THE PETERITE

Vol. XLVI I I MAY, 1956 No. 342

EDITORIAL COMMEMORATION. The programme for Commemoration this year shows sonic variation of the arrangements which have hitherto been sanctified by custom. The most noteworthy change will be the holding of the Old Peterite Dinner on the Saturday instead of the Friday. There are obvious advantages in the innovation. Friday is clearly a difficult day for Old Peterites to come to York, as is conclusively proved by the large number who make their first appearance at Commem. on the Saturday afternoon. By holding the Dinner on the Saturday evening we shall make the function possible for the many who have hitherto been precluded from it by considerations of travelling and business or other commitments. The fact that we confidently expect that the attendance at the 1956 Dinner will be considerably larger than hitherto is a contributory reason for the decision to hold the Dinner at the School. In the past some difficulty has been experienced in selecting a suitable hotel or restaurant in York as a venue for the Dinner, and with the anticipated increase in numbers the problem would become well-nigh insoluble. The School dining-hall should provide all the necessary facilities, and there will be the additional advantage that all of us will feel "at home". The invitation to Mr. Hugh Lyon to be our principal guest at the Speech Day ceremony on the Saturday morning was, we think, a happy inspiration, and we are glad that Mr. Lyon has been able to accept. Mr. Lyon, who was Rector of Edinburgh Academy from 1926 to 1931 and for the succeeding 17 years, until his retirement in 1948, a distinguished Head Master of Rugby School, has been the Director of the Public Schools' Employment Bureau since 1950. This combination of experience should make Mr. Lyon uniquely qualified to address an audience of public school boys and their parents. All who are present at the Clifton Cinema should feel confident that they will be listening to one who, if we may adopt the modern expressive cliche, 'knows all the answers'. His wise and vigorous administration of the Employment Bureau has made that institution an invaluable link between the Public Schools and the ever-growing colossus of commerce and industry and opened up for boys about to leave school a world of opportunity undreamt of by their fathers. On the subject of careers Mr. Lyon will indeed speak with the voice of authority. 1 CONTENTS

PAGE Editorial ... 1 Commemoration, 1956 2 The Appeal 3 Gift to the Library 3 Old Peterite News 3 Valete and Salvete 7 School Officers ... 8 House Notes 8 The Oxford Cup ... 15 The Chapel 15 The Choir 16 The Library 17 The Easter Tour 17 The Curia 20 The Debating Society 20 The Science Society 22 British Ship Adoption Society 24 Careers ... 24 Music 27 The Film Society ... 30 The Young Farmers' Club 31 Article : "Thomas Cranmer" 32 The C.C.F. 35 Shooting 36 Scouting 38 Fencing 41 Squash 42 Chess 44 Article : "Ski-ing Holiday" 44 Hockey, 1956 ... 45 Easter Term Rugger 47 Athletics ... 48 The Boat Club ... 51 The Junior School 53 I.C.I. TRANSFER SCHOLARSHIPS. The announcement by Imperial Chemical Industries, in March last, of their proposals for what are styled Transfer Scholarships to the Universities gives food for thought. Briefly, the intention of I.C.I. is to finance suitable candidates who have specialised at school in Arts subjects during a preliminary year at the University which would enable them to embark on an honours course in Science. These I.C.I. scholarships, for which the co-operation of five Universities, including Oxford and Cambridge, has been arranged, will be available for award in the year 1956-57. The effect of them is, of course, twofold. The boy who has shown a preference for Classics, or Modern Languages, or English subjects at school is no longer ipso facto debarred from a career in the world of Science, while, as a Science graduate, he would face life with a more broadly- based education. The scheme is attractive and should appeal to many of our boys. Full particulars of the scholarships are, of course, avail- able in the School. It is interesting to speculate on the motives which have actuated I.C.I. It is, we believe, far from the whole truth to look upon the new transfer scholarships as merely another device to wean boys from Arts to Science and to feed the insatiable man of Progress with more scientists and technicians. The clue, we think, is to be found in the sentiments voiced by Sir Alexander Fleck, I.C.I.'s Chairman, when he opened our Science Exhibition a little over a year ago. He urged then that 'what industry needed today was educated men and not minds overburdened with the dead-weight of unrelated facts'. What was wrong with formal education, he contended, was that it was not liberal enough. Our own comment on Sir Alexander's observations, in our Editorial of May, 1955, was that 'perhaps the remedy lies in the prolongation of the period of formal education by an additional University year'. The proposed scholarships show that this is now the view of I.C.I. It would seem then that I.C.I. have concluded that 'Science is not enough'. We agree most heartily.

COMMEMORATION The programme will be as follows :- WEDNESDAY, 25TH JULY. Junior School Speech Day and Distribution of Prizes by Sir Lumley Dodsworth.

FRIDAY, 27TH JULY. Cricket Match, School v. Old Peterites, begins. O.P. Club General Meeting. Concert in Big Hall (evening). 2 V

SATURDAY, 28TH JULY. Morning : Speeches and Distribution of Prizes by Hugh Lyon, Esq., M.G. Afternoon : Cricket Match continued. Boat Races, School v. Old Peterites. Evening : Old Peterite Dinner. SUNDAY, 29TH JULY. 8-15 am Holy Communion. 11-0 a.m. Commemoration Service and Sermon by Canon T. H. Tardrew.

BUILDING APPEAL Little further progress has been made since our report in the last "Peterite". The gross total, including prospective receipts from covenants, now stands at £21,034 15s. I 1 d. Although this sum will enable us in due course to carry out some part of our building programme, it is hoped that the many Old Boys and other friends of the School who have not yet "taken the plunge" will see that their names are added to our list of benefactors. The Industrial Fund for the advancement of Science in In- dependent Schools has received a great and well-deserved publicity, but it is unfortunate that our foresight in providing new, up-to-date and well-equipped laboratories from our own resources makes us ineligible for assistance from the Fund. We may perhaps hope that industrial firms especially interested in scientific education will con- sider our Appeal with this in mind.

GIFT TO THE LIBRARY The new oak shelving presented by Mr. H. Stephenson has now been installed in the Library, and a major transformation has been achieved. We are indeed grateful to Mr. Stephenson for his generosity, and are confident that a further important step forward has thus been made in providing the right atmosphere in what is academically the most important room in the School.

OLD PETERITE NEWS THE BISHOP OF DURHAM All Old Peterites will be gratified by the appointment of the Right Reverend Maurice Harland (1912-1914) to the See of Durham, in succession to Dr. A. M. Ramsey, the new Archbishop of York. Dr. Harland, who is, of course, our most distinguished representative in the Church, is translated from Lincoln, where he was made Bishop in 1947. 3 Dr. Harland, who is 60, was born at Rillington, near Malton, where his father, the Rev. G. W. Harland, was Vicar. He was educated at St. Peter's and later at Exeter College, Oxford, and Leeds Clergy School. At the beginning of the first World War, when he was 18, he joined the West Yorkshire Regiment and served for four months as a subaltern. Later he transferred to the Royal Field Artillery, and then to the Royal Flying Corps. He left the Royal Air Force, as the R.F.C. later became, in 1919. He was ordained in 1922, his first curacy being in Leicester, where he stayed for 11 years. In 1933 he was appointed Perpetual Curate of St. Matthew's, Holbeck, Leeds, and five years later went to Winder- mere as Vicar of St. Mary's Church. In 1942 he was appointed Vicar of Croydon, Suffragan Bishop of Croydon, and Hon. Canon of Canterbury.

COMMEMORATION The Commemoration week-end will be from Friday, 27th July, to Sunday, 29th July. There will be the usual cricket match and boat races. Any O.P.s who wish to play for the O.P. XI should communicate with R. A. Stratton, Tynron, 8 Riddings Road, Hale, Cheshire. K. H. Rhodes, at the School, will again organize the boat races, and anyone interested should get in touch with him. A preliminary programme is printed on page 2. It should be noted that the O.P. Dinner will be held on the Saturday.

OLD PETERITE MANCHESTER DINNER The second annual North-West Area Dinner was held at the New Millgate Hotel, Manchester, on the 9th March. R. A. Stratton was in the Chair and the toast of "The School" was proposed by G. F. Jackson (ex-Master). The following were present :- Blackburn, D. (1922-31). Jackson, G. F. (ex-Master). Booth, A. T. (1948-53). Lewis, T. J. (1923-26). Booth, J. G. (1945-50). Maclldowie, A. B. (1921-29). Booth, J. M. (1946-51). Smith, G. D. (1935-42). Graham, G. E. L. (1932-37). Stratton, R. A. (1935-43). Hallas, M. (1943-47). Troughton, A. P. (1920-23). Hanson, J. A. (1918-21). Warren, K. A. (1936-39). Hillyard, E. J. (1935-40). OLD PETERITE CAMBRIDGE DINNER An O.P. Cambridge Dinner was held at Emmanuel College on 22nd February. The Head Master, Mr. Crews, and Mr. Harding, as representatives of the School, were entertained by a large gathering of Cambridge O.P.s. Some details of this Dinner are given below in the "Cambridge Letter.". 4 WEST RIDING DINNER: PRELIMINARY ANNOUNCEMENT It is proposed to hold the next West Riding O.P. Dinner on Thursday, 1st November, 1956. It will again take place at the Three Nuns Hotel, Mirfield, and the price will be approximately 15s. O.P.s who are interested should get into touch with G. D. Smith, 30 Goldington Drive, Oakes, Huddersfield. OBITUARY HENRY STANLEY STEPHENSON We regret to record the death, on 16th February, 1956, of Henry Stanley Stephenson, Canon Emeritus of Leicester Cathedral. Canon Stephenson, who was 81, was the son of the Rev. H. M. Stephenson, Head Master of St. Peter's from 1872 to 1887. He died in Fleet Hospital and the funeral took place at St. John's, Woking, Crematorium. He left St. Peter's in 1891. BIRTHS CLARK.—On 2nd February, 1956, at Westow Croft, to Mavis (nee Boden), wife of W. J. Clark, a daughter. [School House, 1941-46.] RUDDOCK.—On 25th March, 1956, to Valerie (nee Fieldsend), wife of Peter Ruddock, twin sons. [The Rise, 1935-41] MARRIAGE BROWN—AUTY. On 19th March, 1956, at Ravensthorpe Congregational Church, Ernest Gordon Brown, son of Mr. and Mrs. F. A. Brown, of Cawley Lane, Heckmondwike, to Pauline Adrienne, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. C. Auty, Ivydene, Knowl Road, Mirfield. [The Rise, 1943-48.] ENGAGEMENTS GREGORY-GLADWIN. The engagement is announced between Vincent Boyes Gregory, St. Peter's School, York, only son of Mr. and Mrs. N. B. Gregory, of Heworth, York, and Sheila Mary, elder daughter of Mr. and Mrs. A. D. Gladwin, The White House, Bishopthorpe, York. [1939-46.] MACPHERSON—NICHOLSON. The engagement is announced between Ian Stewart, eldest son of Dr. and Mrs. I. G. Macpherson, 4 St. Peter's Grove, and Jacqueline, second daughter of Mrs. M. A. Nicholson and the late R. Nicholson, 22 Main Avenue, York. [1936-46.] PING—HOLMSTROM. The engagement is announced between William Hugh, younger son of Mr. and Mrs. A. Wentworth Ping, of Lowfields, Clifton, York, and Joan Carol, only daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Eric Holmstrom, of Lindrick Dale, near Worksop, Nottinghamshire. [The Rise, 1932-42.] CAMBRIDGE LETTER The Editors, The Peterite. CAMBRIDGE, Dear Sirs, April, 1956. The outstanding event of the last term was our re-established Annual Dinner, which achieved its second anniversary. This was again held in Emmanuel and only two of our number were unable to be present. It was again a great pleasure to welcome the Head Master, this time with two Housemasters, Mr. Crews and Mr: Harding.. We were also pleased to welcome back J. B. Mortimer, who came up 5 from London, where he is practising law, and to meet or in some cases renew acquaintance with David Belchamber, an Old Olavite who is now up at Cambridge. In his speech the Head Master gave us a short resume of some of the more recent happenings at School, including the news that the School Boat Club is going into "eights". This particularly pleased our rowing men, J. B. Claydon, J. C. Oldroyd and J. B. Weightman. Claydon and Oldroyd, both of King's, were bow and cox respectively in their College 1st Lent boat. Weightman played a humbler part, rowing in the St. Catharine's "gentlemen's" eight, which was bumped on every day of the races. Mr. Crews made an impassioned speech in which he deplored the obscure witticisms of the O.P. letter and indicated the large number of Old Risites present. Spurred on by this example, Mr. Harding rose impetuously but found little to say. The rugger "cuppers" this term were won by Emmanuel, whose team included M. E. Kershaw and A. N. Wyatt-Gunning. Kershaw has also played rugby for the Harlequins and the T.A., and is a member of the Hawks Club, the Mecca of Cambridge sportsmen. Wyatt-Gunning tells us that apart from rugby his time has been spent "reading essays, eating dinners, and snowballing". Snow and hard frost were, in fact, one of the features of the term, and many of our members had their activities curtailed by the weather. J. T. Ankers (Emmanuel) complained that even the walk to the bar of the "Volunteer" became hazardous. He and A. N. C. Smith have, how- ever, played some hockey on the rare occasions when the ground was fit. In the same college C. K. Smith has played little sport, but his ready tongue has met its equal in that of S. H. Storey, whom he frequently engages in verbal battle. Storey collects obscure technical books and plays the guitar for consolation. To H. P. G. Shaw the weather was more of an encouragement than deterrent, and he has continued to play bridge assiduously. P. C. Knowlson, who presided at the Dinner, is studying forestry; his other interests include judo and eating rugger dinners (this in spite of his retirement from the active field). One of our most energetic members is E. D. Thornton, of St. Catharine's. He plays hockey and squash regularly for his college, runs a Ford Popular, and goes on jaunts round the country visiting estates and agricultural valuers. His visits to North Wales, however, have no connection with his syllabus. Also in St. Catharine's are 0. C. Wetherall, G. B. Pullan and J. B. Weightman. Wetherall has been playing for the 2nd XV and Pullan also had a brief season—in three games he acquired two sprained ankles. He was encouraged, he says, by a rumour that he was rather a good hockey player, until he discovered it had originated in the rugby club. Weightman, apart from his rowing successes, has been doing a welding course at the workshops. 6 Peter Simpson, of Trinity Hall, last term described as a "mystery man", is still "up" reading Theology and spends a lot of time in the University library. He sang in a performance of Tanis' "Lamenta- tions" and says he indulges in "endless world-shaking and futile Cambridge beer—and/or coffee—arguments". Another mystery is M. J. Quarmby, of Downing. We must apologise for the omission of even his name from last term's letter, but regret that we have no information about his activities. C. J. Griffiths gave a very pleasant party in Peterhouse during the term, at which Claydon and Oldroyd were present. And finally D. A. Haxby, of Sidney Sussex, successfully passed an R.A.F. Officer Selection Course prior to his National Service. At the end of term Claydon and Oldroyd had the pleasant duty of entertaining four present members of the School who were here to take the entrance examinations. We hope they were successful, and approve of the wide range of their choice of colleges. Perhaps there will come a day when we shall be able to report Peterite activities in each of the eighteen colleges. Yours sincerely, THE CAMBRIDGE OLD PETERITES.

VALETE AND SALVETE VALETE (March, 1956)

QUEEN'S I. L. Barton. 1951-56 (St. Olave's, 1947). Transitus Modern. G.C.E., "0" Level, 1954. 3rd XV, 1955. A/Cpl. in Army Section. 2 i/c No. 1 Army Training Platoon. Cert. "A", Parts I and II. 2nd Class Shot.

SCHOOL HOUSE M. Collins. 1952-56. Transitus Modern. G.C.E., "0" Level, 1955. 2nd XI Hockey, 1956. A/L/Cpl. in Army Section. Army Training Storeman. Cert. "A", Part I. Recruit Shooting Cup, 1954. Marksman.

TEMPLE J. M. T. Holroyd. 1954-56 (St. Olave's, 1949). Shell B. Cdt. in Basic Section.

SALVETE (January, 1956) W. J. Bottomley. Grove. Shell A Upper. A. W. Martin. School House. Shell A Lower. V. F. Roberts. Temple. Shell B. D. A. Taylor. School House. Shell A Lower.

