On-Line Electronic Document Collaboration and Annotation

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

On-Line Electronic Document Collaboration and Annotation Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2006-11-11 On-Line Electronic Document Collaboration and Annotation Trev R. Harmon Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the OS and Networks Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Harmon, Trev R., "On-Line Electronic Document Collaboration and Annotation" (2006). Theses and Dissertations. 816. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/816 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ON-LINE ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT COLLABORATION AND ANNOTATION by Trev R. Harmon A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science School of Technology Brigham Young University December 2006 © 2006 Trev Harmon. Some Rights Reserved. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 License and Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 except where noted See Licensing Section for more detail BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COMMITTEE APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by Trev R. Harmon This thesis has been read by each member of the following graduate committee and by a majority vote has been found to be satisfactory. ___________________________ __________________________________________ Date C. Richard Helps, Chair ___________________________ __________________________________________ Date Joseph J. Ekstrom ___________________________ __________________________________________ Date Michael G. Bailey BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY As chair of the candidate’s graduate committee, I have read the thesis of Trev R. Harmon in its final form and have found that (1) its format, citations, and bibliographical style are consistent and acceptable and fulfill university and department style requirements; (2) its illustrative materials including figures, tables, and charts are in place; and (3) the final manuscript is satisfactory to the graduate committee and is ready for submission to the university library. ___________________________ __________________________________________ Date C. Richard Helps Chair, Graduate Committee Accepted for the School __________________________________________ Val D. Hawks Director Accepted for the College __________________________________________ Alan R. Parkinson Dean, Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology ABSTRACT ON-LINE ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT COLLABORATION AND ANNOTATION Trev R. Harmon School of Technology Master of Science The Internet provides a powerful medium for communication and collaboration. The ability one has to connect and interact with web-based tools from anywhere in the world makes the Internet ideal for such tasks. However, the lack of native tools can be a hindrance when deploying collaborative initiatives, as many current projects require specialized software in order to operate. This thesis demonstrates, with the comparably recent advances in browser technology and Document Object Model (DOM) implementation, a web-based collaborative annotation system can be developed that can be accessed by a user through a standards-compliant web browser. Such a system, demonstrated to work on the commonly-used web browsers constituting the vast majority of web traffic, was implemented using open-source tools and industry-recognized standards. Additionally, it accepts static copies of most standard document formats for both handwritten and typed annotations, while maintaining an archived copy of the original. The system developed for this thesis lends itself to use in a number of different process domains, as most collaborative annotation approaches can be described by a single process model. While a number of possible usage scenarios are discussed, this thesis approaches system usage only in an academic setting, focusing on applicability of the system to electronic grading and document exchange. From here, additional system usage can be easily extrapolated. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my family and friends for their support and belief in my abilities. Also, without my committee, this thesis would not have been possible. I would like to thank my committee chair, Richard Helps, for the many hours of help and consultation, Dr. Joseph Ekstrom for the nucleus idea upon which this thesis is built, and Dr. Michael Bailey for his continual support and encouragement. In addition, Ruth Ann Lowe spent a great deal of time advising and answering a near-endless stream of questions, for which I am very appreciative. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables................................................................................................................... xxv List of Figures................................................................................................................xxvii Glossary.......................................................................................................................... xxix 1. Introduction......................................................................................................................1 1.1. Statement of Problem...............................................................................................2 1.1.1. Usage Scenarios................................................................................................3 1.1.1.1. Document Collaboration...........................................................................4 1.1.1.2. On-line Grading........................................................................................4 1.1.1.3. Discussion Boards.................................................................................... 