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Greek Extractive Industry International Environment Profile – Prospects Greek Extractive Industry International Environment Profile – Prospects

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Greek Extractive Industry International Environment Profile – Prospects Greek Extractive Industry International Environment Profile – Prospects Ref. Ares(2015)1814063 - 29/04/2015 GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT PROFILE – PROSPECTS GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT PROFILE – PROSPECTS This brochure was printed with the sponsorship of G.M.E.A. In cooperation with the State, the society and the enterprises of the extractive industry sector, we lay down public policies in order to turn the mineral resources into a catalyst for the national economic recovery and growth. The three axes of the policy that is being implemented currently are the following: 1. To promote and reveal mineral resources and assign their exploitation through inter- national tenders in order to maximize the benefits for the national economy. 2. To valorize the mineral resources through rational exploitation processes and apply the principles of sustainable development. 3. To ensure significant offsets for the local society and socially fair allocation in con- formity with the relevant national revenue. We laid down the foundations for an integrated Mining Policy. The recent new Regu- lation of Mining and Quarry Works is a modern tool for safe and rational extractive works based on the principles of sustainable development. Moreover, the new Quarry Law shall be finalized soon. We promote International tenders for the exploitation of all financially attractive state owned mining areas. Also, we dynamically integrated geothermal energy, the most neglected type of green energy, into the country’s energy balance, through two international concession rounds. Our objective is to develop an economy that shall utilize, while respecting, the natural resources of the country thus contributing to upgrading the quality of life of the local communities. The available natural resources allow us to exploit them in order to face both the financial crisis and climate crisis change. If based on a vision, plan, determination and constant persistence, the Mineral Raw Materials can lead us to the top and help us meet the challenges related to our modern, sustainable and competitive economy. ­­ YIANNIS MANIATIS THE DEPUTY MINISTER OF ENVIRONMENT, ENERGY & CLIMATE CHANGE // 1 Feldspar Galena Calcium Carbonate Chromite Attapulgite Ores and minerals of Greece Bauxite Pyrite Kaolin Pumice stone Lignite Magnesite Mn Ore Marble Sulfure Bentonite Iron-nickel ores Olivine Perlite Huntite Talk Fluorspar Quartz Sphalerite Gold Lime stone Cupyrite Pozzolan Gypsum contents 01 \\ Introduction 04 02 \\ The importance of Mineral Raw Materials (MRM) for the modern society 06 03 \\ Global challenges 07 04 \\ The European Policy on the Mineral Raw Materials 09 05 \\ The Greek Mineral Resources and their importance for the national economy 11 06 \\ The Greek Extractive Industry and Sustainable development 14 07 \\ Development possibilities of the Greek mining industry, barriers, challenges prospects 16 08 \\ National Policy for the Exploitation of the Mineral Resources 18 // 3 01 Introduction The adequacy of Mineral Raw Materials for MRM exploration and exploitation, (MRM) is a prerequisite for the sustain- strategies for the promotion of their able function, prosperity and progress efficient use and recycling and land-use of modern societies. All aspects of the planning policies for minerals. daily life, growth, progress and prote- In particular, with regard to the Euro- The adequacy ction of the environment depend essen- pean Union (EU), the demand for raw tially on the availability of the MRM. materials is much higher than the of Mineral Raw The affordable MRM and the reliable respective production. As a result, the and environmentally safe access to EU is fully or greatly dependant on the Materials is a them are of paramount importance for raw materials imports. Any disruption the sound functioning of the economy in the timely and on-going supply of the prerequisite both at European and global level. European market may affect its econo- Such fields as constructions, chemical my and its growth rate adversely. for the sustain- products, car manufacture, energy and renewable sources of energy, high tech- able function, nology electric appliances and electro- Therefore, the EU has already under- nics etc. depend exclusively on the taken initiatives to address the issue availability of the MRM. of the short and long-term availabil- prosperity and ity of the necessary mineral resources Based on the characteristics of the actively. In this context, through its global economy, in particular those of progress of communication COM2008/699 “The the last decade, it is expected that the raw materials initiative - meeting our demand for MRM will continue to grow modern societies. critical needs for growth and jobs in faster than before mostly because of Europe” (Raw Materials Initiative - the increase in the consumption level Greece is one RMI) to the European Parliament and in the fast developing economies of the Council, the European Commission China, India, South-Eastern Asia, Latin of the EU raised once again the issue of the shift America and Russia. Today, it is clear to an economy based on a more effi- that meeting the needs of a society for Member States cient utilization of the European MRM MRM in a sustainable way presupposes under ‘sustainable’ conditions for both a concrete strategy whose main pillar is that has the deposits and the environment while a targeted policy for the exploitation of stressing the need for securing a relia- its mineral resources significant ble and undistorted access of the EU to the raw materials of the international mineral The role of the extractive industry is market. to satisfy a great number of these fast resources increasing needs. Nonetheless, the great More specifically, the successful imple- demand for minerals, the specificities of mentation of the second pillar of the with great the extractive activity to be undertaken European Raw Material Initiative exclusively in areas where there are (“Fostering sustainable supply of raw industrial deposit sites, the global environmen- materials from European resources”) tal issues affecting the social impact of requires from the Member States to interest and a the activity, the multiple barriers that plan their respective national policies hinder access to them and are accentu- with the objective of ensuring smooth wide range of ated by the competition with other land access to the EU raw material deposits uses and the imposition of restrictive and sound production of the MRM that applications measures or distortions in the interna- may be extracted from these deposits. tional trade, in conjunction with geopo- litical interests, demonstrate the need for applying best sustainable practices 4 \\ To this end, the European Commission and thus reduce essentially the needs in Energy and Climate Change executives suggests the adoption of indicators (the the primary production of raw materi- and productive, professional and scien- European Commission Feb 2011 Com- als, reduce waste, protect the environ- tific bodies (Greek Mining Enterprises munication “Tackling the challenges in ment and improve the quality of life. Association, Institute of Geology - Mi- commodity markets and on raw materi- neral Exploration and Survey, Techni- als”) that will enable the Member States cal Chamber of Greece, Geo-Technical The Greek extractive industry is an to map the implementation course of Chamber of Greece) the main axes, the important sector of our country’s eco- best practices, as formulated by the necessary directions and policies and nomic activity providing the necessary respective ad hoc Working Group, the specialized actions required by a raw materials to a number of fields that which was set up within the framework National Policy (NP) for the sustaina- are essential for the national economy, of the implementation of the second pil- ble exploitation of the national mineral such as power generation, cement and lar of the RMI. resources aiming at harmonizing the aluminium industry, constructions policy for the MRM with the principle Also, the dialogue between European and construction materials industry of sustainable development and its cou- institutions, Member States and stake- etc. Also, it is a highly extroverted field pling with the other national sectoral holders about the development of a since its exports account for 65% of its policies. specific policy aiming at creating a total sales, which makes it an important Europe free of the pressing need to find production link both at the European huge quantities or resources (raw and and the international market. other materials) in order to support the growth of its members is under- way. The suggested policy is defined In the above context, to respond to the as a ‘Resource Efficiency’ and its main situation and the modern needs, the objective is to optimize the use of Greek State developed, in cooperation resources in all EU productive activities with the Ministry of Environment, // 5 The importance of the 02 mineral raw materials for the modern society The material objects and substances that are mostly used on a daily basis are products or constructions based on mineral resources. This is not always easily understood because the mineral resources are not often used in their natural form and, therefore, they are not easily recognizable by the broad public. The dependence of the mo- dern society on the mineral resources has greatly increased. This trend is not expected to change mostly because of the ever increasing population and the improvement of the quality of life in the
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