7 SCHOOL OFFICERS Easter Term, 1956 HEAD OF SCHOOL : E. S. PORTLOCK SCHOOL MONITORS : Head of The Grove: D. M. WALKER Head of The Manor: R. B. WILSON Head of Queen's House: B. A. HEAP Head of The Rise: E. S. PORTLOCK Head of School House: N. J. BELL Head of Temple: R. D. BECKITT Chapel Monitor: D. PFLUGER D. G. BARTON P. B. CLAYTON

HOUSE MONITORS : The Grove: M. D. FISH, D. KIRBY, N. J. MAGSON, T. G. STEPHENSON, E. H. N. TURNER, D. WILKINSON. The Manor: M. HANDLER, D. G. METCALF, J. R. PEVERLEY, I. WILSON, C. J. WOOLLEY. Queen's House: B. W. H. CARTER, M. T. CARTER, I. E. F. MORTON, P. J. NETHERWOOD. The Rise: R. F. COATES, J. M. FORSTER, A. J. ISHERWOOD, P. S. ROE, R. M. SCARTH. J. B. WILKINSON. School House: A. G. HALL, F. A. L. KIRBY, R. G. LE PLA, R. N. WORSLEY. Temple: D. A. A. LAMB, W. G. MACKELLAR, P. A. MORRIS, E. C. SEDMAN, D. T. SPARHAM, M. WELSH. GAMES CAPTAINS : Captain of Hockey: D. PFLUGER. Captain of Boats: B. A. HEAP. Captain of Squash: N. J. MAGSON. Captain of Shooting: N. J. BELL. Captain of Fencing: R. N. WORSLEY. Captain of Chess: B. W. H. CARTER. EDITORS OF "THE PETERITE" : D. M. WALKER, R. D. BECKITT, D. PFLUGER.

HOUSE NOTES THE GROVE We should like first to congratulate E. H. N. Turner and D. Wilkinson on their appointment as House Monitors. Looking back over the term we feel we can be quite satisfied, and, though there is no tangible reward for our prowess in the ancient sport of snowballing, the organised games brought us a fair share of "pots for the shelf". We were particularly pleased when our Junior crew beat Manor easily and then rowed strongly to defeat the Rise by a length; thus we won our first boating trophy. The Senior crew, however, after beating the Manor never really came to grips with the Rise. This privilege we left to our fourth IV. 8 Squash is at the moment very strong in the Grove, and as we have both the Captain and Vice-Captain of School Squash in N. J. Magson and D. Kirby, it is not surprising that we convincingly regained the cup, with the scalps of Temple, Manor, and Rise. To his disgust the second string could find no excuse for not playing in the final, but despite the cold he won and hastened back to continue (so lie claimed) his training for the chess. It was in this staid and gentlemanly sport that we scored our third triumph; for our team, so inspired by the enthusiastic leadership of H. W. H. Unwin that it is even rumoured that two practice games took place, won their competition. Here we must record the deep disappointment felt by all but eight members of the Grove at the cancellation of our annual trot round the Ings. However, we gained second place in the Athletic Sports; D. Pfluger won the high jump and M. D. Fish the long jump, while the Senior relay team just beat the Rise in a thrilling finish. J. F. Miers must be congratulated on the award of his House colours for his contribution to our efforts. Throughout the term the Grove has been well represented in all aspects of School life. In particular we must congratulate D. Kirby, N. J. Magson, and D. Wilkinson on joining their captain, D. Pfluger, in the hockey XI. We can also claim to have displayed a wide variety of musical and oratorical talents to the School. Meanwhile, within the House we have been equally active and versatile. Indeed our astronomical friends must have learnt a great deal about the sky and river bank at night. Also, because of the unfortunate illness of Mrs. Bakewell, our Matron, we have been undergoing domestic science training in relays; the success of our bedmaking can be seen by the affection of most boys for their handiwork at 8-23 a.m. Finally may we extend an invitation to old Grovites to visit us and see the recent improvements in the House, both constructional and otherwise. THE MANOR This term we welcomed Mr. Procter as student Assistant House- master, and we hope he enjoyed his sojourn with us. We are grateful to him for all that he has done for us, and he has our best wishes for his new appointment. The inclement weather in the earlier part of term gave rise to many unappreciated walks to distant parts of the countryside. How- ever, they did help to prevent stagnation and were not always so very boring. Perhaps the only members of the House who were filled with regret were the keen cross-country runners—a minority, but a very enthusiastic one—and we all had hopes of some good performances in the race. The House representation in School teams has not been of last term's proportions, but has been sizeable. To 1st XI hockey we contributed Brocklebank, who gained his colours; R. B. Wilson also played. Wilson, Ladd, and Ridley played regularly for the 2nd XI, 9 and Woolley occasionally. Handler and Peverley shot for the 1st VIII, and were awarded their minor colours, while R. B. Wilson, Lennox, and Lowley were regular members of the 2nd VIII. The House has been no more skilful—or fortunate—in cup collecting than usual, though our general standard in games seems quite reasonable. The Junior boat lost to the ultimate winners, but the first was somewhat of a disappointment and never looked com- fortable or got their boat running well in their race. In the Athletic Sports we were fourth in a year when probably the House as a whole showed more enthusiasm than usual. We were third in "standards" and Bywater and A. May are to be congratulated on securing full points in their respective groups, while Procter was only one point short. C. Wood and Bywater were second and fourth in the mile, and Bywater won the quarter in good style. These two have been awarded their House colours. Our chess team secured a victory over a much-fancied Temple team, only to lose somewhat ingloriously to the Rise in the next round. Internal activities in the House continue to flourish, and it is pleasing to record that squash has gained popularity considerably. Ridley and Jenkinson both reached the semi-finals in their respective groups of the squash competition. The House was placed second in the pentathlon organised one Saturday during the snow; this competi- tion aroused much enthusiasm and also severely tested the ability of the senior members of the House to make arrangements at high speed. The hobbies room continues to be a wireless room, in effect, and there the uninitiated walk warily, for who can tell what is precious, what is half-made, what is raw materials, and what is discarded ? I. Wilson, Procter, and Jenkinson provided a Science Society evening early in term, and the House now has several fluent members of the Debating Society. A new development this term has been the appearance of a coffee-drinking, jazz-fiend element, whose chief instruments appear to be one trombone, one hybrid banjo, one gramophone, and sundry human voices of varying quality. From time to time Authority, who is suspected of lacking an appreciation for this type of music, swoops, and the gramophone, at least, is silenced for a week or so. Hope springs eternal, in the Manor as elsewhere, and as we look back upon a term which has not been immediately fruitful, we feel that at least it has some indication of future success. QUEEN'S For two years success eluded us in the final of the House rowing— this year was our third opportunity, and at last we did it, beating Temple and then Rise, despite the fact that one old crew member was out through illness. Or, perhaps, because. . . . This win in the Senior rowing was indeed our major triumph last term, and Whitmore and I. C. Bytheway received their House colours. The second boat, generally felt to be competent, never even reached the river, through a misunderstanding. 10 The Grove seems to have been our bogey last term. They removed us from the squash at one game to three, and from the chess (though we are assured our 2-3 opposition was the stiffest provided). They said the performance of Mozart's "Requiem Mass" was in memory of Mozart. It wasn't. It was in memory of the cross-country that never was. We wept when we heard. But Bygate won the Intermediate mile with a time only two seconds over record and our other milers also did themselves and us credit. Standards had many people groaning, but certain individuals, to wit Bygate (full points) and Whitmore, Crowther, Slade (one under the maximum) obviously had an angle. It must be nice to be athletic. The Athletic Sports—well, perhaps we were fifth, but we beat Temple (as usual !). Despite creditable efforts our athletes notched no more than the odd placing. School games gave us Netherwood in the squash team (colours) and at left back in the hockey 1st XI. Hopper, too, played in the 1st XI, and M. A. Jones and Thorp in the 2nd XI. The fencing team again used Burton's foil. Morton shot for the 1st VIII, then took a dive to the second. Prospects of having to exert himself at Standards made his hands tremble. Again the weather forced an all-Houses Pentathlon. Excuse us for mentioning this thing, but we won it. One more mention for I. C. Bytheway—he gained a Flying Scholarship. We are not sure just what a Flying Scholarship is beyond being something tough, but congratulations anyway. Members made various sorties on Oxford and Cambridge last term. M. T. Carter gained a place at the Queen's College, Oxford; Bean missed a Choral at King's, Cambridge, by only one place. Other results are awaited. For conclusion, a disclaimer. A Mr. Clough bridled over a reference in our last notes. We, of course, apologise. The reference should have read : Clough did not have Debating Society in hysterics when he was being pompous. Thank you, Mr. Clough, for that correction. The integrity of these notes owes much to men like Mr. Clough. THE RISE The lash of the whip and the sound of people running to hide from sight heralded the arrival of the Easter Term and cross-country running. Scarth, as captain of this normally unpopular sport, lost no time in inspiring enthusiasm, and the Rise soon had more than enough runners in training, although it was only by threatening not to cox that he induced one member of the House to take part occasionally in the training runs. It was with amazement and disgust that the Rise team received the news that the cross-country race was cancelled, especially as a run-off amongst those in training for the eight places in the team had been 11 held in equally bad conditions the previous week. The Rise would here, while accepting the decision, like to ask whether the cross- country is meant to be a test of stamina run over a difficult course, or not? The argument put forward by the other Houses was that the younger members of teams were not strong enough to cope with the course under difficult conditions. In reply to this we would suggest that either the age limit for those eligible should be raised or that the older members of certain Houses should make the effort to train instead of leaving it all to the younger generation. The major task, this term, was to defend the Boating Cup; and with once again the largest Boat Club on the river, we were in a very strong position to do so. Both the Senior and Junior crews reached the finals for the second year in succession, but unfortunately came up against opposition which proved a little too strong. The Senior final against Queen's was a repeat performance of the previous year's only with the result reversed. In the minor sports, the Rise again were finalists, being beaten by the Grove in both squash and chess matches. We would here like to congratulate Forster who, as captain of squash, led his team to the first final for many years. He is also to be congratulated on the award of his School squash colours for the season 1955-56. The weather interfered with School hockey during the term, but that did not prevent Roe, Irvin, and Richards gaining their 1st XI hockey colours. We were amazed to find Isherwood making some show of youthful vigour by playing in the 2nd XI, as a "flying" full back. After this rush of sport the closing stages of the term brought the Trial Exams. and later that much complained about, but secretly enjoyed activity, standards. In the former we had quite good results and let it not be thought that the Rise has abandoned the Work Cup, far from it, as we are hoping for at least two State Scholarships in July. In the latter we avenged our frustrated cross-country hopes by adding ninety-nine points to our leading standards score. In the Senior events we won every race except the 440 yards and in the Intermediate section every race except the mile. Baldwin ran particularly well and is to be congratulated on gaining the Inter- mediate 880 yards record. For their efforts on behalf of the House, we would like to congratulate Coates and Burden on the award of their Senior House colours. Cook, Howard, and Mathews were also awarded their Junior House colours. So we close a term which, although it has not left the Oxford Cup within our grasp for a second year, at least gives us the satisfaction that we have so far this year been in every final except the Senior Rugger. With the present spirit and talent coming up in the Boat Club it should be a very short excursion that the Boating Cup has taken from the Rise shelf. 12 SCHOOL HOUSE To the exalted sphere of monitorship we welcome F. A. L. Kirby and A. G. Hall this term. The friendly atmosphere of the Juniors is shared by two new members, A. W. Martin and D. A. Taylor. Undoubtedly our strength lies in the Junior half of the House and although the shelf is not overweighted at present this strength will soon begin to tell. Sport is not the only reason for our confidence in the future, as the fourth forms and below keep a lead in the Work Cup. Clayton gained 1st XI hockey colours and Worsley, after goal- keeping against the England winger and the Yorkshire captain, surreptitiously slipped to the 2nd XI leaving Bell quaking in his stead. Collins was a regular member of the 2nd XI with Ruddock an "occasional". Macpherson seems to be gaining confidence in his squash and eventually rejoined the 1st V. The House team lost to Rise. Macpherson and J. B. Robinson deservedly won the Intermediate and Junior squash cups respectively. The two boat crews, under Kirby's leadership, put up creditable performances although the 1st IV lost to Queen's, the eventual winners, and the 2nd IV to Temple by half a length. School shooting commandeered the help of Bell, Butler, Taylor (1st VIII), and Garbutt and Baxter (2nd VIII). Butler has shot well to attain the School's highest average. The Captain of fencing, Warsley, has coached the fencers, N. M. Young and P. M. Beachell showing great promise. As athletics approached the customary grumbles were heard, but when they started the whole House buckled down to the job, spurred on with enthusiasm by Clayton. The Sports resulted in a triumph for the Junior Section with the rest of the team running with fine spirit. Rhodes won all his events and P. N. B. Smith, a promising all-rounder, created a record in throwing the cricket ball. As a result of all-round effort, Kirby, Macpherson, and D. Robinson were awarded their Senior House colours. F. C. Beaumont, J. B. Robinson, N. F. Moore, P. N. B. Smith were awarded Junior House colours. Many members of the House take an active part in the School Societies. Le Pla, a versatile speaker, ranged from Cancer to Concertos. His work in the House Proms. has been greatly appreciated. As seen above our term has been full of engagements but none more pleasing than that of our Assistant House Master. We offer Mr. Gregory and his fiancee our congratulations. We must bid farewell to Collins—our best wishes and thanks follow him. Miss Firth also leaves us for reasons of health. We thank her for all she has done for us, and wish her a rapid restoration to full fitness. 13 TEMPLE Weather ! What blistering remarks could be made on that one theme. To describe the complexities of our climate seems unnecessary. Enough to say that it has been the bane of our life and put an effective damper on the hockey and cross-country. The diehards of the hockey XI, to which we contributed only one member, were reduced at one time to removing the snow from the field with shovels. With the ground conditions so unsuitable for running or ball games, it became necessary to find activities for the House. Thus it was that "House activities" became a dreaded expression : it meant either a long walk with an uncertain destination, or a snowfight (not very popular with some people). However, on one occasion Temple and Queen's united their small forces to give battle to Rise, who, relying solely on military tactics, were defeated by somewhat more unorthodox methods though only after a struggle in which even the O.C. Rise joined ! The cross-country, because of ground conditions, was finally cancelled. Throughout the bad weather boaters continued to return from the river, maintaining that, though it was more awkward to balance the boat with ice on riggers and oars, they nevertheless created bodily warmth by friction resulting from the speed of the boat through the water. The inter-House boat races, after postponement, were finally rowed. The House 2nd IV beat School House in the first round after a close race, but lost to the Rise in the semi-final. The Senior crew lost to the eventual winners, Queen's. Chess and table-tennis continue to thrive. Crowe won the Senior competition and Quin the Junior. We still contribute a few people to the School shooting, fencing, and chess teams. The athletics commenced on time and continued without respite until the preliminary heats. Although we gained nine finalists in these, we were, however, unable to make up our leeway in the standards, and finished at the bottom of the scale, notwithstanding the gallant attempts of our teams. Hayes gained his Junior House colours for his efforts. We say goodbye to only one person this term, Holroyd, to whom we wish the best of luck.