5 1.1.1.4. In-class Discussion................................................................................... 5 1.1.1.5. Review and Accreditation Boards............................................................ 5 1.1.1.6. In-field Presentations................................................................................6 1.1.2. The Big Picture.................................................................................................6 1.1.3. System Attributes............................................................................................. 7 1.2. Research Questions.................................................................................................. 8 1.3. Constraints and Limitations..................................................................................... 9 2. Literature Review...........................................................................................................11 xv 2.1. Users.......................................................................................................................11 2.1.1. Human............................................................................................................ 12 2.1.2. Computer........................................................................................................ 13 2.2. Process Domains.................................................................................................... 14 2.2.1. Academia........................................................................................................14 2.2.1.1. Electronic Grading..................................................................................14 2.2.1.2. Annotation in the Learning Process........................................................15 2.2.1.2.1. In-class Usage................................................................................. 16 2.2.1.2.2. Out-of-class Usage..........................................................................17 2.2.1.3. Course Management Systems (CMS).....................................................18 2.2.2. Collaboration.................................................................................................. 19 2.2.3. Semantic Web.................................................................................................21 2.2.4. Social Networks..............................................................................................23 2.2.5. Ubiquitous Annotation................................................................................... 23 2.3. Implementations.....................................................................................................24 2.3.1. XLibris............................................................................................................24 2.3.2. ScreenCrayons................................................................................................25 2.3.3. MADCOW..................................................................................................... 26 2.3.4. Annotea...........................................................................................................26 2.3.5. Digital Graffiti................................................................................................27 2.3.6. Tablet PC........................................................................................................28 2.4. Other Observations.................................................................................................28 xvi 2.4.1. Book and Paper Metaphors............................................................................ 28 2.4.2. Free-form
Recommended publications
  • Toward the Discovery and Extraction of Money Laundering Evidence from Arbitrary Data Formats Using Combinatory Reductions
    Toward the Discovery and Extraction of Money Laundering Evidence from Arbitrary Data Formats using Combinatory Reductions Alonza Mumford, Duminda Wijesekera George Mason University [email protected], [email protected] Abstract—The evidence of money laundering schemes exist undetected in the electronic files of banks and insurance firms scattered around the world. Intelligence and law enforcement analysts, impelled by the duty to discover connections to drug cartels and other participants in these criminal activities, require the information to be searchable and extractable from all types of data formats. In this overview paper, we articulate an approach — a capability that uses a data description language called Data Format Description Language (DFDL) extended with higher- order functions as a host language to XML Linking (XLink) and XML Pointer (XPointer) languages in order to link, discover and extract financial data fragments from raw-data stores not co- located with each other —see figure 1. The strength of the ap- Fig. 1. An illustration of an anti-money laundering application that connects proach is grounded in the specification of a declarative compiler to multiple data storage sites. In this case, the native data format at each site for our concrete language using a higher-order rewriting system differs, and a data description language extended with higher-order functions with binders called Combinatory Reduction Systems Extended and linking/pointing abstractions are used to extract data fragments based on (CRSX). By leveraging CRSX, we anticipate formal operational their ontological meaning. semantics of our language and significant optimization of the compiler. Index Terms—Semantic Web, Data models, Functional pro- II.
