Svante Arrhenius (1859–1927)
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New Banknote and Coin Series Themes and Motifs
REPORT FROM the General Council of the Riksbank’s Drafting Committee for the Design of Banknotes and Coins Ref. no. 2008-286-ADM New banknote and coin series Themes and motifs MARCH 2011 1 THEMES AND MOTIFS New banknote and coin series Themes and motifs Report from the General Council of the Riksbank’s Drafting Committee for the Design of Banknotes and Coins MARCH 2011 2 THEMES AND MOTIFS Contents 1. Background 5 3 THEMES AND MOTIFS 2. The banknote series 6 2.1 Starting points 6 2.2 Inventory 6 2.3 Themes 6 2.4 Motifs 7 2.4 Denominations 7 3. Coins series 8 4 THEMES AND MOTIFS Background The Riksbank has decided to renew the Swedish banknote and coin series. At the 5 same time a new denomination, 200 krona, will be introduced, and the 2-krona coin THEMES AND MOTIFS will be reintroduced. The coin series will consist of the denominations 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 kronor and the banknote series of the denominations 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000 kronor. Decisions regarding the design of banknotes and coins are taken by the General Council of the Riksbank. The General Council has appointed a committee to prepare these questions, consisting of four members of the Council and four experts. The members are Peter Egardt, Anders Karlsson, Sonia Karlsson and Ebba Lindsö. The experts are Eva-Lena Bengtsson, curator at the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts, Henrik Klackenberg, State Herald of Sweden, Magnus Olausson, Head of the Conservation Department at the National Museum of Fine Arts and Ian Wiséhn, Director of the Royal Coin Cabinet at the National Museum of Economy. -
Metagenomics Approaches for the Detection and Surveillance of Emerging and Recurrent Plant Pathogens
microorganisms Review Metagenomics Approaches for the Detection and Surveillance of Emerging and Recurrent Plant Pathogens Edoardo Piombo 1,2 , Ahmed Abdelfattah 3,4 , Samir Droby 5, Michael Wisniewski 6,7, Davide Spadaro 1,8,* and Leonardo Schena 9 1 Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; [email protected] 2 Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden 3 Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria; [email protected] 4 Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, University of Stockholm, Svante Arrhenius väg 20A, 11418 Stockholm, Sweden 5 Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; [email protected] 6 U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA; [email protected] 7 Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Technical University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA 8 AGROINNOVA—Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agroenvironmental Sector, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy 9 Department of Agriculture, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0116708942 Abstract: Globalization has a dramatic effect on the trade and movement of seeds, fruits and vegeta- bles, with a corresponding increase in economic losses caused by the introduction of transboundary Citation: Piombo, E.; Abdelfattah, A.; plant pathogens. Current diagnostic techniques provide a useful and precise tool to enact surveillance Droby, S.; Wisniewski, M.; Spadaro, protocols regarding specific organisms, but this approach is strictly targeted, while metabarcoding D.; Schena, L. -
The Lock-And-Key Analogy in 20Th Century Biochemistry
From: Rebecca Mertens The Construction of Analogy-Based Research Programs The Lock-and-Key Analogy in 20th Century Biochemistry April 2019, 224 p., pb., ill. 34,99 € (DE), 978-3-8376-4442-5 E-Book: PDF: 34,99 € (DE), ISBN 978-3-8394-4442-9 When the German chemist Emil Fischer presented his lock-and-key hypothesis in 1899, his analogy to describe the molecular relationship between enzymes and substrates quickly gained vast influence and provided future generations of scientists with a tool to investigate the relation between chemical structure and biological specificity. Rebecca Mertens explains the appeal of the lock-and-key analogy by its role in model building and in the construction of long-term, cross-generational research programs. She argues that a crucial feature of these research programs, namely ascertaining the continuity of core ideas and concepts, is provided by a certain way of analogy-based modelling. Rebecca Mertens (PhD), born in 1984, is a postdoctoral researcher in the history and philosophy of science at the University of Bielefeld, Germany. She works on the role of analogies, models and forms of comparison in the history of molecular genetics and is a member of the collaborative research program "Practices of ComparisonÚ Ordering and Changing the World". During her graduate and doctoral studies, she was a visiting scholar at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris and a visiting graduate fellow at the Minnesota Center for Philosophy of Science. For further information: www.transcript-verlag.de/en/978-3-8376-4442-5 © 2019 -