14 THE OXFORD CUP, 1955-56 (Holders : THE RISE)

The following table gives the points gained up to date :- Points School Awarded Grove Manor Queen's Rise House Temple

Senior Rugger 20 20 — — — — — Junior Rugger 10 10 — — — — Senior Cricket 20 — — — — — Junior Cricket ... 10 — — — — — — Rowing (1st Division) 20 — — 20 — — — Rowing (2nd Division) 10 10 — — — — — Athletics, 1st ... 20 — — — 20 — — Athletics, 2nd ... 10 10 — — — — — Cross-country, let ... 10 1 No competition this year. Cross-country, 2nd ... 5 ,f Swimming, 1st 10 — — — — — — Swimming, 2nd 5 — — — — — — Squash ... 10 10 — — — — — Tennis ...... 10 — — — — — — Shooting (Team) ... 5 — — — — — — Fencing ...... 5 — — — — — — 180 60 20 20

THE CHAPEL On the first Sunday of term the School took part in the Epiphany Procession in York Minster; and, as usual, the Choir and Taperers performed with great credit to the School. But the great day of any Easter Term is Confirmation Day, and on Thursday, 15th March, the Bishop of Selby confirmed the following sixty-seven members of the School :- P. G. Adams, U. A. Alexander, T. M. Allan, R. G. Armstrong, J. 0. Armstrong, D. S. Atkinson, R. B. Atkinson, P. D. Bagshaw, D. J. Beevers, J. A. Biggin, A. G. Black, M. S. Blacker, M. J. Bond, A. S. Brining, P. B. Brown, M. L. Bywater, J. M. Charnley, D. P. Coles, D. E. Coulson, F. H. Dimmey, L. P. Dobson, T. Donking, T. A. Dukes, D. N. Ellis, J. G. Fairclough, A. J. D. Foster, M. J. French, J. R. P. Harris, R. J. Hawkins, C. J. Hemsley, F. J. A. Hewitt, S. K. D. Hill, S. S. Hobson, P. Hodgson, C. D. Ibberson, T. C. J. James, R. L. Jobling, W. E. Jones, R. W. Kirk, D. A. Long, F. D. Lavender, M. N. McCulloch, L. H. K. Mackay, J. B. Mathews, P. H. Moat, J. H. Moss, C. T. Murray, D. M. Patchett, J. L. Pilditch, M. P. W. Raahauge, E. M. H. Ranson, A. W. Raylor, D. H. Rhodes, D. S. H. Ridley, J. B. Robinson, J. G. Saunders, D. L. Slade, J. G. Slater, H. V. Sykes, C. L. Thomas, R. H. Thorp, C. B. Wainwright, M. H. Watson, J. F. Williams, R. A. B. Wood, M. W. Woodruff, J. G. Wright. P. Jenner, M. W. Foster, and J. G. Ainley were prevented by illness from being present when their preparation was almost complete; and we may be able to make special arrangements so as to avoid post- poning their Confirmation for a year. 15 There was little opportunity, with a very early Lent, to enjoy the privilege of visiting preachers : but the Dean of York, and the Rev. D. V. Hewitt both came, and we are most grateful to them. Our Servers, led by the Chapel Monitor, have been most regular and punctual; and have done their work admirably. The total collections in Chapel during the term amounted to £74 3s. 9d., and the number of Communicants was 927. C.P.

THE CHOIR The term began with preparations for the annual Epiphany Procession in the Minster. This year more than the customary practice was necessary, for, instead of the Tudor motet by Weelkes, Gloria in Excelsis Deo, we had to prepare a work which was new to us, All they from Saba by Jokob Handl. This change was made because it had been felt in previous years that the climax of the whole service, the actual presentation of the gifts by the Kings, had been somewhat overshadowed by the musical glories of the Weelkes which was being sung at the same time. Now, while the gifts are made, silence reigns in the Minster, so that the words of the Kings may be heard distinctly. Then, the ceremony of the gifts completed, the joint choirs burst forth with the short and triumphant All they from Saba as a commentary on what has just been achieved. Besides the weekly anthems and services in Chapel, the Choir contributed to the Mozart concert on Saturday, 10th March, singing two motets, Ave verum Corpus and Splendente te, Deus. The Choir Supper was held on 23rd March and we all, except Beresford and Foster who were ill, partook of a splendid feast at the invitation of the Head Master. After the meal, a short break was made while the old Dining Hall was prepared for the sing-song. Besides the massed singing of old favourites, "Professor" Jeffs gave us a fine exhibition of sleight of hand, Badham showed us some card tricks, Canon Patteson sang "The nightmare song" from "Iolanthe" and the Head Master led us in singing "John Brown's Baby" with actions. We all thoroughly enjoyed ourselves, and the evening was voted a great success. Since he came to St. Peter's a year ago from the Minster Choir, B. Jones has, by his leadership, given a firmness and efficiency to the treble line in the Choir, and has delighted us and many others with the many solos he has sung both at School and in public. Now the trebles will have to say goodbye to him but we hope his musical career will continue, and that he will soon be singing again in the Choir. The following works were sung during the term :- Carols: The Noble Stem of Jesse. O'er the hill. Up good Christian folk. 16 Anthems: All they from Saba—Jakob Handl. Jesu grant me this—Gibbons-Bairstow. (at the Memorial Service for Archbishop Garbett). Jesu, joy of man's desiring—Bach. Motet—Ave Verum Corpus—Mozart. Almighty God who hast us brought—Ford. 0 Thou the central orb—Charles Wood. Turn thy face—Attwood. Passion Chorale—Hassles. Services: Stanford in B flat (Evening Service). Healey Willan in E flat (Communion Service). Walmisley in D minor (Evening Service). R.G.B.

THE LIBRARY The past term has more than justified the belief that the extensions and improved facilities would enhance the value of the Library as a place for serious study. The Dronfield Room has been in constant use by senior members of the School both in school periods and in out-of-school hours. The "new-look" which the alterations of last Summer gave to the Library as a whole has tended to emphasise the shabbiness of the shelving in the older portion, and we are glad to be able to report that new shelves will have been installed by the beginning of the Summer Term. The opportunity afforded by the consequent rearrangement of the books will be taken to re-label the shelves more satisfactorily. Another asset to the appearance of the Library is the College of Heralds' grant for the new Coat of Arms, which hangs, suitably framed, on the wall. Many new books were acquired in the course of the term. In particular, we would mention the gift, by Mr. C. McCulloch, of three volumes on the technical aspect of photography which have been placed on the Science shelves.

THE EASTER TOUR TO THE CONTINENT The School tour this year differed from its predecessors in several ways. It took place in the latter half of the holidays, for various reasons, but chiefly in the hope of having a somewhat more advanced Spring. The numbers were larger, and the party consisted of 48 boys, with four masters. Another big difference was that the major part of the outward journey was made by air, in a Hermes aircraft, from Blackbushe to Basle. This was a new experience for well over half the party, though heavy cloud somewhat detracted from the pleasure and only occasional glimpses of the country were obtained. The tour centre was at Gsteigwiler, a village about 2 miles south of Interlaken, and 2,000 feet up. It is situated up the side of the Liitschine valley, which leads to Lauterbrunnen, and was set in the midst of grand Alpine scenery, with walking available all around. 17 A not-too-long walk made Interlaken accessible. This town has been called the "Clapham Junction of Tourism", the pleasant implications of which epithet are certainly true, for it is a splendid centre; the the unpleasant implications did not appear to us : we found it a pleasant town, with abundance of attractive shops and a welcome everywhere for the tourist. Admittedly we were there "out of season". The hotel is, of course, a major item in the success of any visit, and in this we were very well served. The "Pension Schonfels" had a friendly atmosphere, good food and pleasant bedrooms. It was probably the most comfortable encountered by any of our tours so far. Apart from some administrative difficulties right at the outset— possibly accountable for by the fact that we left on Friday the Thirteenth—the only drawback to the tour was the weather. It sounds bad to say that we saw Lucerne in light rain, Berne in moderate rain, Murren in heavy rain, and Grindelwald in a snow- storm, but that would give a false impression. Berne, with its arcaded streets, is not unsuited to a rainy day, and of course has a considerable charm at any time. We all made the long climb up the Cathedral tower and gained some idea of the view. We also heard the famous clock strike twelve. This was, perhaps, not quite up to expectation, possibly because so much has been written about it, though the fact that it has been thus for over 400 years must stir some feeling of romance in even the most blase tourist. Some visited the Houses of Parliament, some went to the Rifle Museum, some were content with window-shopping : no one can say that rain spoilt our day in Berne. Similarly with Lucerne. No doubt it is more attractive in the sun, but we had an enjoyable day there in indifferent weather. The "glacier garden", explained to us by the Director in fluent American, and its attached exhibition, were of much interest, and everyone had fun out of its strangely ill-assorted adjunct, the labyrinth of mirrors, relic of some nineteenth century exhibition. Murren and Grindelwald were frankly a great disappointment in themselves, for we could hardly stir out of doors, but the journeys were full of interest, especially the rack railway up to Murren. However, the time lost was really not great, for these were half-day trips, and the respective mornings were spent "free" in Interlaken, and walking from Lauter- brunnen to Trummelbach to see the falls from within, before the rain started. Enough of the bad weather. On the Sunday, in brilliant sun, we split into groups for walking. Two parties, with Mr. Lavender and Mr. Craven, went up towards Schynige Platte and after stiff climbing reached the Breitlauenen plateau at about 4,600 feet, where further progress was checked by the depth of snow. The other parties, under Mr. Le Tocq and Mr. Dodds, went to Saxeten by different routes and were rewarded with wide views over Lake Brienz and up the Liitschine valley to the Jungfrau Massif, and with intimate views of crocus-covered Alps, mountain chalets, forest and streams. A 18 tremendous amount of film was exposed, and no doubt when this is read the results will have been revealed : the best must inevitably be disappointing. Another very pleasant afternoon was spent on a lake steamer going from Interlaken to Thun, calling at Spiez and at a number of lakeside villages like Meslingen and Gunten. Thun itself is charming, with its dominating castle, lake shore, rivers, raised streets where one walks at first-floor level, its little arcades, and cobbled square, devoted, apparently, to hanging out the washing. On the way back, by rail, we caught a glimpse of the symmetrical snowy peak of Niesen pink in the setting sun. The last day, as it should be, was the best. We went to Kandersteg by bus in brilliant sunshine, and up the chair-lift to nearly 5,000 feet. Here, in two or three feet of glistening snow, party spirits were high. It is not reasonable to attempt here a description of the scenery; one guide book describes Kandersteg as having the finest setting in the Alps : this we are not competent to discuss, but it is not easy to imagine a better. No doubt all this is very much the Switzerland of the tourist, but we are not amongst those who despise tourism, and in any case those of the party who set out to learn something more of the country and its people had little difficulty in doing so. Language is little of a barrier, and the Swiss were all remarkably friendly and helpful. The only necessities are an enquiring mind, some power of observation, and a lack of shyness. Those whose interests are geographical were almost overwhelmed with examples of the work of glaciation and frost, and with man's use of what seems at first a harsh environment. The farmers, too, found much of interest, while for those keen on natural history we were late enough for the early Spring flowers, while waterfowl—great crested grebes, sheld-duck and commoner varieties—and kites and buzzards were to be seen, and we even caught glimpses of roe deer. Social contacts for those whose taste lies in that direction were not hard to make, and some of the party arranged an evening of Swiss folk music mixed with dancing which was enjoyed by all. Taking all in all, this must be regarded as one of our most successful tours. Perhaps we must accept that it is not possible to keep everyone happy all the time, but this tour was not too far short of that Elysium. For record purposes a dairy follows :- Fri., 13th April. Journey by rail to London, air to Basle, rail to Interlaken, bus to Gsteigwiler. Sat., 14th April. In Berne. Travel by coach. Sun., 15th April. Walks to Breitlauenen and Saxeten. Mon., 16th April. Morning : Lauterbrunnen and Trummelbach Falls. By rail. Afternoon : Murren. By rail. 19 Tues., 17th April. Morning : Interlaken. Afternoon : Grindelwald. By rail. Wed., 18th April. Lucerne. By coach. Thurs., 19th April. Morning : Heimwhefluh. Afternoon : Thun. By steamer and train. Fri., 20th April. Kandersteg and Blue Lake. By coach. Depart in evening. Sat., 21st April. Journey overnight by rail from Basle to Calais. Channel crossing in "Maid of Orleans". Back by rail via London.

THE CURIA Once again we must claim to have had a very successful term under the Chairmanship of Heap, who found himself in this position at only his third attendance. The first meeting of the term took the form of three 20-minute lecturettes delivered by three members of the Society. Morris spoke first on "South Africa's Problem", then the Secretary on "The History of Postmarks", and finally Walker on "Britain as a World Power". This last started a heated debate which was only curtailed through lack of time. The second meeting was a visit to the Theatre Royal. We saw the performance of an audacious comedy called "Birthday Honours", and were taken "behind the scenes" afterwards, where all was explained to us by Mr. Roye, the stage manager, to whom we are most grateful. At the third and last meeting we were invited by Walker to show our talent for impromptu speaking. He gave each of us in turn, either a character to defend or a situation to explain away. This proved most amusing, and after a most exhausting hour, Wilson and Le Pla were judged the winners and were given a further test of their plausibility concerning a certain Prince Rainier and a certain Grace Kelly. D. J.0.

THE DEBATING SOCIETY After the unusually high attendances last term it might reasonably have been expected that they would have continued at the same level. This, alas, was not so, and the attendances at the two closed meetings in neither case exceeded 55. The standard of the speeches was much the same as the previous term, but more than ever could it be rightly stated that the Society relies on a hard core of seasoned speakers who are always ready to offer their services. Apart from the first meeting, when three new speakers were introduced to the platform, only two maiden speeches from the platform were made. Though 20 four meetings were held, only six maiden speeches were heard, five at the first meeting of the term. The first meeting, "This House considers that British Railways have had their day", an open meeting, proved to be popular, no fewer than 118 people attending. The standard of speaking was on the whole high, though as always some speakers chose to pursue red herrings. C. R. Clough, seconded by T. D. J. Layfield, produced a somewhat unexpected slant on this motion. "Knock the 'British' out of 'British Railways' " he adopted as his slogan, and, helped no doubt by numerous instances of inefficient services and dirty carriages given by speakers from the floor, he nearly succeeded in winning his case. D. A. A. Lamb opposed, assisted by M. Veal, and showed that British Railways were still necessary for the transporting of freight, and argued in addition that the railways lessened road traffic and were being modernised. The motion was rejected by 60 votes to 52 with six abstentions. The subject of the second meeting apparently did not appeal to the majority of the School. In choosing the platform speakers it was necessary to fall back on four "old faithfuls" in the persons of R. G. Le Pla and T. G. Stephenson proposing and E. S. Portlock and R. D. Beckitt forming the opposition. The motion, "This House believes that there is no scope for the Pioneer Spirit in the Modern World", was rejected by 35 votes to seven, with seven abstentions. Le Pla urged that the "pioneer spirit" was different from the "spirit of adventure". The true pioneer was the man who faced the unknown with intrepid courage against great odds. The pioneer spirit had come into being through necessity, had fulfilled its purpose, and was now dead. Portlock then stressed the necessity of the pioneer spirit in the breaking of speed records and in the pursuit of modern-style progress. For the third meeting, "This House thinks that Fiction is Stranger than Truth", the attendance was again low. Mr. A. Craven, proposing, affirmed that truth was strictly confined to facts but fiction could give free rein to the imagination. He was seconded by D. J. Oldman, a newcomer to the platform. B. W. H. Carter, the Secretary, opposed, and postulated that the human mind was much stranger than the creation of one facet of it, this creation being fiction. R. N. Worsley seconded. The speeches from the floor did not reach a high standard but contrary to expectation were not all mere examples one way or the other. The motion was carried by 33 votes to 15, with five abstentions. The fourth and last meeting, at which the motion was "This House considers that Ignorance is Bliss", attracted a large gathering, influenced to some extent perhaps by the recent publication of Trial Examination results. D. M. Walker, having wrestled with Classics for some years with notable success, seemed to regret the struggle for knowledge and advocated the simple life, as lived by two fictional characters, "Ug" and "Ig". Knowledge, he urged, had provided the 21 world with the atomic and hydrogen bombs which many feared as a menace to the very survival of the world. C. R. Clough opposed, stating that the true purpose of life was the furthering of civilisation, which presupposed the advance of knowledge. R. B. Wilson and I. Wilson, the respective seconders, both distinguished themselves with fine speeches. All four speakers from the platform were giving their farewell speeches and acquitted themselves in excellent fashion. It is a sad thought that unless next year finds Clough still with us, or one to follow in his footsteps, the minutes will go unquestioned. The standard of the speeches from the floor was also high; in fact the standard of the whole debate was much higher than that of perhaps any of the previous debates of the season. The motion was carried by 62 votes to 41, with 26 abstentions. An interesting experiment was made one evening when a debate was held, concurrently with that of the Society, for non-members. This proved highly successful and a number of boys took the opportunity to pass through the ordeal of making their first public speeches. The main speakers were Butland, Beevers, Dornan, and Shearsmith, and the meeting rejected by a considerable majority a motion advocating the abolition of capital punishment. This meeting was encouraging as an experiment, and it is felt that more of the same kind would greatly strengthen the Debating Society itself.

