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The Use of Plant Growth Regulators for Branching of Nursery Trees in NY State Mario Miranda Sazo1 and Terence L
The Use of Plant Growth Regulators for Branching of Nursery Trees in NY State Mario Miranda Sazo1 and Terence L. Robinson2 1Cornell Cooperative Extension, Lake Ontario Fruit Program, Newark, NY 2Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Geneva, NY he quality of nursery trees has a large impact on early pro- the use of Maxcel has been adopted by Italian nurserymen and is a duction and profitability of high density systems. Today, key step for the successful production of well feathered “knip-boom” nurserymen are not only asked to produce trees of good cali- apple trees. Depending on cultivar, Italian nurserymen apply from 1 T per but also highly to 4 Maxcel treatments with spray intervals of 5-7 days depending A new plant growth regulator, cyclanilide branched trees for on temperatures after application (Dr. Walter Guerra, Italy, personal “ the Tall Spindle communication). Since 2009, a new branching agent, cyclanilide (Tradename=Tiberon) very effectively system with short, (Tiberon formulated by Bayer Environmental Science, N.C. USA), induced lateral branching in nursery well positioned lat- has been available in the US for use in outdoor nurseries of apple, trees of 4 apple cultivars in the warm eral branches with sweet cherry, pear, and plum in Florida, Idaho, Oregon, Michigan, and humid year of 2010 in NY State. wide crotch angles. and Washington States. It is not currently registered for tree fruit This has required nursery use in New York State, Europe, or elsewhere. However, it also stopped shoot growth nurseries to im- Studies of the effects of Tiberon for branch induction of nursery for several weeks and reduced final prove their man- apple trees (and other fruit species) were conducted by Dr. -
Apples Catalogue 2019
ADAMS PEARMAIN Herefordshire, England 1862 Oct 15 Nov Mar 14 Adams Pearmain is a an old-fashioned late dessert apple, one of the most popular varieties in Victorian England. It has an attractive 'pearmain' shape. This is a fairly dry apple - which is perhaps not regarded as a desirable attribute today. In spite of this it is actually a very enjoyable apple, with a rich aromatic flavour which in apple terms is usually described as Although it had 'shelf appeal' for the Victorian housewife, its autumnal colouring is probably too subdued to compete with the bright young things of the modern supermarket shelves. Perhaps this is part of its appeal; it recalls a bygone era where subtlety of flavour was appreciated - a lovely apple to savour in front of an open fire on a cold winter's day. Tree hardy. Does will in all soils, even clay. AERLIE RED FLESH (Hidden Rose, Mountain Rose) California 1930’s 19 20 20 Cook Oct 20 15 An amazing red fleshed apple, discovered in Aerlie, Oregon, which may be the best of all red fleshed varieties and indeed would be an outstandingly delicious apple no matter what color the flesh is. A choice seedling, Aerlie Red Flesh has a beautiful yellow skin with pale whitish dots, but it is inside that it excels. Deep rose red flesh, juicy, crisp, hard, sugary and richly flavored, ripening late (October) and keeping throughout the winter. The late Conrad Gemmer, an astute observer of apples with 500 varieties in his collection, rated Hidden Rose an outstanding variety of top quality. -
APPLE (Fruit Varieties)
E TG/14/9 ORIGINAL: English DATE: 2005-04-06 INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NEW VARIETIES OF PLANTS GENEVA * APPLE (Fruit Varieties) UPOV Code: MALUS_DOM (Malus domestica Borkh.) GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY Alternative Names:* Botanical name English French German Spanish Malus domestica Apple Pommier Apfel Manzano Borkh. The purpose of these guidelines (“Test Guidelines”) is to elaborate the principles contained in the General Introduction (document TG/1/3), and its associated TGP documents, into detailed practical guidance for the harmonized examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) and, in particular, to identify appropriate characteristics for the examination of DUS and production of harmonized variety descriptions. ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS These Test Guidelines should be read in conjunction with the General Introduction and its associated TGP documents. Other associated UPOV documents: TG/163/3 Apple Rootstocks TG/192/1 Ornamental Apple * These names were correct at the time of the introduction of these Test Guidelines but may be revised or updated. [Readers are advised to consult the UPOV Code, which can be found on the UPOV Website (www.upov.int), for the latest information.] i:\orgupov\shared\tg\applefru\tg 14 9 e.doc TG/14/9 Apple, 2005-04-06 - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. SUBJECT OF THESE TEST GUIDELINES..................................................................................................3 2. MATERIAL REQUIRED ...............................................................................................................................3 -
2019 Newsletter
Front page: Allen’s greeting, something new 2019 NEWSLETTER A Message From Our President & Owner, EVENT CALENDAR Cooler mornings and valley fog below the orchard remind us all that it’s about apple time! Nature has blessed us with August 19th a beautiful crop of apples with exceptionally good fruit size. Opening Day Compared to recent years, some varieties may be picked a little later this year so be sure to give us a call or check our website to September 27th - 29th make sure your favorite apple is available. I enjoy every apple Gays Mills Apple Festival variety we grow, but Evercrisp has me as excited as Honeycrisp. October 5th - 6th Harvested in late October and stored in a refrigerator, Evercrisp Sunrise Samples Weekend is a fantastic eating experience in the winter months. Our family has been growing apples since 1934 and we have never tasted October 12th - 13th another winter apple like Evercrisp! Family Fun Weekend I hope you all enjoyed our newly expanded sales area and October 19th - 20th bathrooms added in 2018. This year we have made additional Harvest Celebration exciting improvements with a new gift area, live apple packing & Helicopter Rides TV, and a working model train for young and old to enjoy. Our famous cider donuts will be back- made fresh every day. Please (weather permitting ) enjoy our free apple and cider samples along with many of the October 21st - December 16th other products we sell. Gift Box Shipping Begins Don’t forget our online store. We feature many of the October 26th - 27th items available here and have made it far easier to order gift pack Trick or Treat Weekend apples this year from home. -
Diseases of Tree Fruit Apple: Diagnosis and Management
1 Diseases of Tree Fruit Apple: Diagnosis and Management Sara M. Villani June 22, 2017 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, NCSU [email protected] 2 Apple Disease Challenges in the S.E. • Several apple diseases to contend with Apple Disease Challenges in the S.E. 3 • Paucity of disease resistant cultivars – Breeding efforts focus on consumer preference – Usually single-disease resistance ‘Enterprise’ ‘Prima’ ‘Goldrush’ http://www.eatlikenoone.com/prima-apples.htm http://www.eatlikenoone.com/enterpris-apples.htm http://kuffelcreek.wordpress.com/ ‘William’s Pride’ ‘Liberty’ ‘Pristine’ http://www.eatlikenoone.com/pristine-apples.htm http://www.plant.photos.net/index.php?title=File:Apple_williams_pride.jpg http://www.plant.photos.net/index.php?title=File:Apple_libertye.jpg Apple Disease Challenges in the S.E. 4 • Warm, humid climate – Favorable for pathogen infection and disease development – Inadequate chilling hours: longer period of susceptibility to blossom infection Susceptible Host Biology and Conducive availability of Environment pathogen Apple Disease Challenges in the S.E. 5 • Maintaining practices of fungicide resistance management and maximum annual applications – Commercial apple growers in Hendersonville NC: Up to 24 fungicide applications in 2017! Multi-site Single-site Biologicals Protectants Fungicides Mancozeb Group 3: S.I.’s Bacillus spp. Captan Group 11: “Strobys” A. pullulans Copper Group 7: SDHIs Sulfur Group 1: “T-Methyl” ziram U12: Dodine Phosphorous Acid Confusing Fungicide Jargon 6 Fungicides are classified in a number of ways: 1. Chemical Group – e.g. triazoles, benzimidazoles 2. Biochemical Mode of Action (my preference, common in academia) – e.g. Demethylation inhibitor (DMI); Quinone-outside inhibitor (QoI) 3. Physical Mode of Action – e.g. -
