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Does Season-Dependent Reproductive Value of Offspring Drive the Evolution of Life-History Traits in Anolis Lizards?

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Does Season-Dependent Reproductive Value of Offspring Drive the Evolution of Life-History Traits in Anolis Lizards? Does season-dependent reproductive value of offspring drive the evolution of life-history traits in Anolis lizards? Joshua M. Hall, Timothy S. Mitchell, Sarin Tiatragul, Phillip R. Pearson, Daniel A. Warner Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Does season-dependent reproductive value of offspring drive the evolution of life-history traits in Anolis lizards? Gorman & Licht 1974 Does season-dependent reproductive value of offspring drive the evolution of life-history traits in Anolis lizards? • In seasonal environments the value of offspring can change through the year • Aspects of reproduction may shift seasonally as Gorman & Licht 1974 well Does season-dependent reproductive value of offspring drive the evolution of life-history traits in Anolis lizards? Does season-dependent reproductive value of offspring drive the evolution of life-history traits in Anolis lizards? 1.) Is reproductive value of offspring season-dependent? 2.) Do females exhibit seasonal shifts in reproduction accordingly? 3.) Do these shifts differ among females? 4.) Do these shifts interact with local environmental conditions? Such a study system would be quite useful: 1.) trade-offs in life-history traits (e.g. offspring size vs number) 2.) annual routines 3.) testing predictions from life-history theory The brown anole (A. sagrei) Do seasonal changes in nest temperature have season-specific fitness consequences? C) 34 o 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 Mean hourly nest temperature ( temperature nest hourly Mean April May June July Aug Sept Month (data recorded every 2.5 hrs) Pearson & Warner; Proc Royal Soc B; In Press Do seasonal changes in nest temperature have season-specific fitness consequences? 34 C) 34 o 32 32 C) 30 o 30 28 28 26 26 24 24 22 22 20 Early 18 20 Temperature 16 18 mean=21.0˚C 14 16 12 Mean hourly nest temperature ( temperature nest hourly Mean April May June July Aug Sept ( temperature incubation Lab 14 12 Month (data recorded every 2.5 hrs) 45-day period Pearson & Warner; Proc Royal Soc B; In Press Do seasonal changes in nest temperature have season-specific fitness consequences? 34 C) 34 o 32 32 C) 30 o 30 Late 28 28 26 Temperature 26 mean=26.9˚C 24 24 22 22 20 Early 18 20 Temperature 16 18 mean=21.0˚C 14 16 12 Mean hourly nest temperature ( temperature nest hourly Mean April May June July Aug Sept ( temperature incubation Lab 14 12 Month (data recorded every 2.5 hrs) 45-day period Pearson & Warner; Proc Royal Soc B; In Press Experimental design Early vs. late cohorts of lizards (80 females in each cohort) • Early cohort collected in mid-February, 2015 • Late cohort collected in early July, 2015 Pearson & Warner; Proc Royal Soc B; In Press Experimental design Early vs. late cohorts of lizards (80 females in each cohort) • Early cohort collected in mid-February, 2015 • Late cohort collected in early July, 2015 Early vs. late incubation regimes • Early Temperatures (April 1 – May 15) • Late Temperatures (July 15 – August 28) Pearson & Warner; Proc Royal Soc B; In Press Experimental design Early vs. late cohorts of lizards (80 females in each cohort) • Early cohort collected in mid-February, 2015 • Late cohort collected in early July, 2015 Early vs. late incubation regimes • Early Temperatures (April 1 – May 15) • Late Temperatures (July 15 – August 28) Cohort Early Temperatures Late Temperature Early Season Early-Early Early-Late Cohort (n=242) (n=252) Late Season Late-Early Late-Late Cohort (n=266) (n=267) Pearson & Warner; Proc Royal Soc B; In Press Offspring fitness in the field Methods • All offspring uniquely marked • Released onto island in Matanzas River, Florida Spring recapture effort • March 2016 Forested habitat ~50 m Pearson & Warner; Proc Royal Soc B; In Press Results – survival Season: P=0.002 Temp: P=0.588 Int: P=0.662 Early Late Season Pearson & Warner; Proc Royal Soc B; In Press Results – survival Season: P=0.002 Temp: P=0.588 Int: P=0.662 Early Late Season Pearson & Warner; Proc Royal Soc B; In Press ResultsSeason -–dependentsurvival reproductive Value of offspring Season: P=0.002 Temp: P=0.588 Int: P=0.662 Early Late Season Pearson & Warner; Proc Royal Soc B; In Press Does adult density impact seasonal changes in offspring survival? March April June August October breeding hatching breeding starts starts ends Mitchell et al In Prep Does adult density impact seasonal changes in offspring survival? March April June August October breeding hatching breeding starts starts ends Seasonal decline in environmental quality? Mitchell et al In Prep Does adult density impact seasonal changes in offspring survival? Early March April June August October