    [Show full text]
  • O'reilly Xpath and Xpointer.Pdf
    XPath and XPointer John E. Simpson Publisher: O'Reilly First Edition August 2002 ISBN: 0-596-00291-2, 224 pages Referring to specific information inside an XML document is a little like finding a needle in a haystack. XPath and XPointer are two closely related Table of Contents languages that play a key role in XML processing by allowing developers Index to find these needles and manipulate embedded information. By the time Full Description you've finished XPath and XPointer, you'll know how to construct a full Reviews XPointer (one that uses an XPath location path to address document Reader reviews content) and completely understand both the XPath and XPointer features it Errata uses. 1 Table of Content Table of Content ............................................................................................................. 2 Preface............................................................................................................................. 4 Who Should Read This Book?.................................................................................... 4 Who Should Not Read This Book?............................................................................. 4 Organization of the Book............................................................................................ 5 Conventions Used in This Book ................................................................................. 5 Comments and Questions ........................................................................................... 6 Acknowledgments......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Annotea: an Open RDF Infrastructure for Shared Web Annotations
    Proceedings of the WWW 10th International Conference, Hong Kong, May 2001. Annotea: An Open RDF Infrastructure for Shared Web Annotations Jos´eKahan,1 Marja-Riitta Koivunen,2 Eric Prud’Hommeaux2 and Ralph R. Swick2 1 W3C INRIA Rhone-Alpes 2 W3C MIT Laboratory for Computer Science {kahan, marja, eric, swick}@w3.org Abstract. Annotea is a Web-based shared annotation system based on a general-purpose open RDF infrastructure, where annotations are modeled as a class of metadata.Annotations are viewed as statements made by an author about a Web doc- ument. Annotations are external to the documents and can be stored in one or more annotation servers.One of the goals of this project has been to re-use as much existing W3C technol- ogy as possible. We have reacheditmostlybycombining RDF with XPointer, XLink, and HTTP. We have also implemented an instance of our system using the Amaya editor/browser and ageneric RDF database, accessible through an Apache HTTP server. In this implementation, the merging of annotations with documents takes place within the client. The paper presents the overall design of Annotea and describes some of the issues we have faced and how we have solved them. 1Introduction One of the basic milestones in the road to a Semantic Web [22] is the as- sociation of metadata to content. Metadata allows the Web to describe properties about some given content, even if the medium of this content does not directly provide the necessary means to do so. For example, ametadata schema for digital photos [15] allows the Web to describe, among other properties, the camera model used to take a photo, shut- ter speed, date, and location.
    [Show full text]
  • Advanced XHTML Plug-In for Iserver
    Advanced XHTML Plug-in for iServer Semester work Stefan Malaer <[email protected]> Prof. Dr. Moira C. Norrie Dr. Beat Signer Global Information Systems Group Institute of Information Systems Department of Computer Science 12th October 2005 Copyright © 2005 Global Information Systems Group. Abstract The iServer architecture is an extensible cross-media information platform enabling links between arbitrary typed objects. It provides some fundamental link concepts and is based on a plug-in mechanism to support various media types. The goal of this semester work was to develop a XHTML plug-in for iServer which enables links from XHTML documents to other XHTML documents as well as parts of them. The resulting iServext is a Firefox extension for iServer which provides visualization and authoring functionality for XHTML links. Furthermore, we investigated research in the area of link augmentation and provide an overview of recent technologies. iii iv Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Augmented Linking 3 2.1 Need for augmented linking ........................... 3 2.1.1 Current link model ............................ 3 2.1.2 Approaches for link augmentation ................... 5 2.2 Related work .................................... 6 2.2.1 Chimera .................................. 6 2.2.2 Hyper-G/Hyperwave ........................... 6 2.2.3 Distributed Link Service ......................... 6 2.2.4 DHM/WWW and Extend Work ..................... 6 2.2.5 HyperScout ................................. 7 2.2.6 Link Visualization with DHTML ..................... 7 2.2.7 Amaya project ............................... 8 2.3 Link integration and authoring ......................... 9 2.4 Link visualization .................................. 11 2.4.1 Today’s link visualization ......................... 11 2.4.2 Possible presentations of link information .............. 11 2.4.3 Examples of link visualization .....................