THE SCIENCE SOCIETY This term saw a slight innovation in that on "House Nights" a senior member of the House concerned may now act as Chairman. So far, P. J. Netherwood, of Queen's, and R. D. Beckitt, of Temple, have acted in this capacity. There were four meetings this term, all of them "House Nights". The Manor provided the speakers for the first meeting. I. Wilson gave a talk on "Tobacco", in which he described the long series of processes between the harvesting of the tobacco, and the production of the cigarettes. He emphasised that the accurate control of water content at all stages is essential for the production of good tobacco. D. R. Procter lectured on the various types of "Microphones". He outlined the advantages and disadvantages of each type, while his assistant, J. M. Lennox, spoke through the various microphones to demonstrate their quality. T. M. Jenkinson explained the principles underlying the choice of "Colour in the Home". The basis of a good colour scheme is the colour circle, on which are arranged twelve colours. The relative positions of two colours on the circle decides whether they will harmonise or clash. Owing to illness at the last minute Queen's were able to produce only one speaker, C. R. Clough, and Mr. Burgon, a student master, kindly stepped in and gave a lecture on "The Moon". He expounded 22 the modern theory that the earth and moon were not originally one body. Then he described what it would be like to live on the moon. The landscape is very rugged, mountains and craters being present in large numbers. There is a temperature variation of 900°F. on the surface of the moon. The force of gravity is so small that a man could jump 25 feet off the ground. There is no air or water on the moon, and hence there can be no sound, weather, or life. C. R. Clough spoke about the "Yorkshire Ouse". He described the geography of the Ouse and its tributaries, telling us which parts were navigable. Then he proceeded to the industries carried on along its banks. The main portion of his lecture dealt with navigation on the Ouse. His experiences gained while sailing qualified him to speak on this subject. He has made a special study of barges, and gave a very detailed account of these craft. At the third meeting lectures were given by two members of Temple. D. A. A. Lamb lectured on "Electronic Computors". Computors are constructed of valves, which are so connected that they can carry out complex calculations in a fraction of a second. There is a fundamental difference between the computor and the human brain. The human brain uses the denary system of numbers while the computor uses the binary system. Then Lamb demonstrated very briefly the interesting features of the new film projector. E. C. Sedman gave a lecture on "Tropical Fish". He described briefly the setting up and maintenance of a tropical tank. His main theme was the classification of the commoner tropical fishes according to their breeding habits. He grouped the different species into four main categories, the live-bearers, the egg-layers, the labyrinth fishes, and the cichlids. Three members of School House spoke at the final meeting of the season. A. G. Hall spoke about "Better sight without glasses". He described the structure of the eye, and explained the causes of long and short sight. He told us that these defects could be remedied, either by glasses, or by a series of exercises, which cause the eye muscles to relax and change the shape of the eyeballs. Bad eyesight can sometimes be completely cured in this way without the use of glasses. L. T. Beaumont gave a talk entitled "From the sheep to the man's back". He told us how the wool is scoured after shearing, and how it is eventually spun into threads which are woven together on a loom to make the cloth. He described how clothes were manufactured. R. G. Le Pla talked about "Smoking and Cancer". He gave a balanced account of the evidence for both points of view, and suggested that the rise in lung cancer might also be connected with pollution of the atmosphere. He did not commit himself into drawing any definite conclusions. Throughout the year D. A. A. Lamb and K. Brown have operated the epidiascope and film projector at meetings. It is fitting that here, at the end of the season, the sincere thanks of the Society for their willing assistance should be recorded. D.G.B. 23 THE BRITISH SHIP ADOPTION SOCIETY The "Clan Stewart" discharged her cargo of sugar from Mauritius during our Christmas holidays, and then loaded a mixed cargo for Australia at Birkenhead and Liverpool. The outward passage was uneventful, and the main dates are :- Left Liverpool, 24th January. Passed C. Spartel, 28th January. Called at Aden for bunkers, 7th February. Called at Cochin to change Asian crew, 13th February. Arrived Sydney, 28th February. Arrived Brisbane to complete discharge, 25th March. The long stay at Sydney was caused partly by the number of ships delayed through the dock strike, and partly because of continuous rain which held up cargo working. The "Clan Stewart" loads at Newcastle and Sydney for Dunkirk, Antwerp, Glasgow and Liverpool. We had hoped that Hull would be one of the ports of discharge in order that we might be able to visit the ship, but it seems that our wish is not to be gratified this time. We are very grateful to Capt. Graham for sending us some clay figures from S. India, depicting Indian trades. These are remarkably faithful reproductions, and have aroused much interest. We have also received some specimens of sugar-cane from Capt. Graham, from Mauritius, which make a useful addition to the Geography Room collection.

CAREERS During the term two careers talks were arranged. The first, on the Bank of England, unfortunately had to be cancelled at the last minute. However, it is hoped to arrange for this talk to be given some time in the autumn. The second was given by Mr. Clegg, Solicitor to the British Transport Commission. His talk was most informative and entertaining, and dealt fully with the work of both the solicitor and the barrister. He stressed that the early years in both branches of the law are extremely arduous, but that the later years bring a full reward both mentally and financially. On 1st March a party of senior boys visited the Power-Gas Corporation in Stockton-on-Tees. Though this visit was primarily an educational one, it was so arranged that there was opportunity to find out about opportunities with a heavy manufacturing company. Power-Gas design and make equipment for gas concerns, for power stations, for chemical manufacturers and are playing an important part in the design and manufacture of equipment for the Atomic Energy Authority. Because of the nature of their work they can never mass-produce, and at all times the initiative and experience of 24 their staff are being extended to the full. As a company they are most friendly and helpful, and they are only too ready to interview any boy who might be interested in an engineering career. I paid a visit to the Institute of Actuaries and to Lloyd's on 7th March. Though the actuarial profession is a small one, it is expand- ing, especially now that actuaries are being employed by some of the large industrial organisations in this country and overseas. At the moment there are 697 Fellows of the Institute, 493 being in practice in this country and 204 overseas. Of the 493 in Britain, 388 are employed by life and other insurance offices, 32 are in consulting practice, 29 are in government departments, 18 are on the Stock Exchange and 26 in industry and commerce. Though a high standard is required in maths, it is not essential to have a maths degree in order to become an actuary. Full details about the various methods of entering the profession are available in the Careers Room. Lloyd's is interesting in that it provides the facilities for the carrying on of insurance work without actually undertaking such work as a corpora- tion. Business is done by underwriters, either singly or in syndicates, and the liaison work between the client and the underwriter is done by Lloyd's brokers, who have offices both in London and in the provinces. To become a broker a boy would have to approach one of these broker's offices to be taken on as a pupil. The main qualification for an underwriter is the possession of a large amount of capital, though a successful broker might find that he could find employment as an underwriter representing a "sleeping" syndicate. At the end of term I was visited by one of the directors of the Alpha Omega Farming System, which at present operates mainly in the West Country. The organisation has two main objects. The first is to breed Friesian cattle and Landrace pigs on Danish lines in order to increase yields. The second is to provide boys with an opportunity of entering farming who would otherwise be unable to do so for financial reasons, the capital needed to start a farm being so prohibitive. The training period lasts seven years, including two years' National Service. At the beginning of his cours eeach boy invests £1,000 (which is returned at the end of the course), which is used for buying breeding stock. During training he is paid a living wage and towards the end of the seven-year period he will be managing one of the System's farms. After this the System can almost certainly set up the trainee as a tenant farmer, complete with stocks. I can give further and fuller details to any boy who is interested. On the same day I attended a conference arranged by British Railways in York. They were keen to point out that, under the stimulus of the new development plan, the railway system of this country is now beginning to climb out of the doldrums. Undoubtedly there will be great opportunities in the next 15 years for both graduate and non-graduate trainee engineers with British Railways, especially in civil and electrical engineering. 25 During the holidays Mr. Jeffs and I attended a conference arranged by I.C.I. at Billingham and Wilton. These two divisions alone spent some £20,000,000 on capital development last year and the pace shows no signs of slackening. Though the opportunities for good science graduates are many and varied, it is perhaps not realised that an increasing number of arts graduates are being recruited, mainly on the commercial side. At the moment there is little real scope for the non-graduate, except in drawing office work, but we hope that the conference convinced them that they and the schools would benefit by extending their student apprenticeships to cover chemical engineering. Organisations like I.C.I. are now looking for much more than technical ability and scientific knowledge, even in graduates, and this change of attitude is reflected in the announce- ment of the I.C.I. Transfer Scholarships. These will enable selected students, who have not specialised in science at school, to spend an extra year at certain universities in preparation for reading for a scientific degree.

Information continues to pour into the Careers Room. Recent additions to the Careers File include information from the following :- British United Shoe Machinery Co., Ltd. Bell's Asbestos & Engineering Co., Ltd. British Electric Traction Federation—executive careers with road passenger transport companies. High Duty Alloys, Ltd. Horlicks, Ltd. Philips Electrical, Ltd. Atomic Energy Authority. Sun Insurance Office, Ltd. The Power-Gas Group.

SHORT WORKS COURSES. That the value of these courses is now being realised in the School is shown by the fact that 16 boys applied for places during the Easter holidays. Fifteen were successful, 13 being offered places on their first-choice courses. The courses attended covered banking (Lloyd's Bank), automobile engineering (Rootes Group), aeronautical engineer- ing (Blackburn & General), civil engineering (British Railways), electrical engineering (Midlands Electricity Board), electronics and radio (Marconi), mechanical engineering (British Railways), mining (National Coal Board), chemicals (I.C.I. Alkali Division), textiles (Tootals), and the retail trade (Lewis's and W. H. Smith & Son).

26 MUSIC

Chairman: F. WAINE, ESQ. Secretary: R. G. BEAN. Gramophone Librarian: R. G. LE PLA. Choral Soc. Secretary: R. N. WORSLEY. The Friday Lunchtime Gramophone Recitals have been continued, although poorly attended, and have maintained a good standard. R. G. Le Pla, in particular, gave some very interesting and instructive comments on Mozart's opera "Don Giovanni", from which he played selections. Other recitals have been given by N. J. Dick, T. Chilman, and the Secretary. On Friday, 24th February, Mr. Waine gave the inaugural recital on the Grand Piano wihch Mrs. Dronfield has so kindly loaned to the School. Amongst the large audience we were very pleased to welcome Mrs. Dronfield, who was attending a Music Society meeting for the first time. The following music was played :- Sonata quasi una Fantasia in C sharp minor, Op. 27 No. 2—Beethoven. Adagio sostenuto—Allegretto--Presto agitato. Romance in F sharp, Op. 28, No. 2—Schumann. Prelude in G minor, Op. 23, No. 5—Rachmaninoff . Reflets dans l'eau—Debussy. Polonaise in A, Op. 41, No. 1—Chopin. Movement perpetuel No. 1 (1918)—Poulenc. Mr. Waine's choice showed the piano in all its moods, from the fiery nature of the last movement of Beethoven's "Moonlight" Sonata to the meditative, impressionist "Reflets dans l'eau". Mr. Waine is to be thanked for the excellence of the programme and a special word of thanks should go to Mrs. Dronfield for making this fine instrument available to the School. THE SCHOOL CONCERT A concert by a school for the school can hardly expect to reach professional standard; and many people who find they can get better music out of a gramophone ask why we should go to so much trouble for an evening's entertainment. We do so because music is more than an arrangement of noises which can be mechanically reproduced : it is an art which expresses the best feelings of living people. To see the violinists in the orchestra bowing their violins industriously in a corporate effort to express an idea of Mozart's is to get an impression of the human importance of music which a record can never give. It is right that our musicians should spend so much time preparing their music for the rest of us because their work concerns us all : it is refreshing to be dragged from our gramophones to hear real people playing live music. "It was an awful lot of Mozart, but I think it was the best ever" was a comment I heard twice after the concert given on 10th March in Big Hall as a tribute to the memory of Mozart, whose bicentenary is being celebrated this year. Though it comprised solely the works 27 of Mozart, the programme was excitingly varied. The strings had their great opportunity in the Eine kleine Nachtmusik and made each movement better than the last. When the choir and orchestra joined for the two motets, Ave serum corpus and Splendente to Deus, they showed something of the rich complexity of Mozart's choral music and, in the first motet, its gripping dramatic power. The full orchestra played the Minuet from the Symphony in E. flat (No. 39) and accompanied B. Jones in the first movement of the Piano concerto in F. Jones played accurately and expressively and was comfortably supported by the orchestra. Jones and Bean sang the duet "La ci darem la mano" from Don Giovanni. This seems to have given more general satisfaction than any other piece that evening, and the next day the tune was being whistled throughout the School. Both singers showed complete understanding and ability to perform the music : theirs was a most thrilling performance. Wilson's violin playing had a pleasant freshness about it : Huger sang the Birdcatcher's Song from The Magic Flute and played a Bagatelle on the 'cello. P. S. Roe played the Fantasia in D minor for the piano and earlier in the programme Gomersall and Heap had shared the first two movements of the Sonata in C. These pianists showed the structural solidity of Mozart's writing for the piano. Heap's playing was especially firm, clear, and definite. One other soloist deserves mention. The numbers were introduced by a brief, interesting commentary by Le Pla, who in his dark blue suit appeared like a kind of animated Oxford Companion to Music and made a pleasant human link between the musicians and their audience. We are grateful to Mr. Waine and the other performers for their efforts to let us share their pleasures as music-makers. R.B.H. MUSIC SOCIETY MEETING On Saturday, 18th February, about 120 members of the School gathered in Big Hall to hear a discussion on whether we should be tolerant of other people's musical tastes. This matter has been debated before, but on this occasion the opportunity was taken of illustrating the points the speakers made with gramophone records of the music alluded to. Four speakers took part, representing various shades of opinion from tolerance to intolerance ranging from the hard-bitten classicist to the jazz fiend. Although each speaker had what seemed a liberal 20 minutes in which to make his points and play his illustrations, in fact all the speakers were hounded by the clock and most left their speeches un- finished. This was unfortunate as many important points were left out : for instance nobody played a recognised classic during the whole evening, either with a view to acclaiming it as a masterpiece or of exposing its aridity and dullness. 28 Of the four speakers, Mr. R. B. Handforth, N. J. Bell, M. L. Bywater, and Mr. A. D. Hart, perhaps the most memorable speech was made by Bywater whose plea for tolerance was well thought out and persuasively put across. He appealed to people to come to these things with an open mind, to look for what the composer is trying to say, and to face the fact that people are often afraid of what they do not understand. The meeting obviously helped to clear the air and it is hoped to follow it with others of a similar nature in future years. MOZART'S REQUIEM Even in the fiercest critic of Mozart's music, the Requiem must always provoke great interest because of its remarkable history. The mysterious way in which it was commissioned by a cloaked messenger created a strong supernatural impression in the mind of a sick and overworked Mozart. He was not to know that the messenger was merely a servant of a certain Count von Walsegg, who wished to pass the Requiem off as his own composition, and he became more and more conscious that he would never live to finish it and that he was writing it for his own funeral. One would expect the music to mirror the gloomy state of mind of its composer, but in fact it does not. The Requiem is a musical setting of the Mass for the faithful departed, and Mozart manages to be solemn and serious without being morbid or depressing. In fact, some of the numbers are lively, as, for example, the Dies Irae. Criticism can, however, be levelled at it for a certain unevenness : the second half seems to lack the inspiration and easy spontaneity of the first. But this may be due to the fact that Mozart died before he had completed it, and much of the music in the later numbers is attributed to Mozart's friend and pupil, Siissmayer, who, following the predetermined general plan and notes which Mozart had left behind, completed it after Mozart's death. The vexed question of the last number, which is a mere repetition of the end of the first, has been much debated and to most of us it formed an unsatisfying and indefinite conclusion. Our performance was given on Thursday, 22nd March, at 6-30 p.m. in Chapel, where full use could be made of the varied tones of the organ to supplement the string orchestra—a scheme which succeeded admirably, the tone and blend of the combination being generally well-nigh perfect, though on occasion the joint volume was a little too strong for the Choral Society—and where the performance gained from the strongly religious associations of the building in a way in which it would not have done in Big Hall. Taken out of its context in this way it could not truly be called a religious service : but if the distinction can be made, it was certainly an act of worship. It was sung in the original Latin, which preserved a beauty not to be found in any English version, a translation being printed in our programmes, so that there was a negligible loss of meaning. 29 The Choral Society gave a spirited performance. In a small community the size of St. Peter's, one cannot expect to find a perfectly balanced chorus : the basses lacked that deep resonance of a professional choir; the altos tended to be weak in the more difficult parts and a little strong in the slower, quieter stretches. But these are minor blemishes and what was missing in ability was more than compensated by the obvious enthusiasm of the Society, the trebles, especially, giving a very lively account of their part. It was, perhaps, a pity that the School did not provide its own string orchestra and soloists, though, coming as it did only twelve days after, the School concert it is not surprising that the School Orchestra did not have time to practise this further exacting work. We would like to express our gratitude to the four principals, who, led by the exquisite performance of Miss Honor Sheppard, delighted us all, and to the visiting instrumentalists for the part they played in making the performance so successful an act of worship. D.B.I. and E.W.T.

