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Lehrplan MAR 1998 Gymnasien des Kantons St.Gallen Lehrplan 2008/10 Allgemeiner Teil Seite 1 Lehrplan für das Gymnasium im Kanton St.Gallen Vom Erziehungsrat erlassen am 21. Juni 20061 Von der Regierung genehmigt am 4. Juli 20062 In Vollzug ab 1. August 20063 Allgemeiner Teil Funktionen des Lehrplans ................................................................................................................ 2 Bildungsziele und rechtliche Grundlagen ........................................................................................ 3 Rahmenlehrplan für die Maturitätsschulen ...................................................................................... 4 Struktur und Begriffe ....................................................................................................................... 6 Unterrichtsformen ............................................................................................................................ 7 Fachübergreifender Unterricht ......................................................................................................... 9 Stundentafel ................................................................................................................................... 10 Fachlehrpläne Grundlagenfächer / obligatorische Fächer GF 1 Deutsch .......................................................................................................................................... 12 GF 2 Zweite Landessprache .................................................................................................................... 18 • Französisch • Italienisch GF 3 Dritte Sprache ................................................................................................................................ 29 • Englisch • Griechisch GF 4 Mathematik .................................................................................................................................... 44 GF 5 Biologie .......................................................................................................................................... 52 GF 6 Chemie ........................................................................................................................................... 58 GF 7 Physik ............................................................................................................................................. 64 GF 8 Geschichte ...................................................................................................................................... 70 GF 9 Geografie ........................................................................................................................................ 75 Einführung in Wirtschaft und Recht .............................................................................................. 81 GF 10 Bildnerisches Gestalten und Musik ............................................................................................... 86 • Bildnerisches Gestalten • Musik Schwerpunktfächer Latein ............................................................................................................................................. 97 Italienisch ..................................................................................................................................... 105 Spanisch ....................................................................................................................................... 111 1 Lehrplan Mathematik erlassen am 20. Juni 2007. Lehrplan Religion erlassen am 25. Juni 2008. Lehrplan Ergänzungsfach Informatik erlassen am 15. April 2009. 2 Lehrplan Mathematik genehmigt am 3. Juli 2007. Lehrplan Religion genehmigt am 1. Juli 2008. Lehrplan Ergänzungsfach Informatik genehmigt am 28. April 2009. 3 Lehrplan Mathematik in Vollzug ab 1. August 2007. Lehrplan Religion in Vollzug ab 1. August 2008. Lehrplan Ergänzungsfach Informatik in Vollzug ab 1. August 2009. Gymnasien des Kantons St.Gallen Lehrplan 2008/10 Allgemeiner Teil Seite 2 3 Physik und Anwendungen der Mathematik ................................................................................. 117 Biologie und Chemie.................................................................................................................... 122 Wirtschaft und Recht.................................................................................................................... 128 Bildnerisches Gestalten ................................................................................................................ 142 Musik ........................................................................................................................................... 