breeding hatching breeding starts starts ends Seasonal decline in environmental quality? Mitchell et al In Prep Does adult density impact seasonal changes in offspring survival? Early Mid March April June August October breeding hatching breeding starts starts ends Seasonal decline in environmental quality? Mitchell et al In Prep Does adult density impact seasonal changes in offspring survival? Early Mid Late March April June August October breeding hatching breeding starts starts ends Seasonal decline in environmental quality? Mitchell et al In Prep Experimental design Enhanced Reduced adult adult density Whole-island density manipulation Mitchell et al In Prep Experimental design • Bred three cohorts of field caught adults in lab- early, mid, late •Released marked hatchlings from three cohorts • Recapture the following spring Enhanced Reduced adult adult density Whole-island density manipulation Mitchell et al In Prep Field results 35 30 25 20 15 10 % recaptured 5 0 Early1 Mid2 Late3 Cohort Mitchell et al. in prep Field results 35 30 25 20 15 10 % recaptured 5 0 Early1 Mid2 Late3 Cohort Mitchell et al. in prep Field results 35 30 25 20 15 10 % recaptured 5 0 Early1 Mid2 Late3 Cohort Season-dependent reproductive Value of offspring Mitchell et al. in prep • Two experiments asking different questions • Same answer35 – hatching earlier is better 30 25 20 15 10 % recaptured 5 0 Early Late Early1 Mid2 Late3 Season Cohort Does season-dependent reproductive value of offspring drive the evolution of life-history traits in Anolis lizards? 1.) Is reproductive value of offspring season-dependent? 2.) Do females exhibit seasonal shifts in reproduction accordingly? 3.) Do these shifts differ among females? 4.) Do these shifts interact with local environmental conditions? Does season-dependent reproductive value of offspring drive the evolution of life-history traits in Anolis lizards? 1.) Is reproductive value of offspring season-dependent? Yes 2.) Do females exhibit seasonal shifts in reproduction accordingly? 3.) Do these shifts differ among females? 4.) Do these shifts interact with local environmental conditions? Does season-dependent reproductive value of offspring drive the evolution of life-history traits in Anolis lizards? 1.) Is reproductive value of offspring season-dependent? Yes 2.) Do females exhibit seasonal shifts in reproduction accordingly? 3.) Do these shifts differ among females? 4.) Do these shifts interact with local environmental conditions? Results – hatchling morphology Season: P<0.001 Season: P<0.001 Temp: P=0.001 Temp: P=0.010 Int: P=0.485 Int: P=0.080 Early Late Early Late Season Season Results – hatchling morphology Season: P<0.001 Season: P<0.001 Temp: P=0.001 Temp: P=0.010 Int: P=0.485 Int: P=0.080 Early Late Early Late Season Season Results – hatchling morphology Season: P<0.001 Season: P<0.001 Temp: P=0.001 Temp: P=0.010 Int: P=0.485 Int: P=0.080 Early Late Early Late Season Season Results – hatchling morphology Season: P<0.001 Season: P<0.001 Temp: P=0.001 Temp: P=0.010 Int: P=0.485 Int: P=0.080 Early Late EarlyEarly LateLate Season Season Females shift reproduction accordingly: fromResults more, – smallerhatchling eggs morphology to fewer, bigger eggs throughout the season Season: P<0.001 Season: P<0.001 Temp: P=0.001 Temp: P=0.010 Int: P=0.485 Int: P=0.080 Early Late EarlyEarly LateLate Season Season Lab breeding results (adult density) Cohort: F2,189=18.94 Cohort: F2,196=14.90 Cohort: F2,193=34.83 p <0.001 p <0.001 p <0.001 30 0.28 25 0.24 20 15 0.20 10 0.16 clutch interval (d) interval clutch 5 - 0.12 egg mass (g) 0 mass (g) Hatchling 0.08 Inter Early1 Mid2 Late3 Early1 Mid2 Late3 Early Mid Late cohort cohort Mitchell, Hall, Warner in revision Lab breeding results (adult density) Cohort: F2,189=18.94 Cohort: F2,196=14.90 Cohort: F2,193=34.83 p <0.001 p <0.001 p <0.001 30 0.28 25 0.24 20 15 0.20 10 0.16 clutch interval (d) interval clutch 5 - 0.12 egg mass (g) 0 mass (g) Hatchling 0.08 Inter Early1 Mid2 Late3 Early1 Mid2 Late3 Early Mid Late cohort cohort Mitchell, Hall, Warner in revision Lab breeding results (adult density) Cohort: F2,189=18.94 Cohort: F2,196=14.90 Cohort: F2,193=34.83 p <0.001 p <0.001 p <0.001 30 0.28 25 0.24 20 15 0.20 10 0.16 clutch interval (d) interval clutch 5 - 0.12 egg mass (g) 0 mass (g) Hatchling 0.08 Inter Early1 Mid2 Late3 Early1 Mid2 Late3 Early Mid Late cohort cohort Mitchell, Hall, Warner in revision Lab breeding results (adult density) Cohort: F2,189=18.94 Cohort: F2,196=14.90 Cohort: F2,193=34.83 p <0.001 p <0.001 p <0.001 30 0.28 25 0.24 20 15 0.20 10 0.16 clutch interval (d) interval clutch 5 - 0.12 egg mass (g) 0 mass (g) Hatchling 0.08 Inter Early1 Mid2 Late3 Early1 Mid2 Late3 Early Mid Late cohort cohort Mitchell, Hall, Warner in revision Lab breeding results (adult density) Cohort: F2,189=18.94 Cohort: F2,196=14.90 Cohort: F2,193=34.83 p <0.001 p <0.001 p <0.001 30 0.28 25 0.24 20 15 0.20 10
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