Convergence in the Library's News Room
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Convergence in the Library’s News Room: Enhancing News Collections and Services in Academic Libraries 1 Debora Cheney, Jeffrey Knapp, Robert Alan, and Pamela Czapla The use and importance of newspaper collections in academic libraries have been in decline as acquisition costs have increased significantly as the difficulty obtaining daily issues in a timely manner has grown, and as newspaper readership has declined nationally. In contrast, today’s student and researcher are using television and Internet news sources heavily. This article explores the role of the academic library’s news collections in complementing the university’s Newspaper Readership Program and supporting faculty efforts to develop their students’ critical thinking and media literacy skills.The authors suggest that digital news forms, includ- ing television, should be considered and included as part of the library’s collections. In this light, lessons can be learned from convergence taking place in the news industry. Libraries must also “converge” news sources to provide library users with news sources, which reflect today’s news environment and also reflect the “information cycle.” The newly created News Room at Pattee Library incorporates a three-television news viewing area; a broader selection of newspaper titles (particularly international titles); and a news magazine collection, as well as providing access to a wide variety of news aggregator database, and the library’s significant historical microfilm collection.A temporary television installation and focus groups were used to help inform the development of the News Room and to determine interest and resistance to sound and televisions in the library.The Libraries’ Serials Department provided analysis of newspaper delivery options (and reliability) and related subscription costs, as well as suggestions for reducing the number of missing/nonreceipt issues. In addition, greater focus was placed on niche reference service sup- porting news sources and news-related research. Use of the News and Microforms Library has increased. Debora Cheney is Larry and Ellen Foster Communications Librarian and Head, The News and Micro- forms Library in the Pennsylvania State University Libraries; e-mail: [email protected]. Jeffrey Knapp is a Reference and Instruction Librarian at Penn State Altoona; e-mail: [email protected]. Robert Alan is Head, Serials and Acquisitions Services at the University Libraries at the Pennsylvania State University; e-mail: [email protected]. and Pamela Czapla is Reference Librarian, Penn State Dickinson School of Law, University Park Campus; e-mail: [email protected]. 395 396 College & Research Libraries September 2006 “Newspapers have a double life. gateway to the library’s larger collections On the one hand they date more and services. This may ultimately be the quickly than milk and stale more single most important role libraries can quickly than bread. On the other play in teaching students about the role of hand … they provide a fascinating newspapers and libraries in society. dipstick into history.” The Guardian Many educators6 believe newspapers (Manchester, U.K.) 1 should be embedded into the curriculum and undergraduate education. Clearly, a or many years, academic library’s collection extends this principle libraries have paid consider- by providing a study collection to help able aention to newspaper students hone their critical thinking and preservation.2 However, less media literacy skills7 and potentially to aention has been placed on the current increase their civic engagement.8 News- newspaper collection: prior to its preser- paper collections can complement cam- vation—its content, its accessibility, and pus newspaper readership programs, and its role in supporting the curriculum. can expand the diversity of the library’s There are many good reasons academic collections, by providing access to a libraries have focused on preservation. wide range of domestic and international Until recently, the role of the current newspapers. Yet, if a library’s collection is newspaper collection was self-evident, to serve these roles once again, librarians as researchers and readers depended on must begin to recognize increasingly in- libraries to provide a newspaper collec- fluential digital news forms and integrate tion, typically not available elsewhere. these into their news “collections.” However, the decline in newspaper This article describes how the Penn- readership, the plethora of news sources sylvania State’s University Libraries’ now distributing news via the Internet,3 newspaper collection was redefined to and the increased availability of news-fo- recognize today’s news environment cused search engines, blogs, and 24-hour and to increase use and awareness of television news channels have all seemed the libraries’ news collection. By taking to make the library’s daily newspaper less a lesson from the convergence occurring relevant. This has led many libraries to al- in the media industry and using a tem- low their collections to lie fallow, as they porary television installation, enlisting have increasingly relied upon the Internet focus groups, and working closely with and newspaper database aggregators. the Serials Department, The News and Despite the growing presence of news Microforms Library was able to determine on the Internet, radio, and television, a interest and resistance to creating the library’s current newspaper collection News Room at Paee Library, which incor- can continue to play a vital role in the porates a three-television news viewing academic community. Experts agree area and newspaper and news magazine that students must begin to develop the collections. In addition, greater focus was “habit” of reading a newspaper, and, as placed on developing a niche reference Tom Curley [CEO, Ganne, Inc.] argues, service focusing on news-related research. it also doesn’t hurt to make newspapers The result has been increased use of the “easily accessible and cheap. In fact make News and Microforms Library and its [newspapers] free or nearly so…,” if one news collections. seeks to improve newspaper readership The idea of “packaging” news sources among college-age students.4 The library to provide access to international and can provide a place5 where newspapers domestic news programming alongside are easily accessible and free to every other “traditional” news outlets is a user. In addition, the library’s current unique approach libraries can develop newspaper reading area can serve as a and modify. By combining resources to Enhancing News Collections and Services in Academic Libraries 397 reflect the “information cycle,” libraries many eating areas provide background can more fully become collaborators and television programming. partners in undergraduate education; can For many years, the university librar- establish the importance of the library as ies newspaper collections had a regular place to observe, read, and research the and heavy user-base, who often met news; and, ultimately, create new types the library staff at the door each morn- of information commons. ing. The newspaper collection was used This article describes the Penn State for everything from job or apartment University’s news environment and the searches to keeping up with events in concept of converging news sources in far-flung corners of the world. However, the News Room at Paee Library; provides the decline could be partly aributed to an overview of efforts to determine a three-year building project and reloca- interest and resistance to televisions in tion of the newspaper collection, which the library; and summarizes focus group overlapped with significant change in findings that shaped the content and the news landscape, declining newspaper services provided in the News Room and circulation, and a decline in the number the changes that have resulted following of daily newspapers in the U.S.11 Once the its implementation. dust had seled, use of the newspaper collection had declined sharply. Background: the University and the Of course, the trends affecting use of Library’s News Environment university libraries’ newspaper collec- tions were part of larger trends affecting The objective is to create a reading newspaper readership, which is down and listening area within the Univer- overall as television news, newspaper sity Libraries which provides access Web sites, and, increasingly, blogs are used to domestic and international news more frequently for news.12 Today, search sources in a wide range of formats, engines designed to scoop up and present for current browsing and use; for the news have changed the way we read media and cultural studies research; the news. The result—news content that and for general news research. –A was once only available in the university Vision for the News “Collection” of library—now is seemingly everywhere. the News and Microforms Library: Just as the use of the newspaper col- Proposal to the University Libraries lection has declined, so has the breadth Administration, The Pennsylvania and scope of the newspaper collection, as State University Libraries, 2002. reliance on newspaper database aggrega- tors increased, backed up by the libraries’ The climate and support for increasing newspapers on microfilm collection.13 newspaper readership is strong at Penn Two factors influenced the number of State, which has a thriving and growing titles in the collection. First was the diffi- Newspaper Readership Program that was culty obtaining a selection of newspapers begun by President Graham