THE FILM SOCIETY "The Oracle" was booked on the strength of its reputation as a product of Group Three, a recent British organisation dedicated to the production of films of quality at low cost. Fantasy is well suited to the medium of films and here the ancient Delphic oracle was re- discovered at the bottom of a well in one of the Western Isles of Scotland. Both the light and serious sides of knowing about the future were touched upon, but the fact that the voice of the oracle was Gilbert Harding's was a guarantee that the latter side did not become too serious. On the whole, the film justified its reputation. Before "The Marx Bros. at the Circus" was shown, I confidently announced it as the funniest of the Marx Bros.' films, but at second seeing the tediousness of the intervals between the brothers seemed to obtrude itself to the detriment of the inspired fooling when they were present. I came to the conclusion that to know what the Marx Bros. are going to do next robs them of half their effectiveness. Certainly, there were no complaints from the rest of the audience, who were seeing the picture for the first time. "Out of the Clouds", from the Ealing Studios, was also taken on its reputation and turned out to be only partly satisfying. No film that has London Airport for its main background with an additional trip to Rome and Cairo can fail to be interesting, and it is a commend- able idea to have an authentic background; the Americans have done it so often, even in B films, with the Coast Guards, the Postal Services, the Railways and, of course, the Police. The trouble here was that the background was so much better than the main story that was g-rafted on to it. 30 The best film of the term was undoubtedly the last one. "Bad Day at Black Rock" told the story of twenty-four hours in the life of a small community in the far west of America when a veteran of World War II steps off the transcontinental express to find the father of a soldier who had died in saving him. The film brilliantly catches the excitement of the day that followed. Taut dialogue, skilful under- playing of their parts by Spencer Tracy and Robert Ryan, direction that was almost leisurely between moments of swift action combined to create the necessary atmosphere of suspense. There were no concessions to "box-office" sentiment. The hero may be counted lucky to have survived, but the "Wild West" was stripped of glamour and shown as the repressed and petty-minded place that such isolated communities can be. In support films, thanks to the Rootes Organisation, we have been from Oslo to Lisbon in a Humber Snipe and round and about the Alps in a Sunbeam-Talbot. Very enjoyable ! Join the Film Society and see the world ! F.J.W.

THE YOUNG FARMERS' CLUB

Leader: K. G. COULTHARD, ESQ. Committee: M. L. BYWATER (Chairman), C. B. M. GREGORY (Vice-Chairman), R. R. BALDWIN ((Secretary'), S. J. S. WROE (Treasurer), D. N. BROCKLEBANK (Librarian), K. H. TAYLOR. The first meeting of the term was on the 26th January at which Mr. Potter gave a talk on "Poultry Farming". He said that there are three main ways of breeding poultry, namely : the Barn Door method, Individual Breeding and, finally, by Progeny Testing. On his farm they had 7,000 breeders and from them they hatched about 6,000 chicks per annum. They kept three main breeds, Light Sussex, Rhode Island Red, and Brown Leghorns. Mr. Potter used progeny tested poultry because they were the best layers, both for hatchability and egg production. The farm used special breeding pens which took one sire and 14 or 15 dams. When the eggs were laid they were put in an electric incubator and on the 18th day were sex tested and put on a hatching tray and on the 21st day the chicks were wing banded. On the 2nd February Mr. Dixon came to the Club to talk about the work done by the High Mowthorpe Experimental Farm near Malton. Mr. Dixon said that the farm he was on was one of the ten farms set up round the country to solve local problems. The farm had a nine-year rotation system of which three years were ley, four years cereals and two years root crops. One of the jobs of the farm was to test new cereals and this would take about three years. A new variety must give a good yield, be a good resister of disease and, for combining, the stalk has to be short, stiff and strong to stand up well. Of the livestock the main sheep were Suffolk crossed with Scotch 31 Half bred and Cheviot with Leicester. The cattle were : Friesian, Dairy Shorthorn and Ayrshire all intercrossed with either Aberdeen Angus or Hereford. The ley on which the cattle fed contained 5 lbs. coxfoot, 6 lbs. perennial grass, 2 lbs. rye grass, 2 lbs. white clover, and 2 or 3 lbs. of red clover. Mr. Dixon said they also kept about 50 pigs which were mainly Wessex crossed with Large White. On the 9th February Mr. Mason, an agricultural adviser from Fison's Fertilizers, brought along two films. The first film was called "A.B.C. of N.P.K." (Nitrogen, Phosphates and Potash). This showed why plants needed these elements. The nitrogen was, as it were, the nucleus of the plant, phosphates made good, healthy roots and potash made the plant healthy and gave it good quality. The film also showed that six hundredweight of fertilizer was equivalent to 10 tons of manure. The second film was called "Grasslands". This film showed samples of well fertilized and badly fertilized fields. The main things to keep a check on were drainage, lime deficiency, stock- ing, cuttings and boundary fences. The last indoor meeting of the term was a talk given by Professor Bywater on "Careers in Agriculture". Farming was the management of land and the cultivation of food, whereas agriculture could be defined as the science of farming. Farming was one of most important industries and it employed about one million people. As regards income, farming was a very complex industry with farms differing greatly in size. A farmer just beginning would earn about £500 to £700, whereas the big and good farmers would earn a great deal more. If an outsider decided to start farming he would need at least £5,000 capital to buy his farm without mentioning livestock. To enter farming a person should get a university degree or college diploma or spend a year at some agricultural school. The last meeting of the term, on 18th March, was a visit to Mr. Potter's farms. As we were being shown round the farms Mr. Potter pointed out the facts he had mentioned during his talk earlier in the term. There were three farms all linked together, and covering about 700 acres. After we had looked round all the poultry and housing which was so impressively laid out, Mrs. Potter gave the party a very refreshing tea. C.B.M.G.

THOMAS CRANMER, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY (21st March, 1956, was the 400th anniversary of his death) It was the dull, drab morning of 21st March, 1556. An old, white-bearded figure, clad only in a long white shirt, stood firm as a rock, chained to the stake in the ditch opposite Balliol College, Oxford. He had recanted his protestant views; he had acknowledged the Pope, which to him amounted to a denial of Christ. Then on 32 that morning strength had come to him, and he had recanted his recantations. It seemed almost as though, in the night, he had dreamt that he had been running to Rome and had seen the Light, and on asking "Quo vadis Domine", had received the reply, "To England, to be burnt", and had returned "ad vincula", and received Christ. Now as the tongues of flame licked up towards him, hissing their defiance at the rain, which seemed to be sent by the powers of dark- ness to quench the fire, and deny him his last, most glorious hour, he stretched out his right arm, holding the hand with which he had signed those denials of Christ, steadfastly in the flames, that it might first be burnt, as he had promised in St. Mary's Church, when he had finally renounced the World, the Flesh, and the Devil, Rome, the doctrine of Transubstantiation, and the Pope. Then, with a great cry of triumph, "Lord Jesus receive my spirit !" he was utterly consumed by the roaring flames, and taken from human sight.

Thus died Thomas Cranmer, Father of the English Church, whom some claim as a saint, and others condemn as a time-server. Yet in his last hour there was no wavering. Cranmer had served Henry VIII and Edward VI. Then came Mary. He had always been easy to convince; to him the sovereign had the right to choose his people's religion, to be supreme head of the secular church. Then came a sovereign denying that right, accepting the Pope as supreme head. Was he to stand by the sovereign or by his doctrine? That was Cranmer's dilemma. He was a weak man, but when his sovereign rejected him, his dilemma was resolved.

Yet how often, blinded by glory, do we fail to see the man? For after all Thomas Cranmer was a man. He was born, in the year 1489, the son of a gentleman, at Aslacton in the county of Nottingham. He learnt his early lessons under the rod of a brutal schoolmaster, whose severity is probably to blame for the timidity which troubled Cranmer all the rest of his life. Eventually he went to Cambridge, where lie was elected, in due time, a Fellow of Jesus College. On marrying "Black Joan", a kinswoman of the landlady of the Dolphin Tavern, a respectable house, so history has it, which was situated near Jesus College, Cranmer lost his fellowship and became reader at Buckingham College, later refounded as Magdalene College. His wife died after about a year, in childbirth, and he regained his fellowship.

At the age of forty lie took holy orders and the degree of doctor of divinity, becoming lecturer in divinity at Jesus. In the Summer of 1529, having met, in London, at the house of a certain Master Cressy, Dr. Gardiner, the King's Secretary, and Dr. Fox, the King's Almoner, Cranmer was sent for by the King, Henry VIII, who was troubled in the matter of his marriage, partly by his conscience and 33 partly by Anne Boleyn. The situation is neatly expressed in Shakespeare's "Henry VIII" :- Chamberlain : "It seems the marriage with his brother's wife Has crept too near his conscience." Suffolk : "No; his conscience Has crept too near another lady." Cranmer pointed out that if the Universities of Europe were consulted on the question, and gave a decision favourable to the King (and most of them could be bribed or coerced into doing so) then the Pope could not possibly still withhold the annulment. On hearing this, Henry boomed, "I trow this man has the right sow by the ear", and Cranmer was, at one and the same time, made and undone. For it was his part in the annulment of the marriage between Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII that led to his being created, on the death of Warham in 1532, Archbishop of Canterbury : it was his part in this affair which caused Mary to revenge herself on him in 1556 by deciding to burn him whether he recanted or no. At the time Cranmer was made Archbishop of Canterbury he had a wife in Germany, for he had taken for his second wife, Margaret, the niece of Dr. Andreas Osiander, the Lutheran pastor of St. Laurence's Church, Nuremberg (Luther having declared it permissible for the clergy to marry). After the Act of Six Articles, 1539, against which Cranmer raised a loud cry of protest, he had, however, to dismiss his wife, as by this act it was forbidden for the English clergy to marry. Cranmer went from strength to strength, or as some will have it, from weakness to weakness. One thing, however, is certain. He served all his masters well. In 1549 he produced the first English Prayer Book, his greatest work, probably the real profession of his own faith, which he amended in 1552 to suit Protestant criticism, and which was later largely adopted by his goddaughter, Elizabeth I, in the final settlement of the Church of England, and which is used to this very day. Cranmer was never a politician, as Wolsey had been, or at least not until the death of Edward VI, when he made the fatal mistake of supporting Lady Jane Grey against Mary; a mistake for which he was later tried, and convicted of treason. Above all things else, Thomas Cranmer was a man, indeed a weak and sinful man. It is in this very fact that his claim to the title of Saint is most firmly based. How much greater is the courage needed by the weak man to face a terrible death, than by the man already brave by his very nature. How much greater the courage needed by the weak St. Peter or the weak Thomas Cranmer, when they went to a martyr's death, than by the strong St. Paul or the strong Hugh Latimer in the same predicament. Let it be said of Thomas Cranmer, in his weakness lay his strength. Though like the shifting sands throughout his life, yet in his death 34 he was the rock; the rock on which the Church of England was built. Out of the flames of Cranmer's glorious end, there rose up, Phoenix- like, the glorious beginnings of the English Church. P. A. MORRIS.

C.C.F. NOTES Despite the recent recommendations of the Minister for War, it is noted that St. Peter's School C.C.F. still adheres to the old tradition of "spit and polish" as is evident from this extract from the weekly orders : "R.N. Basic will have a demonstration in boot cleaning". This term, as in others, there were the usual promotions and appointments. Among these were D. G. Barton, who becomes an S.S.M.; M. Carter and Hopwood, full sergeants; D. Kirby, the acting C.Q.M.S.; Scarth, the Armourer Sergeant, with Cpl. Le Pla as his assistant and Isherwood an Acting Cpl. in charge of shooting. The R.A.F. proficiency results proved to be quite good, and in the future the few old faces which have annually graced the examination room will no longer be present. The "Senior Service" Section has really excelled itself by obtaining its best-ever Leading Seamen and Petty Officer results. We would like to congratulate both the examinees and their instructors on these excellent results. Instruction classes have been held each Thursday at 1220 and will prove valuable when Certificate "A", Part II, is taken in the second week of the Summer Term. The good work being done by Sgt. Clough and his "livewires" of the Signals Section was made manifest in the excellent result of the "22 set" competition. This was achieved despite the temporary loss of a roof over their heads; but they carried on undaunted and unobtrusively as usual. Arctic conditions prevailed for a long period this term, and it is rumoured that the C.O. was most perturbed at the number of Senior N.C.O.s and others who suddenly had urgent business in the Company Office, where, by purest coincidence, there was a most efficient heater blazing merrily. We look forward to warmer conditions next term, with the formalities of the General Inspection and Summer Camp. R.N. SECTION Owing to the new intake which joined the Section at the beginning of term, the numbers were increased to 48 cadets, and consequently it became practicable to parade by Divisions once more. The main part of the term was taken up in preparation for the P.O. and L/S. examinations which took place on 28th February. 35 In these the Section can claim to have achieved no small success; 10 of the 12 cadets taking L /S. and nine of the 16 taking P.O. having passed the written examination. This last result is by far the best in the recent history of the Section. The remaining parades after the examination were spent on practical signalling and in preparation for the oral examinations which are to take place next term. The seamanship room has been systematically improved, thanks to the efforts of the stores ratings, A.B. Badham and 0/S. Sheldon, who are both showing a lot of keenness. In addition to the now routine flag procedure at the beginning of each parade, a Quartermaster is appointed each week, whose duty is to sound the "Still" as the flag is being broken at the gaff and sound the "Carry on" immediately afterwards. R.A.F. SECTION Flying Scholarships have been awarded to Warrant Officer Portlock and Leading Cadet Bytheway. We congratulate them, and wish them success in their training. We were privileged this term to have a visit by two pilots from Linton-on-Ouse. Flight Lieutenant Arnott, D.F.C., talked about his work as a day fighter pilot, and included some reference to his experiences in the Korean war. Flying Officer Parker talked about his work in all weather fighters. These talks were most interesting to all, and inspiring to many. The training programme has been made much easier by the issue of cyclostyled notes to each Cadet. For this idea we are indebted to Sergeant K. Brown, who voluntarily carried out every stage in the production of the notes. We are interested to know that Pilot Officer H. W. J. Rigg, who left the Section and the School in 1953, passed out of the Royal Air Force College, Cranwell, in April this year. We wish him success in his career. The Summer Camp will he at R.A.F., Shawbury, near Shrewsbury, Shropshire, from 31st July to 8th August.

SHOOTING This term, after one or two changes, the first VIII settled down to a more consistent rate of scoring, though one below the level of which we felt it was capable. The term's matches consisted of five school postal matches and the "Country Life" competition. Unfortunately two schools omitted to send us their scores. Results were :- King Edward's School 673. St. Peter's 654. Lost. Mill Hill 603. St. Peter's 649. Won. Bridlington 597. St. Peter's 651. Won. 36 The "Country Life" total was estimated at 652, with a further 174 on the landscape, a grand total of 826. Conditions have been made more difficult for this competition, and this makes the increase of 8 on last year's total quite creditable. It has proved difficult to find fixtures for the second VIII, and only one has been completed during the term :- King Edward's School 589. St. Peter's 627. Won. In "Country Life" the estimated score was 641, plus 148 on the landscape : total 789. The team has improved greatly, and, apart from the landscape is roughly equivalent to the School first VIII of a couple of years ago. Team averages for the season 1955-56 are given below. Butler has had a very good season and has been consistently good. This term we say farewell to Beckitt, who has been a valuable team member for four seasons. Our thanks are due to Hall and Worsley for under- taking the rather thankless but very important job of giving the fire- orders in "Country Life".