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamic and Interactive R Graphics for the Web: the Gridsvg Package
    JSS Journal of Statistical Software MMMMMM YYYY, Volume VV, Issue II. http://www.jstatsoft.org/ Dynamic and Interactive R Graphics for the Web: The gridSVG Package Paul Murrell Simon Potter The Unversity of Auckland The Unversity of Auckland Abstract This article describes the gridSVG package, which provides functions to convert grid- based R graphics to an SVG format. The package also provides a function to associate hyperlinks with components of a plot, a function to animate components of a plot, a function to associate any SVG attribute with a component of a plot, and a function to add JavaScript code to a plot. The last two of these provides a basis for adding interactivity to the SVG version of the plot. Together these tools provide a way to generate dynamic and interactive R graphics for use in web pages. Keywords: world-wide web, graphics, R, SVG. 1. Introduction Interactive and dynamic plots within web pages are becomingly increasingly popular, as part of a general trend towards making data sets more open and accessible on the web, for example, GapMinder (Rosling 2008) and ManyEyes (Viegas, Wattenberg, van Ham, Kriss, and McKeon 2007). The R language and environment for statistical computing and graphics (R Development Core Team 2011) has many facilities for producing plots, and it can produce graphics formats that are suitable for including in web pages, but the core graphics facilities in R are largely focused on static plots. This article describes an R extension package, gridSVG, that is designed to embellish and transform a standard, static R plot and turn it into a dynamic and interactive plot that can be embedded in a web page.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of Erik Wilde
    dretbiblio dretbiblio Erik Wilde's Bibliography References [1] AFIPS Fall Joint Computer Conference, San Francisco, California, December 1968. [2] Seventeenth IEEE Conference on Computer Communication Networks, Washington, D.C., 1978. [3] ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD Symposium on Principles of Database Systems, Los Angeles, Cal- ifornia, March 1982. ACM Press. [4] First Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 1986. [5] 1987 ACM Conference on Hypertext, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, November 1987. ACM Press. [6] 18th IEEE International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing, Tokyo, Japan, 1988. IEEE Computer Society Press. [7] Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, Portland, Oregon, 1988. ACM Press. [8] Conference on Office Information Systems, Palo Alto, California, March 1988. [9] 1989 ACM Conference on Hypertext, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, November 1989. ACM Press. [10] UNIX | The Legend Evolves. Summer 1990 UKUUG Conference, Buntingford, UK, 1990. UKUUG. [11] Fourth ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, Hilton Head, South Carolina, November 1991. [12] GLOBECOM'91 Conference, Phoenix, Arizona, 1991. IEEE Computer Society Press. [13] IEEE INFOCOM '91 Conference on Computer Communications, Bal Harbour, Florida, 1991. IEEE Computer Society Press. [14] IEEE International Conference on Communications, Denver, Colorado, June 1991. [15] International Workshop on CSCW, Berlin, Germany, April 1991. [16] Third ACM Conference on Hypertext, San Antonio, Texas, December 1991. ACM Press. [17] 11th Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems, Houston, Texas, 1992. IEEE Computer Society Press. [18] 3rd Joint European Networking Conference, Innsbruck, Austria, May 1992. [19] Fourth ACM Conference on Hypertext, Milano, Italy, November 1992. ACM Press. [20] GLOBECOM'92 Conference, Orlando, Florida, December 1992. IEEE Computer Society Press. http://github.com/dret/biblio (August 29, 2018) 1 dretbiblio [21] IEEE INFOCOM '92 Conference on Computer Communications, Florence, Italy, 1992.
    [Show full text]
  • Peiwen Zhu. Web Annotation Systems: a Literature Review and Case Study
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Carolina Digital Repository Peiwen Zhu. Web Annotation Systems: A Literature Review and Case Study. A Master’s Paper for the M.S. in I.S. degree. April, 2008. 35 pages. Advisor: Bradley M.Hemminger. Web annotation has been a popular research topic since the appearance of Internet and its supplementary technologies. This paper provides a literature review in the related research areas, and introduces some currently available web annotation systems with the comparison of these systems in seven aspects. In addition, this paper incorporates a description of the ongoing NeoNote project, and identifies limitations of this study for future work. Headings: Scholarly Communication Web annotations Information Systems/Design WEB ANNOTATION SYSTEMS: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY by Peiwen Zhu A Master's paper submitted to the faculty of the School of Information and Library Science of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Information Science. Chapel Hill, North Carolina April, 2008 Approved by: ___________________________ Bradley M.Hemminger 1 Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..2 Literature Review………………………………………………………………………….4 Current Systems………………………………………………………………………….15 Case Study……………………………………………………………………………….26 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….30 References………………………………………………………………………………..32 2 Introduction Web browsing plays an important role nowadays in people’s daily life, study, and work. Since documents exist mostly in digital format on the web, people may spend a large part of their time on browsing or searching on the web to look for useful information. However, this used to be a one-way interaction with users having few options to mark texts or to highlight important sections in a web document; what’s more, it is difficult to add extra information as reference on web pages, which is useful for further reference or sharing with friends.