The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table
Information • Textbooks • Media • Resources The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table William B. Jensen Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172; [email protected] One of the few facts that I can remember from my un- a quarter of the more recent introductory inorganic texts. In dergraduate inorganic course was my instructor’s insistence all cases, the Zn group was incorrectly labeled as being a mem- that zinc, cadmium, and mercury should be classified as main- ber of the d block or transition block. Those introductory block elements rather than as transition-block or d-block el- inorganic texts that presented some sort of systematic survey ements. Though I have always assumed that the evidence for of descriptive chemistry usually contradicted this assignment this statement was unambiguous, I have also noticed the ap- in their later discussions of the chemistry of these elements. pearance over the last decade of an increasing number of gen- On the other hand, the surveys of descriptive chemistry found eral chemistry texts, inorganic texts, and advanced inorganic in most of the general chemistry texts were so superficial that monographs that either explicitly or implicitly contradict this the existence of this inconsistency seldom became explicit. assignment. The inorganic textbook by Cotton and In light of these trends, I thought it might be of interest Wilkinson, which has served as the American standard for to summarize the evidence relating to the proper placement nearly 40 years, has always been firm in its treatment of the of the Zn group within the periodic table. -
Europe's Favorite Chemists?
ability and on uncertainty evaluation of chemical mea- surement results. Participants can take this expertise back to their home countries and/or become regional coordinators for IMEP in their respective countries. In collaboration with EUROMET and CCQM, IMEP samples are offered for the organization of EUROMET key or supplementary comparisons and, where appro- priate, for the organization of CCQM key comparisons or pilot studies. In its role as a neutral, impartial international evalu- ation program, IMEP displays existing problems in chemical measurement. IRMM is dedicated to tackling this problem and will, where possible, collaborate with international bodies, education and accreditation au- thorities, and NMIs to achieve more reliable measure- ments and contribute to setting up an internationally structured measurement system. Ellen Poulsen (Denmark) preparing graphs for the IMEP-9 participants’ report on trace elements in water. Europe’s Favorite Chemists? Choosing Europe’s Top 100 Chemists: birth of Christ is quite forgotten in general. An addi- A Difficult Task tional irony lies in the fact that recent evidence from history, archaeology, and astronomy suggests a birthdate This article by Prof. Colin Russell (Department of His- about seven years earlier, so the real millennium came tory of Science and Technology, Open University, and went unnoticed in the early 1990s. However that Milton Keynes, England MK6 7AA, UK) was com- may be, the grand spirit of revelry and bonhomie can- missioned by Chemistry in Britain and published by not be quenched by such mundane considerations, and that magazine in Vol. 36, pp. 50–52, February 2000. celebration there shall be. Nor are societies to be left The list of Europe’s 100 distinguished chemists was behind in the general euphoria. -
Open Letter to the Swedish Academy Committee for Nobel Prize in Literature
Open Letter to The Swedish Academy Committee for Nobel Prize in Literature New York City, October 13, 2019 Dear members of The Swedish Academy, I am a Bosnian born artist living in New York, whose work deals with genocide, collective memory and trauma. I’m writing in regard to your recent decision to grant Peter Handke The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2019, and the impact that has had on me, and other survivors, since the announcement on October 10th. After reading numerous articles about your decision in complete state of shock and disbelief, I was grateful and relieved to see that journalists, writers and public figures worldwide, had not forgotten Handke’s public denial of the Srebrenica genocide, nor his ardent support for Slobodan Milošević, Ratko Mladic, and Radovan Karadžić (the latter two convicted of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the 1990’s by ICTY.) The many published responses underline the very serious emotional, psychological and physical reactions that are the consequences of your astonishing celebration. What is missing from many of these articles is how your decision to grant Handke the Nobel prize actually feels for those of us who have survived genocide and mass persecution he’s denying in our home country. What follows is a brief explanation of just how painful and assaulting your choice is for my communities both in Bosnia, and its diaspora. It is simple to employ the cliche that an artist’s political or moral positions should be separated from their work, but I would argue that in today’s political climate this is an unreasonable and willfully ignorant expectation. -