TEAM AVERAGES, 1955-56 1ST VIII No. of Highest Matches Score Total Average N. J. Bell •• • 9 88 741 82.3 R. D. Beckitt •• • 9 90 746 82.8 B. C. R. Butler •• • 9 88 768 85.3 A. J. Isherwood •• • 9 85 723 80.3 A. C. Stubbs •• • 9 87 734 81.5 J. R. Peverley ..• 6 86 494 82.3 K. H. Taylor ..• 6 84 485 80.8 M. A. Handler •• • 8 87 636 79.5

2ND VIII No. of Highest Matches Score Total Average R. B. Wilson 5 83 380 76.0 I. E. F. Morton 5 87 399' 79.8 J. R. Maxwell 4 83 311 77.7 D. A. A. Lamb ... .• • 3 85 233 77.6 M. G. A. Garbutt ... •• • 4 80 306 76.5 G. P. Lowley •• • 4 84 309 77.2 J. M. Lennox •• • 3 86 244 81.3 R. Baxter •• • 3 80 235 78.3 Minor colours are awarded for miniature range shooting, as hitherto, except for those who have already been awarded their major colours. Minor colours have been re-awarded to Beckitt and Stubbs, and awarded to Butler, Handler, Peverley, and Taylor. 37 SCOUTING SENIOR SCHOOL TROOP The term has been a short one of uneventful progress. A few Proficiency Badges have been gained, some First Class tests passed and a good deal of time has been spent in completing preparations for the Lake District tour, in which nearly all the Troop participated. An account of the tour appears below. The Scouts were busy, as usual, during "Bob-a-Job" week, which was at the beginning of the holidays, but the final total of money earned is not yet available. LAKE DISTRICT TOUR We were all very sorry to learn that Mr. Chilman would not be able to go with us this year, and thank Mr. Robinson for so ably taking his place. The party numbered twenty; three leaders and seventeen boys. We left York at 8-35 a.m. changed at Darlington and Penrith and at Threlkeld, the last station before Keswick, the "novices" with Walker and Mr. Bennett detrained and climbed Saddleback (2,847 feet). The "old hands" and Mr. Robinson went straight to Keswick and enjoyed themselves boating on Derwentwater. The novices arrived very late for supper, after a climb that was much more strenuous than they had expected. Early next day it was discovered that one bright specimen had left his camera on Saddleback and three members of the party spent the morning in recovering it. After crossing the lake by launch, one section of the party went direct to Buttermere, while the more energetic climbed Causey Pike, after which three of the tougher ones went on to climb Grasmoor. The Buttermere Hostel is a memorial to King George the Sixth and is splendidly equipped in every way. Next day—Friday—everyone went to see the 100 ft. waterfall, Scale Force, and the "flying squad" carried on up Red Pike and High Stile. From there they could see Black Sail, the most primitive hostel in the Lake District. Three of the hardiest boys decided to bathe in a tarn—but not for long ! The slower party ambled along Crummock Water and Buttermere and then up the pass to Honister Hostel at the summit. On Saturday the whole party climbed Green Gable and Great Gable (2,949 feet), except for a small group who climbed Kirk Fell instead by mistake. After lunch at the Sty Head pass, half of us climbed Scafell Pike (3,210 feet) whilst the rest returned via Seatoller, stopping for tea at Seathwaite Farm. On Sunday the route was by Stonethwaite and over Greenup Edge to Grasmere. The "flying squad" also included the Langdale Pikes and a few additional miles through faulty map-reading, eventu- ally arriving half-an-hour late for supper. 38 On Monday the whole party climbed Helvellyn (3,118 feet) by Grisedale Hause and Dollywaggon Pike. Two "peak-baggers" walked along Swirral Edge and added Catseye Cam to their collection. Then all made their way to the hostel along Striding Edge, though one member managed to arrive at Patterdale Hostel instead of Greenside and had an extra four miles to walk. On Tuesday we went down to Glenridding and over either the Kirkstone or Scandale Pass, while a few whose strength was not exhausted climbed St. Sunday Crag and Fairfield. That night at the Ambleside Hostel we started a sing-song which was much appreciated by the other hostellers, especially the two solos by Moat. On Wednesday we had the first sprinkle of rain as we made our way to Windermere Station for the journey home. To Mr. Chilman for his help in organising the tour and to Mr. Robinson, Mr. Bennett and D. M. Walker for leading us, all who took part in this most enjoyable hike are extremely grateful. A.D.B. SENIOR SCOUT TROOP Two more Senior Scouts, P/L. (S.) N. J. Magson and S. J. S. Wroe became Queen's Scouts this term, and they will attend the Chief Scout's reception at Gilwell Park in May, together with Oldman, Holt, Quickfall, Carolin and Burn. This is by far the biggest representa- tion the School Group has sent to such a reception. Three members of the Troop, K. A. Steel, J. M. Lennox and G. D. Parkin, gained the Ambulance Badge and have thus cleared the most important hurdle on the way to becoming Queen's Scouts. The Troop was represented by Second (S.) D. R. Holt and C. J. Carolin at the Annual National Scout Service held in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on Sunday, 22nd April. After this service Her Majesty the Queen took the salute at the march-past. Acting A.S.M. (S.) D. Pfluger read the lesson at the York Association St. George's Service, held in the Minster on Sunday, 29th April. During the term full meetings were held fortnightly, alternating with smaller training meetings. Towards the end of term the emphasis was on pioneering, and we successfully constructed a tree lift and crane. Next term we intend to concentrate on pioneering and hope to complete rather more ambitious projects. This term members of the Troop started to assist with First Class training at the meetings of a local Church group, and we hope to extend this type of service so that our Queen's Scouts may have the opportunity of putting some- thing back into Scouting. The annual Senior Scout camp was held this year during the Easter holidays. Though a disappointingly small number of the Troop attended this trek camp, it was an undoubted success. The party settled down quickly and, under extremely arduous conditions, pulled together with a complete absence of the acrimony which at times marred the summer trek camp, held under much more favour- able conditions. An "appreciation" of the Easter camp follows. 39 THE SENIOR SCOUT TREK CAMP The Pennine Way, Easter, 1956 "It will be tough, but not too tough for Senior Scouts." These words appeared on a camp circular issued last term and now, as we look back on our week's hiking, we fully agree with the first part, but some of us have doubts about the second. This trek camp will always be remembered for the indescribable weather which produced a varied repertoire of rain, sleet, frost, and gale-force winds which were our constant companions throughout the week. However, we dragged our trek-carts and ourselves from Hellifield to Barnard Castle and managed to maintain a high standard of living throughoutt. On Tueday, 3rd April, we set out from Hellifield at mid-day and covered the seven miles to Malham by tea-time. Then, in a burst of enthusiasm, we heaved our carts up a near-vertical slope to the top of Malham Cove and then traversed the tortuous limestone formations for a further two miles to Malham Tarn. The camp-site that night had hot water laid on ! During the night driving rain froze on our tents and those who slept were soon wakened by the crackling of the tent fabric. Next day we passed the Malham Tarn Field Centre and ascended the trackless slopes of Fountains Fell in a snow-storm. The nature of the ground was such that the ascent to 2,170 ft. took four hours and the descent 25 minutes. Those carts were not popular that day. When we reached Horton-in-Ribblesdale, it started to rain with in- creasing intensity, and half-past six found us on a local hill, in gathering dusk, looking for a non-existent camp-site. However we found a site by the river and in spite of the rain soon prepared a hot meal. It was still raining next morning, but it showed signs of relenting as we left Horton, dragging our sodden gear behind us. On our way over to Hawes we climbed upwards for seven miles along an old Roman road, and the rain was replaced by a bitter, freezing wind. It was, however, considerably more sheltered down in Wensley- dale, and we found an excellent camp-site just outside Hawes. Next day, Friday, was a rest day, and we did nothing but try to keep warm and think about the next meal. On Saturday the tempera- ture rose, but the clouds fell and so, after paying a scandalous 4d. to see the famous Hardrow Force, we climbed Buttertubs Pass in thick mist. We made such good time that day that we reached Thwaite in Swaledale at 2-30 p.m., and our objective, Keld, was only a couple of miles away, so we followed the true Pennine Way up a local hill named Kisdon. At 6 o'cock we were utterly lost in a waste of heather and bog, surrounded by stone walls and precipices, both antipathetic to carts. However, a suitable track was eventually found, and we shot down to Keld and camped on the first piece of flat ground. As usual, it was raining next morning as we made breakfast, but it brightened up a little later as we followed road and track over Stonesdale Moor to Bowes, where we found a transport cafe open. 40 Replete with hot tea and biscuits we set about looking for a camp- site, eventually finding one 2 miles back the way we had come. Next day, Monday, we made a rest day and we took the opportunity of visiting Bowes Castle and God's Bridge, a natural limestone formation. That night mysterious lights appeared on the moor, which we decided belonged to the Army who apparently inhabit that part of the world. Again it was raining when we got up next day, and this time it was obviously settling in for the day, so, after some deliberation, we decided to walk seven miles to Barnard Castle and go home the same day rather than walk 13 miles to Middleton and go home the next day. This was finaly decided when Mr. Coulthard found his sleeping-bag soaking wet. Rumours of sabotage were quickly hushed. We arrived in York at half-past two and if, perhaps, the camp was not always enjoyed it was at least appreciated, and at some point in the week the camp scribe was sufficiently "compos mentis" to produced a parody of a well-known popular song entitled "You pull 16 miles, an' whadd'ya get." D.J.O.

FENCING Fencing has flourished this term. There were many promising younger members, and it was found necessary to have two fencing classes during the week, as well as those on Sunday mornings, to cope with the increasing numbers. Two matches were held; both against York Fencing Club. SCHOOL v. YORK F.C. (Away). Foil: R. N. Worsley. Won 5; Lost 0. M. G. Hancock. Won 2; Lost 3. D. Anderson. Won 3; Lost 2. P. J. Burton. Won 1; Lost 4. J. N. Russell. Won 3; Lost 2. Result: School 14; York F.C. 11. Won. Epée: P. A. Morris. Won 1; Lost 3. J. N. Russell. Won 2; Lost 2. P. J. Burton. Won 0; Lost 4. M. G. Hancock. Won 2; Lost 2. Result: School 5; York F.C. 11. Lost. Sabre: R. N. Worsley. Won 2; Lost 1. P. A. Morris. Won 3; Lost 0. P. J. Burton. Won 0; Lost 3. Result: School 5; York F.C. 4. Won. In the return match at School the Foil team were defeated, but the Sabre team was strengthened by the return of D. J. Cook, who was injured for the first match, and increased their winning margin. 41 SCHOOL v. YORK F.C. (Home). Foil: R. N. Worsley. Won 2; Lost 3. M. G. Hancock. Won 2; Lost 3. D. Anderson. Won 1; Lost 4. J. N. Russell. Won 3; Lost 2. P. J. Burton. Won 1; Lost 4. Result: School 9; York F.C. 16. Lost. Epée: P. A. Morris. Won 2; Lost 2. J. N. Russell. Won 0; Lost 4. M. G. Hancock. Won 2; Lost 2. D. J. Cook. Won 2; Lost 2. Result: School 6; York F.C. 10. Lost. Sabre: R. N. Worsley. Won 2; Lost 1. P. A. Morris. Won 2; Lost 1. D. J. Cook. Won 3; Lost 0. Result: School 7; York F.C. 2. Won. It only remains to thank S/M. P. F. Power for his continued good work during fencing classes. R.N.W.

SQUASH The School Squash team was not as successful this term as had been hoped, no one really fulfilling the promise that he had previously shown. Even so, two creditable victories against school sides were achieved, against Doncaster Grammar School and Worksop College. Details of matches for the term are as follows :- SCHOOL v. YORK RAILWAY INSTITUTE (Home). D. Kirby beat G. Martin, 10-9, 9-0, 9-0. P. J. Netherwood lost to J. E. Fawcett, 5-9, 7-9, 4-9. P. S. Roe lost to J. A. Hannon, 0-9, 7-9, 4-9. J. M. Forster lost to E. Outhwaite, 6-9, 9-4, 6-9, 9-10. D. Wilkinson lost to G. Atkinson, 9-5, 10-8, 0-9, 4-9, 6-9. Result : Lost 1-4. SCHOOL v. DONCASTER GRAMMAR SCHOOL (Home). D. Kirby beat G. D. Broadhead, 9-5, 5.9, 9-7, 9-7. N. J. Magson beat A. R. Wormald, 9-5, 9-3, 9-4. P. J. Netherwood beat B. Mason, 9-5, 10-8, 9-7. P. S. Roe beat J. M. Gee, 9-5, 9-5, 8-10, 9-0. J. M. Forster beat B. N. Heald, 10-8, 9-3, 9-5. Result : Won 5-0. SCHOOL v. ABBEYDALE CLUB, SHEFFIELD (Away). (Many thanks must be extended to Mr. J. Biggin for arranging this match for the School.) D. Kirby lost to J. Biggin, 6-9, 4-9, 9-7, 5-9. N. J. Magson lost to F. Morrell, 8-10, 9-7, 6-9, 10-9, 4-9. P. J. Netherwood beat R. Greenham, 3-9, 7-9, 9-6, 9-7, 10-9. P. S. Roe lost to A. Shardlow, 7-9, 9-10, 7-9. J. M. Forster lost to C. W. Thompson, 1-9, 9-7, 8-10. 9-10. Result : Lost 1-4. After his match P. S. Roe was shown how to play squash the easy way as he had two games with Mr. J. H. Giles, the British Professional Champion. 42 The match against Barnard Castle was very disappointing from the School's point of view, for no one seemed to be able to settle down and play his normal game on a very fast court. Every credit must be given to Barnard Castle for having an extremely strong team. SCHOOL v. BARNARD CASTLE (Away). D. Kirby lost to A. J. Bosomworth, 2-9, 8-10, 5-9. N. J. Magson lost to C. H. Kipling, 5-9, 0-9, 2-9'. P. J. Netherwood lost to D. J. N. Bovill, 6-9, 0-9, 5-9. P. S. Roe lost to J. B. Pearson, 4-9, 0-9, 0-9. J. M. Forster lost to G. A. Camozzi, 0-9, 4-9, 0-9. Result : Lost 0-5. SCHOOL v. HULL CLUB (Home). D. Kirby lost to G. Thompson, 9-6, 9-4, 6-9, 0-9, 3-9. N. J. Magson beat K. R. Bull, 9-5, 9-7, 8-10, 9-0. P. J. Netherwood lost to E. S. Good, 9-10, 1-9, 9-6, 9-5, 6-9. P. S. Roe lost to D. Mace, 9-7, 4-9, 6-9, 6-9. J. M. Forster beat P. A. Clark, 6-9, 9-4, 9-6, 10-8. Result : Lost 2-3. SCHOOL v. YORK RAILWAY INSTITUTE (Away). D. Kirby lost to D. Oliver, 6-9, 7-9, 1-9. N. J. Magson lost to J. E. Fawcett, 8-10, 7-9, 8-10. P. J. Netherwood lost to J. Hannon, 9-4, 9-6, 3-9, 4-9, 7-9. J. M. Forster lost to E. Outhwaite, 9-10, 10-8, 4-9, 7-9. D. G. Macpherson lost to M. R. Curtis, 2-9, 9-5, 0-9, 0-9. Result : Lost 0-5. The final match of the term was against Worksop College and it resulted in a very fine victory for the School. SCHOOL v. WORKSOP COLLEGE (Away). D. Kirby lost to A. T. Grieve, 9-7, 3-9, 1-9, 5-9. N. J. Magson beat T. C. Jones, 9-4, 4-9, 9-5, 9-3. P. J. Netherwood beat G. Needier, 9-7, 3-9, 4-9, 9-1, 9-6. J. M. Forster beat R. A. Bradwell, 9-7, 9-0, 1-9, 9-5. D. G. Macpherson beat G. Readman, 0-9, 1-9, 9-6, 10-9, 9-0. Result : Won 4-1. D. Kirby was re-awarded his colours, and colours were awarded to P. J. Netherwood and J. M. Forster. The School competitions were completed this term :- OPEN FINAL. D. Kirby beat N. J. Magson, 9-2, 9-4, 9-5. INTERMEDIATE FINAL. D. G. Macpherson beat A. Gomersall, 9-5, 9-5, 9-6. JUNIOR FINAL. J. B. Robinson beat F. C. Beaumont, 1-9, 9-6, 9-1, 9-5. Grove won the House matches, defeating Rise 3-1 in the final. Details :- 1st Round : Grove beat Queen's, 3-1. Rise beat Temple, 3-0. Semi-finals : Grove beat Manor, 3-0. Rise beat School House, 3-1. Final : Grove beat Rise, 3-1. It only remains to thank Mr. Harding and Mr. Dodds for the time they have given to coaching and helping all the squash players. N. J.M. 43 CHESS Three matches were played, of which one was won and two lost. The first match, against York "A", held in the York clubroom, was lost, E. C. Sedman being the only School player to win. He put up a very fine performance in defeating Hinton, who only a week previously had played on fourth board for York. The calls of boating and hockey weakened the team against Worksop but despite this a creditable win was gained. The final match, against St. John's College, was very close, St. John's eventually emerging as the winners by a margin of only one point. Sedman again won, together with P. B. Clayton and R. F. Coates. Details :- v. York "A" (Away). Lost, 1-7. v. Worksop College (Away). Won, v. St. John's College (Home). Lost, 3i-4f.