    [Show full text]
  • Interactive Topographic Web Mapping Using Scalable Vector Graphics
    University of Nebraska at Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Student Work 12-1-2003 Interactive topographic web mapping using scalable vector graphics Peter Pavlicko University of Nebraska at Omaha Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork Recommended Citation Pavlicko, Peter, "Interactive topographic web mapping using scalable vector graphics" (2003). Student Work. 589. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork/589 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Work by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTERACTIVE TOPOGRAPHIC WEB MAPPING USING SCALABLE VECTOR GRAPHICS A Thesis Presented to the Department of Geography-Geology and the Faculty of the Graduate College University of Nebraska in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts University of Nebraska at Omaha by Peter Pavlicko December, 2003 UMI Number: EP73227 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation WWisMng UMI EP73227 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 THESIS ACCEPTANCE Acceptance for the faculty of the Graduate College, University of Nebraska, in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts University of Nebraska Omaha Committee ----------- Uf.A [JL___ Chairperson.
    [Show full text]
  • Extended Link Visualization with DHTML: the Web As an Open Hypermedia System
    Extended Link Visualization with DHTML: The Web as an Open Hypermedia System Glenn Oberholzer and Erik Wilde Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Z¨urich TIK Report 125 January 2002 Abstract The World Wide Web is by far the most successful hypermedia system, its name often being used synonymously for the Internet. However, it is based on a rather restricted hy- permedia model with limited linking functionality. Even though underlying systems may provide a richer data model, there is still the question of how to present this informa- tion in a Web-based interface in an easily understandable way. Assuming an underlying system similar to Topic Maps, which allows storing, managing, and categorizing meta data and links, we propose a presentation of extended links. We try to provide a usable way for users to handle the additional functionality. The mechanism is based on already available technologies like DHTML. It is one facet of our approach to make the Web more interconnected and to work towards a more richly and openly linked Web. Keywords: Electronic publishing (020), Graphic design (029), Hypermedia (036), Internet (045), World Wide Web (084), XLink, Linkbases, DHTML 1 Introduction Compared to many other hypermedia systems [24,11,16], the linking capabilities of the World Wide Web are rather limited. It only makes use of a few concepts of hypermedia. In recent years, however, new recommendations issued by the W3C like XML [3], XLink [10], and XPointer [9], or ISO/IEC’s Topic Maps [19] have tried to overcome this shortcoming. Due to the popularity of the Web, efforts have to be made to integrate and improve the current system with more sophisticated hypermedia concepts.