Variety Description Origin Approximate Ripening Uses
Approximate Variety Description Origin Ripening Uses Yellow Transparent Tart, crisp Imported from Russia by USDA in 1870s Early July All-purpose Lodi Tart, somewhat firm New York, Early 1900s. Montgomery x Transparent. Early July Baking, sauce Pristine Sweet-tart PRI (Purdue Rutgers Illinois) release, 1994. Mid-late July All-purpose Dandee Red Sweet-tart, semi-tender New Ohio variety. An improved PaulaRed type. Early August Eating, cooking Redfree Mildly tart and crunchy PRI release, 1981. Early-mid August Eating Sansa Sweet, crunchy, juicy Japan, 1988. Akane x Gala. Mid August Eating Ginger Gold G. Delicious type, tangier G Delicious seedling found in Virginia, late 1960s. Mid August All-purpose Zestar! Sweet-tart, crunchy, juicy U Minn, 1999. State Fair x MN 1691. Mid August Eating, cooking St Edmund's Pippin Juicy, crisp, rich flavor From Bury St Edmunds, 1870. Mid August Eating, cider Chenango Strawberry Mildly tart, berry flavors 1850s, Chenango County, NY Mid August Eating, cooking Summer Rambo Juicy, tart, aromatic 16th century, Rambure, France. Mid-late August Eating, sauce Honeycrisp Sweet, very crunchy, juicy U Minn, 1991. Unknown parentage. Late Aug.-early Sept. Eating Burgundy Tart, crisp 1974, from NY state Late Aug.-early Sept. All-purpose Blondee Sweet, crunchy, juicy New Ohio apple. Related to Gala. Late Aug.-early Sept. Eating Gala Sweet, crisp New Zealand, 1934. Golden Delicious x Cox Orange. Late Aug.-early Sept. Eating Swiss Gourmet Sweet-tart, juicy Switzerland. Golden x Idared. Late Aug.-early Sept. All-purpose Golden Supreme Sweet, Golden Delcious type Idaho, 1960. Golden Delicious seedling Early September Eating, cooking Pink Pearl Sweet-tart, bright pink flesh California, 1944, developed from Surprise Early September All-purpose Autumn Crisp Juicy, slow to brown Golden Delicious x Monroe. -
Ästhetische Bildung Im Museum Sinclair-Haus
MUSEUM SINCLAIR-HAUS | BLATTWERKE 03 | »FRÜCHTE« SEITE 01 Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie sitzen ausschließlich in ihrem Küchenraum, er wäre Ihre ganze Welt. Sie verfolgen selbst die unscheinbarsten Anregungen. Etwas Mehl an Ihren Händen wird zu Schneeverwehungen, siedendes Wasser zu Gischt in einem Bergbach, und das dazugehörende Geräusch aus der Pfanne lässt Sie an eine wilde Kanufahrt denken. Allein die Umbenennung einer Küche in ein Atelier bewirkt, was Umbenennungen mit sich bringen können: Die Wahrnehmung verändert sich. Peter Jenny Weshalb gibt es Früchte? Warum steckt eine Pflanze So vielfältig die Formen und Farben von Früchten sind, soviel Energie in das Hervor- ebenso vielfältig ist die Darstellung von Früchten in der bringen von Früchten? Kunst: In Malerei, Fotografie, Zeichnung oder Skulptur. Seit hunderten von Jahren zeigen Künstlerinnen und Künstler Früchte als Zeichen für Leben und Vitalität, aber auch für Vergänglichkeit und Verfall. Die folgende Zusammenstellung vereint unterschiedliche künst- lerische und experimentelle Ideen rund um die Frucht und richtet sich an Kinder, Lehrer/innen und Erzieher/innen. MUSEUM SINCLAIR-HAUS | BLATTWERKE 03 | »FRÜCHTE« SEITE 02 Was ist eine Frucht? Nicht alles was wir in der Obst- und Gemüseabteilung eines Supermarktes finden darf man „Frucht“ nennen. Eine Frucht ist das Organ einer Pflanze, das die Samen bis zur Reife umschließt und dann zu ihrer Ausbreitung dient. Früchte gehen aus Blüten hervor. Eine Frucht ist also eine verblühte Blüte im Zustand der Samenreife. Dieses sind keine Früchte, da sie nicht aus einer Blüte hervorgehen und auch keinen Samen enthalten: - Kartoffel, sie ist eine Sprossknolle und wächst unter der Erde. - Zwiebel, sie ist ein unterirdisches Speicherorgan aus der die Zwiebelpflanze hervorgeht. -
Cedar-Apple Rust
DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE RESEARCH & EXTENSION Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Arkansas System FSA7538 Cedar-Apple Rust Stephen Vann Introduction Assistant Professor One of the most spectacular Extension Urban Plant Pathologist diseases to appear in spring is cedar- apple rust. This disease is caused by the fungus Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae and requires both cedar and apple trees to survive each year. It is mainly a problem in the eastern portion of North America and is most important on apple or crab Figure 2. Cedar-apple rust on crabapple apple (Malus sp), but can also affect foliage. quince and hawthorn. yellow-orange color (Figures 1 and 2). Symptoms On the upper leaf surface of these spots, the fungus produces specialized The chief damage by this disease fruiting bodies called spermagonia. On occurs on apple trees, causing early the lower leaf surface (and sometimes leaf drop and poor quality fruit. This on fruit), raised hair-like fruiting bod can be a significant problem to com ies called aecia (Figure 3) appear as mercial apple growers but also harms microscopic cup-shaped structures. the appearance of ornamental crab Wet, rainy weather conditions favor apples in the home landscape. On severe infection of the apple. The apple, symptoms first appear as fungus forms large galls on cedar trees small green-yellow leaf or fruit spots in the spring (see next section), but that gradually enlarge to become a these structures do not greatly harm Arkansas Is Our Campus Visit our web site at: Figure 1. Cedar-apple rust (leaf spot) on Figure 3. Aecia of cedar-apple rust on https://www.uaex.uada.edu apple (courtesy J. -
Apples: Organic Production Guide
A project of the National Center for Appropriate Technology 1-800-346-9140 • www.attra.ncat.org Apples: Organic Production Guide By Tammy Hinman This publication provides information on organic apple production from recent research and producer and Guy Ames, NCAT experience. Many aspects of apple production are the same whether the grower uses low-spray, organic, Agriculture Specialists or conventional management. Accordingly, this publication focuses on the aspects that differ from Published nonorganic practices—primarily pest and disease control, marketing, and economics. (Information on March 2011 organic weed control and fertility management in orchards is presented in a separate ATTRA publica- © NCAT tion, Tree Fruits: Organic Production Overview.) This publication introduces the major apple insect pests IP020 and diseases and the most effective organic management methods. It also includes farmer profiles of working orchards and a section dealing with economic and marketing considerations. There is an exten- sive list of resources for information and supplies and an appendix on disease-resistant apple varieties. Contents Introduction ......................1 Geographical Factors Affecting Disease and Pest Management ...........3 Insect and Mite Pests .....3 Insect IPM in Apples - Kaolin Clay ........6 Diseases ........................... 14 Mammal and Bird Pests .........................20 Thinning ..........................20 Weed and Orchard Floor Management ......20 Economics and Marketing ........................22 Conclusion -
Cosmic Crisp's Growth Is out of This World
- Advertisement - Cosmic Crisp's growth is out of this world 1 / 2 April 26, 2021 After a record-breaking sophomore year that hasn't finished, the Cosmic Crisp apple’s growth trajectory indicates it will launch to the top of the apple chart in no time. Nielsen data show monumental growth, reaching No. 11 in sales dollars in March, and No. 14 over the 52 weeks ending March 27. If retailers do not have a Cosmic Crisp apple program in place now, they are missing out on very important sales and customer expectations. “Cosmic Crisp volume is planned to more than double this fall, and double again for the 2022 harvest. This volume will rival current core variety volume, displacing mature varieties that are being replaced with higher color strains and higher flavor varieties,” said Catherine Gipe-Stewart, communications manager. “Cosmic Crisp is rising so quickly, it has potential to become a top-five variety at this time next year.” Nielsen data show a 595 percent increase in dollars and a 720 percent in volume over the four weeks ending March 27. In March alone, Cosmic Crisp earned the 11th spot with $4.3 million in sales and 1.8 million pounds, at an average price of $2.52 per pound, right in line with Honeycrisp at $2.55 per pound. Looking at a yearly perspective (last 52 weeks), Cosmic Crisp has earned $20 million in sales, with 7.7 million pounds. “Historically, apples like Cosmic Crisp take root in the Pacific region, and spread eastward like wildfire,” said Gipe-Stewart. -