The following played: B. W. H. Carter,* E. C. Sedman , D. M. Walker, H. W. H. Unwin,* P. B. Clayton, P. S. H. Jesper,* R F. Coates, D. T. Sparham, D. J. Cook, G. V. Plester, D. G. Barton, G. F. B. Mitchell. * Denotes those who played in all three matches. B.W.H.C.

SKI-ING HOLIDAY For our first experiment in the sport we stayed at Davos, a pretty resort in the mountains of Switzerland. On the first morning of our holiday, after a continental breakfast, we went into Davos to hire our skis, which we were to use every day for the next two weeks. For the rest of the morning we wandered round the town and gazed at the goods displayed in the shop windows. The prices of most goods except cameras and jewellery were generally higher than those in Britain. After lunch we went to the headquarters of the Ski-School on the Nursery Slopes and enrolled. This merely consisted of buying a book of 12 tickets, and after each lesson one ticket was torn out. Attendance at the Ski-School is naturally voluntary, and it is quite usual to go to the School in the morning and in the afternoon to practise what one has learnt in the lesson. That afternoon in Class I, I was taught how to stand up without falling down immediately, how to turn round while standing still, and how to go down a gentle slope and stop at the bottom without falling. The learner starts in Class I and as he improves graduates up the school, spending not more than two or three lessons in each class. Each day there were two lessons, each two hours long, one at 10-0 a.m. and another at 2-0 p.m. Ski-ing is not as hard as it might appear. Admittedly the learner falls down quite a lot, but the experienced ski-er also falls down occasionally, and in any case the snow is soft. In the first few classes the lessons took place on the easy Nursery Slopes, but in the higher 44 classes we made expeditions into the hills. In each successive class we were taught different and new things, and after a week we were capable of going down almost any slope, if we were careful. The afternoon lesson finished at 4-0 p.m. and we generally carried on ski-ing for another half hour and then went back to the hotel, changed, and if we could afford it went for tea at one of the small cafés. During the day it was very hot, but when the sun had gone down it became unpleasantly cold, so we did not ski very late. Our evenings were spent either at the cinema or playing cards in the lounge of the hotel. On New Year's Eve, however, we went to a dance at the local Casino. It cost us the staggering price of £1 merely to get into the dance ! It was worth it, however, as the Swiss make a great deal of the New Year. During the last few days, our lessons in the Ski-School became more than routine practice on the Nursery Slopes. We would go for the lesson up into the high mountains above Davos and ski back to Davos. Typical of these trips was the day we went up to the Strela pass. We went up the Schatzalpbahn which is rather like a cliff railway in Britain, and then changed to a long ski-lift which took us right up to the pass; from here we ski-ed down 2,500 feet back into Davos. On the day before we were due to return home we went out for a whole day's ski-run. We started at 7-30 and caught the first train on the Parsennbahn, which was very crowded; apparently we were not the only ones who wanted to get in a good day's ski-ing. We climbed the 4,000 feet to the top of Weissfluhjoch on the railway, and there we put on our skis and set off. We went on a very round- about route, and about lunchtime we came upon a restaurant in the middle of nowhere. There we had our lunch. This consisted of a packed lunch provided by the hotel, a great part of this lunch consisted of salami, a very highly seasoned sausage; it is very popular with the Swiss, but not with us British. The instructor did very well out of this, getting three lots of salami on top of his own lunch ! We then went up a ski-lift and set off on a long run down to Davos. Where it was steep and fast we zig-zagged down, and where it was gentle we went straight. It was a wonderful experience, even though at times a little scaring, as when we were going along a ledge with a sheer drop at one side ! Three hours later we were back in Davos, tired but very happy. We had ski-ed 15 miles. Next day we set off for home very sorry to leave, and equally determined to return some day, the sooner the better. K.B.

HOCKEY With an inevitability to which we are fast becoming accustomed the snow arrived in January after our second practice game and retained its grip until the end of February, although it did relent 45 slightly for one week, in which we were able to play two matches. With three in the last week of the season they comprised our total for the term—the same as last year. The accumulated effect of three successive bad Winters is now being felt, and some members of the 1st XI have played less than twenty games of hockey in their lives ! To expect a high standard in such circumstances is patently unfair and it is indeed remarkable how much progress can be made with so little practice. Thanks to the fine weather in the last three weeks of term and a generous decision to continue hockey, the beginners have been able to have more practice than has been possible in recent years and it is hoped that this will bear fruit. As regards the matches played, the only success was against Scarborough, who had played even less than we had. The team put up a very good fight against a strong Styx side, the half backs running themselves into the ground. We were fairly beaten by Worksop and Trent and drew a poor game with Bridlington, in which the forwards missed countless opportunities to win the match. The strength of the team lay in the halves, all members of last year's side, and it was very unfortunate that Clayton, who was playing very well, had to miss the last two matches after breaking a bone in his hand at Worksop. He had saved the situation on numerous occasions by covering the backs and had developed a good cross pass. Kirby did a great amount of work in the centre and usually hit the ball beautifully, whilst Magson, although inclined to hang back too far, generally played very steadily at right-half. Of the backs Netherwood was the stronger and improved during the season, but he was sometimes painfully slow in clearing. Roe also suffered from this fault and was too often caught out of position. Bell was finally given the goalkeeper's place in preference to Worsley on account of his superior judgment in coming out, but both were well up to standard. The forwards were, as so often, a disappointment. Pfluger, the captain, always worked hard and made many openings but had little support. He captained the side enthusiastically and the experience should stand him in good stead. Brocklebank, a terrier-like centre- forward, tended to err on the side of over-enthusiasm and to chase his own passes to the wing intead of getting into position to receive the return—possibly this only reflected his opinion of the wingers ! Hopper showed promise on the left wing, but illness caused him to miss the vital week at the end of the season, and Wilkinson, who had developed into quite a good outside-right, was put on the other wing and filled the position as competently as could be expected. Irvin might have been dangerous on the right wing if he had had better service, as he ran and centred well, but Richards, his inside, was rarely able to control the ball sufficiently to give accurate passes. In Clayton's absence Wilson did service at left-half—although his ability 46 as a rugger forward tended to mar the delicacy of his hockey, he was quite effective in a difficult position. For the 2nd XI to have played four matches in such a severe season was indeed fortunate, but there was no real opportunity to practise effectively and make a balanced team. Individual efforts rather than team-work produced results which look impressive, only the match against Worksop being lost. Rather than mention individuals, it would be fairer to make the general observation that this year's XI showed more promise than any for some years. This promise was most notable in the readiness of the forwards to keep up their attacks. The teams were composed as follows :- 1st XI—N. J. Bell; P. S. Roe, P. J. Netherwood; N. J. Magson, D. Kirby, P. B. Clayton; D. B. Irvin, W. N. Richards, D. N. Brocklebank, D. Pfluger (Capt.), D. Wilkinson. 2nd XI—R. N. Worsley; M. Collins, A. J. Isherwood; R. B. Wilson (Capt.), M. A. Jones, D. T. Sparham; R. H. Thorp, P. J. Ladd, I. N. Ridley, M. D. Fish, K. A. Hopper. C. J. Woolley, M. Ruddock, P. B. Burbidge also played for the 2nd XI. RESULTS 1st XI 8 Feb. v. Styx H.C. ... Lost 1-7 11 Feb. v. Bridlington School ...... Drawn 2-2 29 Feb. v. Worksop College . ... Lost 1-5 2 Mar. v. Scarborough College ... Won 4-2 3 Mar. v. Trent College ... Lost 1-3 2nd XI 11 Feb. v. Bridlington School ...... Won 4-1 29 Feb. v. Worksop College ...... Lost 0-3 2 Mar. v. Scarborough College ... Won 5-0 3 Mar. v. Trent College ... Drawn 1-1

EASTER TERM RUGGER For the second year in succession, the Easter Term Junior Rugger programme was seriously interrupted, and neither of two matches was played. Enough, however, was seen of the talent available to justify the conclusion that there was nothing lacking in enthusiasm and promise for the future. There was much speculation as to the likely XV, and selection would undoubtedly have been made from the following 18 players :-- C. W. Gough, T. A. Dukes, M. W. Woodruff, P. N. B. Smith, J. W. S. Gale, L. H. K. Mackay, G. A. Pacitto, M. Precious, E. M. H. Ranson, C. W. A. Groundwater, R. A. Martin, P. M. Beachell, A. W. Raylor, D. H. Fletcher, M. J. Bond, W. J. Bottomley, D. P. Coles and D. N. Kendall. As the years pass by, it will be interesting to follow their progress. 47 ATHLETICS To the would-be spectators, at any rate, the decision to cancel the cross-country race this year was much regretted. To many competitors, however, it must have come as a considerable relief. A postponement of the event brought no break in the severe Winter, which for weeks on end had created impossible conditions underfoot, on the Ings particularly. In spite of all there was to contend with, many seasoned campaigners had trained fully, and a keen contest for the Goodburn Cup was anticipated; but the list of entrants contained the names of many newcomers to the sport, a factor which had much influence on the decision. Prospects of any athletics at all indeed looked gloomy, to say the least, as the first week of March approached. In fact some hope- fuls even inaugurated a whispering campaign to the effect that Standards were off, but they were wrong. Infact, as rarely happens, Standards got into motion on the very first day appointed for them, and it was non-stop from then on throughout the competition—not an hour being lost. It must be admitted that such a compressed and concentrated form of competition is far from ideal, nevertheless after such an immobile and frustrating term the sight of so much activity by so many was very heartening. History repeated itself. The Rise again displayed that complete ascendancy in athletics over all their rivals which they have now shown every year since 1950. The Grove were always in pursuit, but the pace set was too hot, and other Houses were altogether out of the running. Individual outstanding performances were again plentiful and the following achieved maximum points :—in Set A : D. Pfluger (G.); in Set B : M. L. Bywater (M.); in Set C : S. S. Hobson (G.), J. A. Bygate (Q.), J. B. Mathews (R.), and R. T. Burdon (R.); in Set D : A. May (M.), J. J. Rhodes (S.H.), and M. Precious (T.); and in Set E : P. N. B. Smith (S.H.). By Sports Day the usual preliminary heats had been held, and both mile races had been run off. In heavy and cold conditions, both these times were reasonably good, and by winning the Intermediate mile unchallenged, J. A. Bygate was only 2 secs. outside the record time of 5 min. 8.2 sec. established by J. T. Ankers in 1949. The weather on Sports Day itself was again cold and cheerless, but the general standard of performances was well maintained. Both Junior and Intermediate 100 yd. winners returned times of a second outside record times. The general level of high jumping showed a marked improvement, and it was refreshing to see four boys clear 5 ft. in the Senior event. The method and style of jumping it still somewhat suspect, but R. R. Baldwin's clearance of 5 ft. to win the Intermediate event proves once again what can be achieved by the Western Roll method in a single year with an intelligent approach to the technique. Again, practice had helped to perfect the long jump run-up, and few "no-jumps" were called, yet the standard of jumping 48 was not good. The School House Junior Relay team failed to achieve a record by of a second, yet they gave ample proof of their talent- a sign surely that the tide is turning for the House. Finally two new School records were established. P. N. B. Smith threw the cricket ball in the Junior event the prodigious distance of over 81 yd., almost 5 yd. more than R. C. Hopkinson's previous record, and R. R. Baldwin lopped off a fraction of a second from the Intermediate half mile record, which was originally set up by J. T. Ankers in 1949. With all due respect to the new record-holders, it would have been interesting to have seen the winner and the time recorded in this race if J. A. Bygate had been a runner. Unfortunately he was unwell, but one has only to recall the ease and margin of his victory over R. R. Baldwin in the mile race to realise the possibilities. Throughout the meeting, which was conducted with its usual smoothness, the Rise had been forging ahead in points, and after a stern struggle with School House it was the Grove who proved to be the runners-up. INTER-HOUSE ATHLETICS Saturday, 24th March, 1956 Points from Standards : Rise 200; Grove 188; Manor 177; School House 167; Queen's 161; Temple 146. Senior Mile : 1. Scarth (R.); 2. C. D. M. Wood (M.); 3. Wilkinson (R.) : 4. Bywater (M.). Time: 4 min. 59.6 sec. Inter. Mile : 1. Bygate (Q.); 2. Baldwin (R.); 3. Cook (R.) ; 4. Hobson (G.). Time : 5 min. 10.4 sec. Senior 100 Yards : 1. Portlock (R.); 2. Fish (G.); 3. Irvin (R.) ; 4. Sparham (T.). Time: 10.6 sec. Junior 100 Yards : 1. Rhodes .(S.H.); 2. Slade (Q.); 3. J. M. Smith (T.); 4. Moore (S.H.). Time : 11.5 sec. Inter. 100 Yards : 1. Howard (R.); 2. Macpherson (S.H.); 3. Maxwell (G.); 4. Mathews (R.). Time : 11.0 sec. Senior High Jump : 1. Pfluger (G.); 2. Bywater (M.); 3. Miers (G.); 4. Brocklebank (M.). Height : 5 ft. 2 in. Junior Long Jump : 1. Cormack (R.); 2. Grainger (T.); 3. P. N. B. Smith (S.H.); 4. J. M. Smith (T.). Distance : 16 ft. 2 in. Inter. Half Mile : I. Baldwin i(R.); 2. Newitt (T.); 3. Cook (R.) ; 4. Middleton (S.H.). Time : 2 min. 17.0 sec. School Record. Senior Half Mile : 1. Scarth (R.); 2. Wilkinson (R.); 3. Wood (M.); 4. Heap (Q.). Time : 2 min. 12.7 sec. Senior 220 Yards : 1. Portlock (R.); 2. Fish (G.); 3. Pfluger (G.); 4. Irvin (R.). Time : 25.2 sec. Inter. 220 Yards : 1. Howard (R.); 2. Mathews (R.); 3. Maxwell (G.) and Jenkinson (M.). Time : 26.0 sec. Junior 220 Yards : 1. Rhodes (S.H.); 2. Slade (Q.); 3. J. M. Smith (T.); 4. P. N. B. Smith (S.H.). Time : 27.0 sec. Senior Long Jump : 1. Fish (G.); 2. Stubbs (R.); 3. Bywater (M.); 4. Jones (Q.). Distance : 18 ft. 2 in. Inter. High Jump : 1. Baldwin (R.); 2. Macpherson (S.H.); 3. Crowther (Q.); 4. Hobson (G.). Height : 5 ft. 0 in. 49 Junior Cricket Ball : 1. P. N. B. Smith (S.H.); 2. Slade (Q.); 3. Precious (T.); 4. Cormack (R.). Distance : 81 yd. 1 ft. 4 in. School Record. Inter. 440 Yards : 1. Mathews (R.); 2. Howard (R.); 3. Wheeler (G.); 4. Crowther (Q.). Time : 59.2 sec. Junior 440 Yards : 1. Hayes (T.); 2. Moore (S.H.); 3. Ibberson (R.); 4. Beaumont (S.H.). Time : 64.0 sec Senior 440 Yards : 1. Bywater (M.); 2. Pfluger (G.); 3. Robinson (S.H.); 4. Burden (R.). Time : 57.3 sec. Inter. Long Jump : 1. Macpherson (S.H.); 2. Wheeler ,(G.); 3. McCallum (M.); 4. Hopkinson (R.). Distance : 17 ft. 8 in. Junior High Jump: 1. Rhodes (S.H.); 2. Gough (R.); 3. Robinson (S.H.); 4. M. May (M.) and Clifford (Q.). Height: 4 ft. 8 in. Junior Relay (4 x 110 yd.): 1. School House; 2. Temple; 3. Manor; 4. Queen's. Time : 52.4 sec. Inter Relay (110 x 440 x 220 x 110 yd.): 1. Rise; 2. Grove; 3. Manor; 4. School House. Time: 1 min. 53.6 sec. Senior Relay (110 x 440 x 220 x 110 yd.): 1. Grove; 2. Rise; 3. School House; 4. Manor. Time : 1 min. 48.8 sec. House Placing : 1. Rise, 299 points. 2. Grove, 2371 points. 3. School House, 227 points. 4. Manor, 208 points. 5. Queen's, 1821 points. 6. Temple, 171 points.