Research and Research- Related Activities 2012
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH UPPSALA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH AND RESEARCH- RELATED ACTIVITIES 2012 Edited by Åke Eriksson UPPSALA UNIVERSITY Department of English P.O. Box 527 SE-751 20 UPPSALA Phone: +46 18 471 12 46 Fax: +46 18 471 12 29 E-mail: [email protected] Web-address: www.engelska.uu.se 2 PREFACE English Studies at Uppsala University English language and literature have been studied at Uppsala University since 1736, when Andreas Hesselius was appointed tutor in the subject. Today there are three chairs: the Chair in English Language was established in 1904, the Chair in English Literature in 1948, and the Chair in American Literature in 1968. The Department also includes a Celtic Section, which grew out of the Irish Institute that was set up in 1950. Between 1941 and 1948 there was a research professorship in Celtic Languages and Comparative Indo-European Linguistics. In 2003 The Swedish Institute for North American Studies (SINAS, established in 1985) became part of the Department of English. A more detailed account of the history of English at Uppsala University can be found in Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Uppsala University 500 Years, 6 (1976) and in Kungl. Humanistiska Vetenskaps-Samfundet i Uppsala, Årsbok 2000. 3 CONTENTS PREFACE .................................................................................................................................... 3 CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................. 5 THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH -
Molecular Transport and Reactivity in Confinement
Molecular Transport and Reactivity in Confinement THU NGOC LE A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University College London Department of Chemical Engineering Primary Advisor: Professor Alberto Striolo December 2016 Declaration I, Thu Ngoc Le confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that they have been properly indicated in the thesis. 1 To my parents Phuong Le and Thu Do Kính tặng bố mẹ vì tình yêu thương vô bờ dành cho con 2 Acknowledgements It is my genuine pleasure to express my deepest thanks and gratitude to my advisor Professor Alberto Striolo, whose expertise, support and guidance have helped me tremendously in completing my PhD study. I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to Professor Heath Turner from University of Alabama for his generosity, kindness and encouragement on the most difficult topic of my study. I would like to give immense appreciation to Dr. Paul Ashby from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Professor Roy Penny from University of Arkansas for teaching me, not only valuable academic knowledge, but also how to be a better person. Thank you for having much faith in me. This thesis is especially dedicated to my Father and Mother, who have always been my inexorable stronghold. Being brought to the world as your daughter is the upmost divine blessing I could ever ask for in this life. To my sisters Han Le and Tran Le, I am thankful for being my upright idols, my greatest supports, and my best friends. -
Otto Sackur's Pioneering Exploits in the Quantum Theory Of
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Catalogo dei prodotti della ricerca Chapter 3 Putting the Quantum to Work: Otto Sackur’s Pioneering Exploits in the Quantum Theory of Gases Massimiliano Badino and Bretislav Friedrich After its appearance in the context of radiation theory, the quantum hypothesis rapidly diffused into other fields. By 1910, the crisis of classical traditions of physics and chemistry—while taking the quantum into account—became increas- ingly evident. The First Solvay Conference in 1911 pushed quantum theory to the fore, and many leading physicists responded by embracing the quantum hypoth- esis as a way to solve outstanding problems in the theory of matter. Until about 1910, quantum physics had drawn much of its inspiration from two sources. The first was the complex formal machinery connected with Max Planck’s theory of radiation and, above all, its close relationship with probabilis- tic arguments and statistical mechanics. The fledgling 1900–1901 version of this theory hinged on the application of Ludwig Boltzmann’s 1877 combinatorial pro- cedure to determine the state of maximum probability for a set of oscillators. In his 1906 book on heat radiation, Planck made the connection with gas theory even tighter. To illustrate the use of the procedure Boltzmann originally developed for an ideal gas, Planck showed how to extend the analysis of the phase space, com- monplace among practitioners of statistical mechanics, to electromagnetic oscil- lators (Planck 1906, 140–148). In doing so, Planck identified a crucial difference between the phase space of the gas molecules and that of oscillators used in quan- tum theory. -
