśli. Po pierwsze dlatego, że kwestia ta została przedyskutowana na wskroś. Po dru- gie, dyskutanci obu stron nie są w stanie wypracować wspólnego stanowiska. Jedni biorą za wzór platońskie i arystotelesowskie wariacje na temat dobra i wspólnoty, drudzy nie potrafi ą pozbyć się myślenia o zniewoleniu jednostki czymś, co zwie się „wspólne” (choć sami często podkreślają, że postać Johna Locka zadaje kłam wszystkim insynuacjom). Po trzecie, osoba nawet naukowo nieza- angażowana w kwestie dobra wspólnego musi odnieść wrażenie, że obie strony konfl iktu, choć mówią o tym samym, mieszają porządki. Dla tych, którzy hołdują wspólnocie, troska o dobro wspólne jest zwyczajnie etyką rozumianą na sposób starożytny – praktyką życia. Dla tych, którzy opowiadają się za indywidualizmem, praktyka życia nie jest już etyką. Przynajmniej nie w rozumieniu platońskim i arystotelesowskim. Choć nadal posługują się słowem etyka, to jest ona utożsamiana z biznesem. Gdy zatem dla pierwszych dbałość o dobro wspólne jest polityką – etyką, praktyką; dla drugich dobrze wyważonym ekonomicznym rachunkiem zysków i strat (nie oznacza to oczywiście, że i tu nie potrzeba norm i zasad moralnych, różnica polega na tym, że dobro wspólne wymknęło się z rozważań o tym, czym jest polityka). Po czwarte, badacze nieustannie ścierają
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