CRICKET FIXTURES, 1956

1st XI 2nd XI 'Under 16' 'Under 15' Colts XI Colts XI Sat. May 12 Clifton C.C. Ashville Coll. ... A Drax G.S. A Wed. „ 16 York C.C. H Sat. „ 19 1st Round Junio r H ouse Matches Wed. „ 23 Bootham Schl. A Sat. „ 26 Giggleswick H Giggleswick A Manchester H Pocklington A School School Boys XI School Sat. June 2 Worksop Coll. A Worksop Coll. A Worksop Coll. H Worksop Coll. H Wed. „ 6 Durham School A Durham School H Durham School H Sat. „ 9 Leeds G.S. A Leeds G.S. H Leeds G S H Wed. „ 13 Ampleforth H Ampleforth A Ampleforth H College College College Sat. „ 16 Bradford G.S.... H Bradford G.S. A Bradford G.S. A Wed. „ 20 M.C.C. Semi-Final, Juni or House Match Sat. „ 23 Yorkshire Semi-Final, Ju ' Or House Match Gents. C.C. Wed. „ 27 1st Round, Seni Or House Matches Sat. „ 30 Semi-Final Seni Or House Match Final, Junior Ho use Match Wed. July 4 Semi-Final Seni or House Match Giggleswick A School Sat. „ 7 Craven Gents. H C.C. Sat. „ 14 Final, Senior H ou e Match Bootham Schl. Wed. „ 18 Staff & Boys XI • R.A.F., Linton Sat. „ 21 Bootham Schl. A Bootham Schl. H Minster Choir H Schl. Old Boys Wed. „ 25 T. H. Hobson's A XI Fri. „ 27101d H Sat. „ 28 f Peterites

50 THE BOAT CLUB This has been one of the pleasantest term's boating in several respects, first and foremost because of the fine state of our fours on their return from the repair shops of Erik Brown of Durham. Never has there been a term when so little maintenance has been necessary. The overhaul of our four clinker fours has been a suitable moment to convert all boats to swivels, and the Boat Club has settled down well to this change—a change which brings us into line with modern tendencies. All regatta events from this year on will be rowed with swivel rowlocks so we shall be well prepared for the change. At the beginning of the season it was found that the deterioration in the steps down to the river, after their many years of service, forced us to abandon boating when the river was at a certain level and to launch a boat it was necessary to step into mud and water. It was decided to rebuild these steps, and this has been done, largely with the aid of wagon soles bought from British Railways. With the renewal an extension was also made, and we now have a length of forty-two feet of steps at the top besides the path and seventy to eighty feet at the river's edge. Although all the timber used has been second-hand it is confidently expected that the new steps will last for twenty or thirty years. They have been constructed in such a way that a replacement will not be difficult. At a recent meeting the Governors passed a resolution that the Senior rowing in the School should be done in Eights. This will require a sideways extension to the boathouse and the acquisition of two Eights. These proposals will be implemented in the near future. There are several advantages to be gained from this decision. In 1946 we had our last fixture with Oundle because from then on they rowed their Senior crews in Eights; more recently Nottingham High School and Durham School have been rowing in Eights, the latter somewhat surprisingly as it has only recently been found that it is possible to race an Eight through the hard arch of Elvet Bridge. The acquisition of Eights may, therefore, help us increase our fixture list and bring us nearer to every oarsman's dream of an appearance on the Thames at Henley or one of the lesser regattas. Another advantage is that in any period of time it will be possible for twice as many boys to be on the river or, alternatively, the same number of boys can have twice as long. This is more important than it seems, for the constant demand is for longer outings. Many of the Junior members of the Boat Club do not have as frequent outings as could be wished and any cure for this complaint is welcome. The term's boating considered in detail shows an increase in the overall standard of rowing. Concentration on the pull of the blade through the water has improved speed, and it will be interesting to see how the School crews respond to this next term. 51 The House Races had to be postponed on account of bad weather and flooding, and when they were eventually held they were sand- wiched in during the Trial Exams.—not an ideal arrangement and one which we hope will not be necessary next year. The Senior Division was won by Queen's and if they seemed to win every race by a big margin it must be remembered that Heap was stroking the boat, that this was his fourth (and first successful) final and that he was determined to win. This he did by a most powerful and effective start with a continued drive all down the course. He deserves great credit for the way he coached his crew. In the Junior Division the Boating Cup went to the Grove for the first time in the history of the House. On the whole the Junior Division produced better racing than the Senior, but both divisions showed good form. The extension of the boating and hockey season has allowed the probable 1st IV for next term to have one or two practices and also enabled a number of keen boaters to make up for lack of outings during the term. RESULTS OF HOUSE RACES SENIOR DIVISION. Preliminary Round: Grove beat Manor; Queen's beat School House. Semi-finals: Rise beat Grove; Queen's beat Temple. Final: Queen's beat Rise. Winning crew: Bytheway, Whitmore, Hopwood, Heap; Beresford.

JUNIOR DIVISION. Preliminary Round: Temple beat School House; (The Queen's crew scratched). Semi-finals: Grove beat Manor; Rise beat Temple. Final: Grove beat Rise. Winning crew: Crossley, Quickfall, Dick, Wheeler; Wright.

52 THE JUNIOR SCHOOL First of all we should like to offer our sympathy to Miss Gypson, whose father died shortly after the end of term. He had been ill for some time, but his death came as a great shock. When looking over last term, one is surprised at the great number of things which happened in so short a time. As soon as the General Knowledge was over and done, the "Rookeries" started, and many of the more enterprising stall-holders had made their fortunes in marbles before the ice and snow descended upon us. Then sliding, generally in the most unsuitable places, was the order of the day. After this cold spell, the thaw came quickly, and we just had time to play our one rugger match and be overwhelmingly defeated by St. Martin's before more snow than ever descended upon us, and boxing was the only alternative to somewhat boring walks. The inter-House boxing resulted in a tie for first place between Ainsty and Elmet, with Alcuin one point behind. This year we gave points for the preliminary bouts, and chose the best and closest fights for the finals. Until nearly the end of February we were unable to play further games, but the fine weather in March gave us just enough time to complete the rugger and soccer House matches, as well as run off the cross-country events. Alcuin won all their Senior rugger matches, and so gained the shield. Elmet had no difficulty in defeating their rivals in the Middles matches, which speaks well for their chances next year, and Wentworth carried off the honours in the Junior events. The cross-country was won by Ainsty, with Wentworth a very close second. We ran the competition on the usual lines, each House running against the three other Houses in a league, and with a grand all-against-all championship on the last day. This seems to be as good a way as any of giving everyone exercise when there are not enough playing-fields to go round or when the grounds are unfit for play. This has been the season of "selection exams.", and candidates have been kept hard at it this term. Boys have been pitting their brains, with varying success, against the wiles of no fewer than twelve different education authorities. No definite results are yet known, but we do know that several boys have already fallen by the wayside. The health of the School, probably owing to the bad weather, has suffered a little. There has been no real epidemic, but for a very long time the sanatorium has been full or nearly full. We have never had as many as fifty boys away at once, but some two-thirds of the School has had at least one spell of absence, and several boys have had either a second whack of the same germ or else caught a rival disease after recovering from the first. 53 There has been one lecture, "Kangchenjunga Climbed", by Mr. George Band, which was greatly enjoyed by all of us. The slides were wonderful, and we were quite breathless at the speed with which we were taken up and down that mountain. Our concert was one of the shortest, sharpest, and sweetest on record, for in under threequarters of an hour all the forms had sung, both pianists and violinists had been put through their paces, and the Choral Society had rounded off a very pleasant and varied programme. The Choral Society is a most successful innovation, open to all boys in the School who are interested. Another innovation has been the formation of a Sunday choir, which has done much to improve the singing in Chapel. This choir sat in the nave choir stalls in the Minster during the Epiphany service. We now have a shortened order for Morning Prayer each Sunday instead of the old more informal service. On Palm Sunday we had the usual distribution of palms, followed by the reading of the gospel for the day in parts. No fewer than sixteen candidates were prepared for confirmation by Mr. Pickard and all except one, who was ill, were confirmed by the Bishop of Selby on 15th March. At the end of term we said goodbye to Mr. Jamieson, who has spent the last two terms with us as a temporary master. We wish him the very best of luck in the future, and we shall long remember him for his originality of thought and his great calm, which enabled him to carry on as usual through all disturbances. VALETE (Easter Term, 1956) D. C. Wilkes, Ainsty, J.vC. ST. OLAVE'S CROSS-COUNTRY After the league had been run, it was clear that there was going to be a stern struggle for the shield between Ainsty and Wentworth. Wentworth, with their keen pack of Seniors, were the obvious favourites for that event, but Ainsty's Middles and Juniors were better, and it finally transpired that Ainsty won by the odd joint. Armstrong, followed at a respectful distance by Humpherson, Watson, M. H., and Middleton in that order, proved that he was an unbeatable Senior. For the Middles, Wilkinson was unbeaten, too, throughout the season, and he had little difficulty in defeating his nearest rivals, Holgate, Carr, and Alexander Brining. In the Junior events Cloughton had won all three leagues, but he had an off-day and was unable to do better than 4th in the championship, Shannon, M., Hetherton, and Gilderdale all beating him. The following is a summary :- CHAMPIONSHIP House League Juniors Middles Seniors Total Ainsty 6 3 2 2 13 Wentworth 6 2 1 3 12 Elmet 4 1 3 1 9 Alcuin 2 0 0 0 2 54 ST. OLAVE'S BOXING Result of Preliminary bouts—Ainsty 11, Alcuin 9, Elmet 8, Wentworth 5, Scoring : Two points for a winner, one point for a loser.

CONTESTS U. A. Alexander (Wentworth) beat M. A. Abel (Ainsty). J. C. Lacy (Elmet) beat D. H. Rhodes (Alcuin). C. I. D. Tomlinson (Wentworth) beat R. B. Daniel (Elmet). J. R. Coles (Alcuin) beat W. J. B. Ward (Ainsty). G. R. Monfort (Elmet) beat M. Sutcliffe (Alcuin). T. E. Giddings (Elmet) beat L. P. Dobson (Wentworth). R. L. Bruce (Alcuin) beat J. R. Brown (Wentworth). M. F. Pheasey (Ainsty) beat R. G. Armstrong (Wentworth). P. E. Jackson (Elmet) beat M. Shannon (Wentworth). M. Pickard (Ainsty) beat J. G. Wright (Alcuin). G. F. Eastaugh (Alcuin) beat G. W. Cloughton (Ainsty). G. A. Hart (Elmet) beat G. Gildener (Ainsty). Final Scores :—Ainsty and Elmet 13. Alcuin 18. Wentworth 12. Major M. B. Marwood, 0.P., kindly acted as referee, and R.S.M. Marshall and Sgts. Webster and Heller were our most efficient judges. After the contest Major Marwood said that he was very pleased at the high standard of performance and congratulated R.S.M. Power on his coaching. This year, there was a little comic relief when six volunteers engaged in one minute's blindfold boxing. This would have delighted the heart of St. Paul as an illustration to his exhortation to the Corinthians that each one should fight "not as one that beateth the air". WORK SHIELD—EASTER TERM Ainsty 9.06; Wentworth 8.34; Alcuin 8.15; Elmet 8.11.

GAMES CUP Event Ainsty Alcuin Elmet Wetztivosth Boxing 24 24 — Football ... 1 0 6 3 Cross-country 10 3

OLAVITE INVASION OF THE LAKE DISTRICT For the first time a large party of Olavites, aided and abetted by Messrs. Cooper, Gaastra and Pemberton, descended like a wolf on the fold upon the unsuspecting inhabitants of the Lake District. Early on 17th April, we assembled in the booking-hall of York Station, thereby seriously impeding passenger traffic. Olavite caps having previously been banned, some variety of sporting headgear was to be expected, but the glorious apparel which covered our heads came as a bit of a surprise. From Mr. Cooper's red pom-pom to Pickard's felt attrocity which had been passed on to him by his granny via a local scare-crow, there was a wild diversity of creations which 55 would have done credit to the Sherpas of an Everest expedition. Humpherson's and Lacy's Mongolian rhapsodies were matched by Baldwin's P.O.W. special, but the crowning masterpiece had not yet appeared. Two days later, Shannon picked up a battered trilby on the slopes of Catbells, and this hat had more character than all the rest of them put together. It was soon apparent that our main armament was two mouth organs, one hunting horn and a recorder, but a powerful catapult joined us at Darlington and enjoyed a checkered existence until finally confiscated. En route we lost two fine caps out of windows, but no further accidents ensued. On arrival at Keswick we left our luggage at the station, and Mr. Pemberton set the pace up Skiddaw to such good effect that it soon became obvious that there was a chance of reaching the top. In- cidentally, an old injury attacked Mr. Pemberton's knee and he did the rest of the trip more or less on one leg (greatly to the relief of the slower gentry). We left eight of our number on the slopes of Jenkin Hill and, whilst Mr. Gaastra and Mr. Pemberton assaulted Little Man, the rest of us pelted along the crest to the summit. It was cold on the tops, and we were pleased to get down again after our first taste of the rarified air at three thousand feet. 18th April. By bus to Scales and a leisurely walk up Saddleback. We had our lunch at Scales Tarn and the party then divided, some reaching the top to the left of Tarn Crags and others mounting by Sharp Edge, which proved just a little too sharp for comfort in certain quarters. We all assembled on the top and watched the Peterites far below us get out of the train at Threlkeld and start on their way up. We then walked along Knowe Crags and came down to Derwent- folds, walking back to Keswick through Brundholme Woods. 19th April. By launch across Derwentwater to Hawse End, and a walk along the shore to Low Brandelhow, where we went off on our own. Rather more of us bathed than there were costumes and towels to go round, and several of the party showed themselves to be masters at ducks and drakes. Some of us went up Catbells, again getting a glimpse of the Peterites below, others climbed trees and Williams regaled himself with a quiet game of patience on the pier. Later we continued the tour of the lake by launch and we finished up the day with an hour's rowing. There were no casualties. 20th April. By bus to Stonethwaite, then a long grind fully laden up Greenup. After lunch we all reached the top of High Raise, and the more energetic went to Thunacar Knott and Harrison Stickle before joining the "slow train" for tea at Codale Tarn. It seemed rather a long way down to Grasmere, but we made it in good time. 21st April. A pleasant ramble to Ambleside. First of all, we were suitably impressed by a pilgrimage to Wordsworth's grave (one of our number not knowing who Wordsworth was because he was no 56 good at classics). We had lunch by Rydal Water and then made our own way to the Roman Fort near Ambleside, where we had tea. Some of us scrambled on Loughrigg and others did some boating on Lake Windermere. 22nd April. Church at Rydal, where our songs of praise were somewhat drowned by the extremely powerful singing of a local girls' school. We then went up Fairfield via Heron Pike, and returned to Ambleside via Dove Crag. From the top of Fairfield the more energetic, were led by our speedsters, Wilkinson and Brisby, and pursued perspiringly by Mr. Cooper, who was robbed of third place when Sessions shot past him, reached the top of St. Sunday Crag. It was a wonderful day and a marvellous ridge walk for most of the time. 23rd April. Our big effort. We took a bus to Dungeon Ghyll and then started on our way to the top of Scafell Pikes. We made good time up Rossett Gill and, after a breather at Angle Tarn, reached Esk Hause for lunch. We were all at the summit by 2-15, and Humpherson, by doing a handstand on the cairn, claimed that his feet had got higher than anyone else's in England. On our way down, the ambitious ones bagged Broad Crag, Ill Crag and Great End. Headlam was most careful to notch his stick at each named peak, with the result that there are now more notches than stick. At Esk Hause violent action had to be taken to speed up the sluggards, but we all got down to the bus with a couple of minutes to spare. We were very pleased with ourselves that the whole party had got to the top. 24th April. Home again, a good time having been had by all. We hope to repeat the performance next year.

57 EDITORIAL NOTICES The Peterite is the magazine of St. Peter's School, York. The Editors solicit literary contributions and general correspondence from past and present Peterites. No notice can be taken of anonymous correspondence. Contributors may, if they prefer it, send their name in a separate envelope, which will not be opened unless the contribution is accepted. Where the contributor's name is not intended for publication, his "nom-de-plume" should be enclosed as well. The subscription to The Peterite is 6s. Od. per annum, payable in advance, i.e., before the issue of the first number of the year (January). Members of the O.P. Club receive The Peterite gratuitously. The Peterite is published three times a year, at the beginning of each term. If any member of the O.P. Club should not receive their numbers of The Peterite, the Editors would be obliged if notice could be sent at once to The Bursar, St. Peter's School, York. The Editors of The Peterite will be glad to supply any past numbers which they may have to those desiring them, at the price of Is. Od. per copy. Applications for advertising space to be made to The Bursar, St. Peter's School, York.

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