THEODOR Ft5rster 1910
THEODOR Ft5RSTER 1910 - 19714 Journal of Luminescence 12/13 (1976) 8—12 © North-Holland Publishing Company MEMORIAL FOR THE LATE PROFESSOR THEODOR FORSTER A. WELLER Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie Göttingen, Fed. Rep. Germany On the 20th of May 1974 Theodor Forster died of a heart attack at the age of 64 while he was on his way to the Institute of Physical Chemistry at the University of Stuttgart whose director he had been for 23 years. In view of his numerous important and fundamental contributions to almost all aspects of luminescence, it is indeed appropriate to pay honour to the man and his work today. Theodor Forster was born on May 15, 1910, in Frankfurt, Germany. He went to school there (the same school which about 30 years before Otto Hahn had attended), and after completing his Abitur in 1929, he became a student of physics and mathe- matics at Frankfurt University. At that time there was very little red tape at German Universities. It was for in- stance possible to study physics and/or mathematics without an examination except for the final oral examination after having finished the PhD thesis. As a consequence the good student, in general, was able to finish the University in surprisingly short time; and so in 1933 at the age of 23 Theodor Förster was promoted to Dr. phil. with a thesis entitled “ZurPolarisation von Elektronen durch Reflexion” under the tutelage of E. Madelung. Still before having finished his thesis he had become an Assistant (scientific co- worker) of ProfessorKarl-Friedrich Bonhoeffer. -
Antibodies with Some Bite Antibodies Have Yet to Be Determined, It Is Reasonable to Suppose That the Ester Or David E
-~-------------------------------------N8NSANDVIEWS----------------_N_A_TU_R_E_V-O_L_._32_5_22_J_A_N_U_A_RY__ 19~87 Enzyme catalysis kinetics and is subject to competitive inhibition. Although the detailed chemical mechanisms of these catalytic Antibodies with some bite antibodies have yet to be determined, it is reasonable to suppose that the ester or David E. Hansen carbamate is strained towards a tetra hedral geometry on binding, thus facilitat THE spectacular specificities and rate William Jencks', more directly, stated in ing the attack of the hydroxide ion. Fur enhancements of enzymes are without 1969 thermore, the Scripps group has already equal among all known catalysts. It is no If complementarity between active site and found that their antibody can act via both wonder then that the design of new en transition state contributes significantly to nucleophilic and general base catalysis, zymes has long been a goal of biochemists. enzyme catalysis, it should be possible to syn depending on the substrate used. Now two independent groups, one led by thesize an enzyme by constructing a binding The fact that this approach succeeded at Alfonso Tramontano and Richard Lerner site. One way to do this is to prepare an anti all gives great hope to those attempting to of the Scripps Clinic and Research Foun body to a haptenic group which resembles the isolate even more efficient antibody cat dation', and the other by Peter Schultz of transition state of a given reaction. The com alysts by this and by other strategies. In the University of California at Berkeley\ bining sites of such antibodies should be com addition, it may be possible to modify have taken steps towards this goal by plementary to the transition state and should cause an acceleration by forcing bound sub existing catalytic antibodies. -
THEODORE WILLIAM RICHARDS January 31, 1868-April 2, 1928
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES T H E O D O R E W I L L I A M R ICHARDS 1868—1928 A Biographical Memoir by JAMES BRYANT CONANT Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1974 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON D.C. THEODORE WILLIAM RICHARDS January 31, 1868-April 2, 1928 BY JAMES BRYANT CONANT HEODORE WILLIAM RICHARDS was a precocious son of distin- Tguished parents. He was born in Philadelphia on January 31, 1868, the third son and fifth child of William Trost Richards and Anna Matlack Richards, who had been married on June 30, 1856. As strict members of the Society of Friends, the Matlack family looked askance at a young man who earned his living painting pictures. Anna was "read out of meeting." The Quaker marriage ceremony took place in the house of a friend. The first months of the honeymoon were devoted to the com- position and illustration of a manuscript volume of poems for the lady who had first brought the young couple together. A mutual interest in Browning and Tennyson had started an acquaintanceship which rapidly became a romance. An old friend and fellow artist of Philadelphia reminiscing long after W. T. Richards had established his reputation as a landscape painter said, "He amazed me by getting married and resigning his position as designer [in a local firm manufacturing gas fixtures] in order to devote himself entirely to his art.