Loren Queen Looking for Quality Season at Domex Superfresh
- Advertisement - Loren Queen looking for quality season at Domex Superfresh August 23, 2011 The apple season is love at first bite for Loren Queen, marketing and communications manager for Domex Superfresh Growers in Yakima, WA. “I’ve just had my first Gala of the new crop and it was terrific,” he told The Produce News Aug. 24. “We could not have had better weather for growing apples this summer. We still have not had one single day where the temperature reached 100 degrees. I believe that must be a record. This means the fruit will have terrific internals and a nice finish to the outer appearance as well.” Mr. Queen was asked if cold weather earlier in the production season will affect product volume and quality this season. “Last November’s record-breaking cold certainly impacted the overall crop volumes as well as some varieties such as Fuji, Braeburn and Golden Delicious,” he replied. “But it doesn’t appear to have affected the quality of the fruit hanging on the tree. Size appears to be very similar to last year, which is ideal.” The apple harvest is underway for Domex. “We started with Ginger Gold last week and Gala today,” Mr. Queen stated. “This weekend we will begin running Golden Delicious as well. Harvest on our later varieties — Pink Lady, Fuji and Cameo — is not predicted to start until mid-November in some cases and won’t hit full volume until the week of Thanksgiving. There is a possibility that cold weather will affect these varieties as we typically flirt with below-freezing temperatures during November.” Domex markets a full apple manifest to global markets. -
Apple Orchard Information for Beginners
The UVM Apple Program: Extension and Research for the commercial tree fruit grower in Vermont and beyond... Our commitment is to provide relevant and timely horticultural, integrated pest management, marketing and economics information to commercial tree fruit growers in Vermont and beyond. If you have any questions or comments, please contact us. UVM Apple Team Members Dr. Lorraine Berkett, Faculty ([email protected] ) Terence Bradshaw, Research Technician Sarah Kingsley-Richards, Research Technician Morgan Cromwell, Graduate Student Apple Orchard Information for Beginners..... [The following material is from articles that appeared in the “For Beginners…” Horticultural section of the 1999 Vermont Apple Newsletter which was written by Dr. Elena Garcia. Please see http://orchard.uvm.edu/ for links to other material.] Websites of interest: UVM Apple Orchard http://orchard.uvm.edu/ UVM Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Calendar http://orchard.uvm.edu/uvmapple/pest/2000IPMChecklist.html New England Apple Pest Management Guide [use only for biological information] http://www.umass.edu/fruitadvisor/NEAPMG/index.htm Cornell Fruit Pages http://www.hort.cornell.edu/extension/commercial/fruit/index.html UMASS Fruit Advisor http://www.umass.edu/fruitadvisor/ 1/11/2007 Page 1 of 15 Penn State Tree Fruit Production Guide http://tfpg.cas.psu.edu/default.htm University of Wisconsin Extension Fruit Tree Publications http://learningstore.uwex.edu/Tree-Fruits-C85.aspx USDA Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas (ATTRA) Fruit Pages: http://www.attra.org/horticultural.html _____________________________________________________ Considerations before planting: One of the questions most often asked is, "What do I need to do to establish a small commercial orchard?" The success of an orchard is only as good as the planning and site preparation that goes into it.