149 Übrige Pflichtfächer Sport ............................................................................................................................................ 153 Religion (Wahlpflichtfach) .......................................................................................................... 160 Philosophie (Wahlpflichtfach) ..................................................................................................... 167 Ergänzungsfächer ..................................................................................................................................... 173 Funktionen des Lehrplans Die strukturelle Reform des Gymnasiums im Kanton St.Gallen erfolgte in zwei Schritten: 1994 Verkürzung auf vier Jahre, 1998 Einführung der Ausbildung gemäss MAR vom 15. Januar 1995. Der vorliegende Lehrplan soll dazu dienen, diese organisatorischen Änderungen mit Leben zu erfüllen. Er nimmt deshalb auch bildungspolitische didaktisch-pädagogische Entwicklungen im gesamten Sekundarbereich II auf, ebenso versucht er, die Vorgaben des neuen Lehrplans für die st.gallische Volksschule weiterzuführen. Der Lehrplan soll drei Hauptaufgaben erfüllen: Er ist Planungs-, Arbeits- und Reflexionsinstrument. Im Lehrplan wird aufgezeigt, welche Ziele Schülerinnen und Schüler erreichen sollen. Die Lehrerinnen und Lehrer finden im Lehrplan Grundlagen und Anregungen für die Organisation, Planung, Gestaltung und Reflexi- on ihres fachspezifischen und fachübergreifenden Unterrichts. Schulleitungen und Aufsichtsbehörden finden Angaben für die Planung von Pensen und teilweise Vorgaben für die Bereitstellung der erforderlichen Infrastruk- tur. Er dient der Legitimation und Kontrolle. Der Lehrplan bietet Lehrerinnen und Lehrern gegenüber Eltern und Behörden die Grundlagen für die Begrün- dung der Unterrichtseinheiten und -massnahmen. Für die Aufsichtskommissionen enthält er wesentliche Aspekte für eine umfassende Beurteilung des Unterrichts. Für die Beratung und Begleitung von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern stellt er eine Orientierungshilfe dar. Er stellt eine Grundlage für die Fortbildung dar. Für Berufsanfängerinnen und -anfänger bildet der Lehrplan eines der wichtigsten Arbeitsinstrumente. Er soll aber auch erfahrenere Lehrerinnen und Lehrer in ihrer ständigen fachlichen, pädagogischen und didaktischen Arbeit unterstützen und die kantonale Fortbildung im Rahmen der FORMI anregen. Dieser Lehrplan ist kantonal; er gilt also für alle staatlichen Gymnasien. Das Konzept ist so gewählt, dass nur zentrale Zielsetzungen und Rahmenbedingungen einheitlich gestaltet sind. Daneben bleibt ausreichend Raum für eine lokale und individuelle Umsetzung. Diese kann wesentlich zum unverwechselbaren und attraktiven Profil einer Schule beitragen. In diesem Sinn soll der Lehrplan für Lehrerinnen, Lehrer und Schulleitungen eine stän- dige Herausforderung sein. Gymnasien des Kantons St.Gallen Lehrplan 2008/10 Allgemeiner Teil Seite 3 Bildungsziele und rechtliche Grundlagen Bildungsziel gemäss MAR (Artikel 5) Ziel der Maturitätsschulen ist es, Schülerinnen und Schülern im Hinblick auf ein lebenslanges Lernen grund- legende Kenntnisse zu vermitteln sowie ihre geistige Offenheit und die Fähigkeit zum selbständigen Urteilen zu fördern. Die Schulen streben eine breit gefächerte, ausgewogene und kohärente Bildung an, nicht aber eine fach- spezifische oder berufliche Ausbildung. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler gelangen zu jener persönlichen Reife, die Voraussetzung für ein Hochschulstudium ist und sie auf anspruchsvolle Aufgaben in der Gesellschaft vorberei- tet. Die Schulen fördern gleichzeitig die Intelligenz, die Willenskraft, die Sensibilität in ethischen und musischen Belangen sowie die physischen Fähigkeiten ihrer Schülerinnen und Schüler. Maturandinnen und Maturanden sind fähig, sich Zugang zu neuem Wissen zu erschliessen, ihre Neugier, ihre Vorstellungskraft und ihre Kommunikationsfähigkeit zu entfalten sowie allein und in Gruppen zu arbeiten. Sie sind nicht nur gewohnt, logisch zu denken und zu abstrahieren, sondern haben auch Übung im intuitiven, analo- gen und vernetzten Denken. Sie haben somit Einsicht in die Methodik wissenschaftlicher Arbeit. Maturandinnen und Maturanden beherrschen eine Landessprache und erwerben sich grundlegende Kenntnisse in den anderen nationalen und fremden Sprachen. Sie sind fähig, sich klar, treffend und einfühlsam zu äussern, und lernen, Reichtum und Besonderheit der mit einer Sprache verbundenen Kultur zu erkennen. Maturandinnen und Maturanden finden sich in ihrer natürlichen, technischen, gesellschaftlichen und kulturellen Umwelt zurecht, und dies in Bezug auf die Gegenwart und die Vergangenheit, auf schweizerischer und interna- tionaler Ebene. Sie sind bereit, Verantwortung gegenüber sich selbst, den Mitmenschen, der Gesellschaft und der Natur wahrzunehmen. Bildungsziel
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