    [Show full text]
  • Semantic Annotation Framework for Web Extracted Data
    International Journal of Computer Engineering & Technology (IJCET) Volume 7, Issue 5, Sep–Oct 2016, pp. 65–76, Article ID: IJCET_07_05_008 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijcet/issues.asp?JType=IJCET&VType=7&IType=6 Journal Impact Factor (2016): 9.3590(Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com ISSN Print: 0976-6367 and ISSN Online: 0976–6375 © IAEME Publication FIOBODA - SEMANTIC ANNOTATION FRAMEWORK FOR WEB EXTRACTED DATA C. Gnana Chithra Equity Research Consultant, Angeeras Securities, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India Dr. E. Ramaraj Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, India ABSTRACT Semantic annotation of web pages is the state of art technology for achieving the unified objective of attaining Semantic web Universe, which enables sharing, and reusing the document content beyond the boundaries and applications. Web is a treasury of knowledge and efficient tools should be designed to explore the structured and unstructured data. Annotating million of web pages manually is an impossible task. For high information retrieval rates, automatic annotation of documents is mandatory. Metadata is added to the web pages to make it intelligent for processing in content based intelligent applications. This paper analyses the problems with the current Semantic annotation systems and proposes a new Ontology based Automatic annotation system Framework. Ontology based semantic annotation is one of the best methods for extracting data from the Knowledge Base. The integration of Modified Manning’s Sentence boundary detection algorithm and Noun Phrase Collocation algorithm and classification using machine learning techiques in the Information Extraction module, and developing a new data model and ontology for Structured Ontology engineering model is contributed in this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • SMIL 2.0 — Interactive Multimedia on the Web Lloyd Rutledge
    SMIL 2.0 — Interactive Multimedia on the Web Lloyd Rutledge Multimedia and Human-Computer Interaction Group CWI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands W3C SYMM working group Lynda Hardman, Jacco van Ossenbruggen: CWI Dick Bulterman, Jack Jansen, Sjoerd Mullender: Oratrix W3C SYMM working group http://www.cwi.nl/~media/SMIL/Tutorial/{SMIL-4hr.html} Includes material from the upcoming book "SMIL 2.0 — Interactive Multimedia on the Web" Copyright © 2002, Lloyd Rutledge Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) Main Points Pronounced smile Multimedia for the Web — for multimedia what HTML is for hypertext Integration format for presentable mono-medium formats Structure SMIL 1.0 — W3C Recommendation on 15th June 1998 SMIL 2.0 "meta-language" W3C Recommendation on 7th August 2001 SMIL 2.0 family formats SMIL Profile and SMIL Basic released with SMIL 2.0 SMIL 2.0 family format XHTML+SMIL comes after SMIL 2.0 Main Themes Powerful timing and synchronization Adaptive to users and systems Models a flexible but consistent presentation and user interface SMIL Isn't Flash — Flash is mono-medium animation on steriods MPEG-{4 / 7 / 21} — MPEG looks at content and coding, and player architecture and a whole lot more, but is more media centric than web centric D-HTML — D-HTML uses scripted definitions of local behaviors, without a notion of the presentation's context SMIL 2.0 Profiles What is a Profile? A language for which a browser can be built A combination of modules from the SMIL 2.0 "meta-language" Possibly non-SMIL constructs with SMIL constructs
    [Show full text]
  • XML Projects in Japan and Fujitsu's Approach to Xlink/Xpointer
    UDC 621.395.74:651.55:681.32 XML Projects in Japan and Fujitsu’s Approach to XLink/XPointer VToshimitsu Suzuki VMasatomo Goto (Manuscript received June 2, 2000) The Extensible Markup Language (XML)1) is a markup language developed in response to a recommendation by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).2) It is a meta lan- guage used to make an information structure. XML’s original specification is the Stan- dard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).3) Now, XML is used not only as a format language but also as a framework in various areas beyond the SGML field. This paper describes the XML technology trends, the current state of XML technology, and some case studies in Japan and at Fujitsu. This paper also describes HyBrick,4) which is an XML/SGML browser that was demonstrated at SGML’97, and the XLink5)/XPointer6) technology. 1. Introduction verified through these experiments. The specification of XML has been in use by Up to now, XML has been related to infor- the W3C since 1996. XML version 1.0 was released mation technology (IT), and because of the IT as a W3C recommendation in February 1998. revolution it is becoming a secure part of the foun- XML is a meta language for marking up informa- dation of new IT systems. Last year, a lineup of tion. XML’s original specification is the Standard XML parsers and other XML basic software ap- Generalized Markup Language (SGML), which is peared, establishing a development environment used to mark up documents for archiving and re- for application software.
    [Show full text]