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Results of the 2015 Eastern Bering Sea Continental Shelf Bottom Trawl Survey of Groundfish and Invertebrate Resources

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Results of the 2015 Eastern Bering Sea Continental Shelf Bottom Trawl Survey of Groundfish and Invertebrate Resources NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-353 doi:10.7289/V5/TM-AFSC-353 Results of the 2015 Eastern Bering Sea Continental Shelf Bottom Trawl Survey of Groundfish and Invertebrate Resources J. Conner, D. Nichol, and R. R. Lauth U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center May 2017 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS The National Marine Fisheries Service's Alaska Fisheries Science Center uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series reflect sound professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the Northwest Fisheries Center. The NMFS-NWFSC series is currently used by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. This document should be cited as follows: Conner, J., D. G. Nichol, and R. R. Lauth. 2017. Results of the 2015 eastern Bering Sea continental shelf bottom trawl survey of groundfish and invertebrate resources. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-353,154 p. Document available: http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/Publications/AFSC-TM/NOAA-TM-AFSC-353.pdf. Reference in this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-353 doi:10.7289/V5/TM-AFSC-353 Results of the 2015 Eastern Bering Sea Continental Shelf Bottom Trawl Survey of Groundfish and Invertebrate Resources J. Conner, D. Nichol, and R. R. Lauth Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, WA 98115-6349 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Wilbur L. Ross Jr., Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Benjamin Friedman, Acting Under Secretary and Administrator National Marine Fisheries Service Samuel D. Rauch III, Acting Assistant Administrator for Fisheries May 2017 This document is available to the public through: National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 www.ntis.gov ABSTRACT The Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center conducts annual bottom trawl surveys to monitor the condition of the demersal fish and crab stocks of the eastern Bering Sea continental shelf. The standard study area encompasses a major portion of the eastern Bering Sea shelf (depths between 20 and 200 m) from the Alaska Peninsula north to approximately the latitude of St. Matthew Island (60° 50' N). In 2015, two chartered trawlers, the 38-m FV Vesteraalen and the 43.5-m FV Alaska Knight, surveyed this area. Demersal populations were sampled by trawling for 30 minutes at stations centered within 37.04 × 37.04 km (20 × 20 naultical mile (nmi)) grids covering the survey area. At each station, species composition of the catch was determined, and length distributions and age structure samples were collected from ecologically and commercially important species. Three-hundred seventy-six standard survey stations were sampled successfully. A total of 101 fish species and 235 invertebrate taxa were identified in catches from the EBS survey. The combined biomass of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera), and northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) was estimated to be 10.8 million metric tons (t), which was 82% of the total fish biomass. The biomass of invertebrates was composed primarily of echinoderms (1.4 million t) and crustaceans (0.7 million t). Survey results presented in this report include abundance estimates for fishes and invertebrates, geographic distributions and size compositions of selected fish species, and contour plots of surface and bottom temperatures during the survey sampling period. Appendices provide station data, catch data summarized by station, taxon listings, and detailed analyses of abundance and biological data of the sampled populations. iii CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 METHODS ......................................................................................................................................3 Survey Area and Sampling Design ......................................................................................3 Survey Vessels and Sampling Gear .....................................................................................6 Sampling Logistics and Stratification Scheme ....................................................................8 Catch Sampling Procedures ...............................................................................................10 Catch Data Analysis ...........................................................................................................12 Additional Research Projects .............................................................................................16 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................17 Ocean Conditions ...............................................................................................................17 Biomass, Abundance, Distribution, CPUE, and Size Composition of Principal Species and Species Groups ..................................................................21 Summary of Results for Commercially Exploited Groundfish Species ............................22 Walleye Pollock ...................................................................................................22 Pacific Cod ...........................................................................................................22 Yellowfin Sole ......................................................................................................23 Northern Rock Sole ..............................................................................................23 Flathead Sole ........................................................................................................42 Bering Flounder ....................................................................................................42 Alaska Plaice ........................................................................................................43 Greenland Turbot .................................................................................................43 Arrowtooth Flounder ............................................................................................60 Kamchatka Flounder ............................................................................................60 Pacific Halibut ......................................................................................................61 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................74 CITATIONS ..................................................................................................................................75 Appendix A: Station Data, 2015 Eastern Bering Sea Trawl Survey .............................................81 Appendix B: List of Species Encountered ...................................................................................121 Appendix C: Population Estimates by Sex and Size Groups for Principal Fish Species ............135 v INTRODUCTION The eastern Bering Sea (EBS) continental shelf supports one of the most productive groundfish and crab fisheries in the world (Bakkala 1993). Since 1970, groundfish such as walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera), and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) have been the primary target species among commercial catches. Although many species of groundfish are caught commercially, walleye pollock is the most abundant with catches ranging from 0.8 million to 1.5 million metric tons (t) per year for the past 30 years, the marketed products of which represent 40% of the global whitefish market (Ianelli et al. 2015). Since 1971, the National Marine Fisheries Service's (NMFS) Alaska Fisheries Science Center's (AFSC) Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering (RACE) Division has conducted a bottom trawl survey annually in the EBS to determine the distribution and abundance of groundfish and crab resources. The involvement of the U.S. government in eastern Bering Sea bottom trawl (BT) surveys dates back to the 1940s when effort was engaged primarily in exploratory work for commercial fisheries resources (Zimmermann et al. 2009). Early efforts led to the development of a valuable single-species fishery in Alaska for red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus), and continued U.S. BT surveys into the 1970s focused on cooperative arrangements with private industry to study the biology, distribution, abundance, and best fishing practices for red king crab (Zimmermann et al. 2009). The first large-scale survey of the EBS shelf was conducted in 1975 under contract from the U.S. Bureau of Land Management in response to a need for baseline data to assess the potential impact of proposed offshore oil exploration and development on fishery resources (Pereyra
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