Riparian Zone Associations Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region Deschutes, Ochoco, Fremont, and R6 ECOLTP-279-87 Winema National Forests
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
United States Depart merit of Agriculture Riparian Zone Associations Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region Deschutes, Ochoco, Fremont, and R6 ECOLTP-279-87 Winema National Forests 4'4, w,, ) Ii 4. p k ') *..- I .IuuIw . -,-. -4 ,M.'' ;-- u&-_ ,' r'/ By Bernard L. Kovaichik United States Department of Agriculture Riparian Zone Associations Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region Deschutes, Ochoco, Fremont, and Region 6 Ecology Technical Paper 279-87 Winema National Forests September 1987 By Bernard L. Kovaichik, Associate Ecologist Those who participate in management of National Forests whether they are foresters, engineers, landscape architects, biologists, hydrologists, fuels managers, geologists, or any other specialists, must in reality WHY WE CLASSIFY function as applied ecologists a large part of the time. PLANT ASSOCIATIONS The reason is that all parts of the ecosystems we manage are linked, and any decisions or recommendation made about one part produces impacts in the other parts when implemented. Thus, an understanding of the interre- lationships between all the ecosystem components is essential to making good choices about land management. One way to index the nature of ecosystem components is through vegetation. Over time, a relatively stable group of plants, or plant association, comes into equilibrium with the physical, chemical and biological environment on a given site (Daubeninire 1968). By know- something about the habitat requirements of these plants, we can often infer a great deal about a site's characteristics, just by looking at the vegetation. William and Lillybridge (1983) highlight three areas where plant associations are most useful: In planning management strategies - evaluating productivity, resource condition and response to disturbance. In communicating about our management exper- iences - both successes and failures - by providing a common framework for describing forest stands. In application of research - providing a direct link between research results and practical land management. The goal of the Area Ecology Program is to help those who manage National Forests understand what the presence of different groups of plants, or plant associations, implies. We do this by classifying and naming the assoc- iations, by collecting data on their productivity and response to disturbance, by publishing this information and by providing ongoing training to those who use it. Comments and inquiries may be addressed to: Area 4 Ecologist Deschutes National Forest 1645 Highway 20 East Bend, Oregon 97701 CONTENTS Page Willow/Kentucky bluegrass 74 Introduction 1 Willow/woolly sedge 76 Scope 1 Willow/widefruit sedge 78 Objectives 2 Willow/aquatic sedge 80 Methods 2 Willow/Sitka sedge 82 Field Methods 2 Willow/beaked sedge 84 Office Methods 2 Bog blueberry/Sitka sedge 86 Taxonomic Considerations 3 Bog blueberry/ Classification Concepts and Terminology 3 few-flowered spikerush 88 Community Type versus Association Concept. 3 Graminoid Dominated Associations 90 Nomenclature 3 Cusick bluegrass 90 Climate 4 Kentucky bluegrass 92 Soils 4 Tufted hairgrass 95 Geomorphology and Riparian Classification 5 Woolly sedge 98 Ochoco Mountains Physiographic Area 6 Nebraska sedge 100 Grasslands Physiographic Area 6 Widefruit sedge 102 Deschutes Cascades Physiographic Area 6 Aquatic sedge 104 LaPine Basin Physiographic Area 6 Short-beaked sedge 106 Low Flanks Cascades Physiographic Area 8 Slender sedge 108 Pumice-mantled Cascades Few-flowered spikerush 110 Physiographic Area 8 Small-fruit bulrush (bigleaf sedge) 1l2 Winema Cascades Physiographic Area 8 Sitka sedge 114 Pumice-mantled Basin and Range Inflated sedge 116 Physiographic Area 8 Beaked sedge 118 Basin and Range Physiographic Area 9 Creeping spikerush 120 The Ripariari Classification 9 Forb Dominated Associations 122 Association and Community Description Queencup beadlily (mountain alder). 122 Criteria 12 Arrowleaf groundsel 124 Vegetative Key to Dominance Groups, High Elevation Associations 126 Associations, and Community Types... .13 Brewer sedge 126 Key to Riparian Zone Associations on the Black alpine sedge 128 Ochoco and Fremont National Forests Holms sedge-black alpine Using Landforms and Fluvial Surfaees.21 sedge-tufted hairgrass 130 Coniferous Forest Dominated Associations. .27 Holm's sedge 132 Ponderosa pine/common Red mountainheath 134 snowberry-floodplain 27 Miscellaneous Associations Lodgepole pine/Kentucky bluegrass. 29 and Community Types 136 Lodgepole pine/bearberry 31 References 139 Lodgepole pine/Douglas spiraea/forb. 33 Lodgepole pine/Douglas spiraea/widefruit sedge 35 Appendices: Lodgepole pine/bog blueberry/forb.. .37 Lodgepole pine/bog Number of Sample Plots by Association or blueberry/widefruit sedge 39 Community Type and Vicinity in Central Lodgepole pine/widefruit sedge 41 Oregon 142 Lodgepole pine/aquatic sedge 43 Constancy and Average Cover of Important Lodgepole pine - Engelmann Riparian Zone Plants in Central Oregon. .144 spruce/few-flowered spikerush. .45 Common Riparian Zone Vegetation on Central White fir/queencup beadlily 47 Oregon National Forests 160 Engelmann spruce/queencup beadlily. .49 Basal Area and 100-Year Site Index for Engelmann spruce/bog blueberry/forb. 51 Forested Riparian Zone Associations and Engelmann spruce/bog Community Types 165 blueberry/widefruit sedge 53 Glossary 166 Engelmann spruce/widefruit sedge 55 Engelmann spruce/common List of Figures: horsetail-twistedstalk 57 Deciduous Forest Dominated Community Area covered by this classification 1 Types. 59 Physiographic Areas of central Oregon 7 Quaking aspen/common Ochoco Creek Riparian Landform 27 snowberry/blue wildrye 59 Lake Creek Riparian Landform 27 Quaking aspen/blue wildrye 61 Jack Creek Riparian Landform 29 Quaking aspen-lodgepole pine/ Williamson River Riparian Landform 30 Douglas spiraea/widefruit sedge 63 Jack Creek Riparian Landform 31 Shrub Dominated Associations 65 Jackies Thicket Riparian Landform 31 Sagebrush/Cusick bluegrass 65 Coyote Creek Riparian Landform 33 Mountain alder 67 Miller Creek Riparian Landform 34 Mountain alder-common snowberry 69 Spruce Creek Riparian Landform 35 Mountain alder-Douglas spiraea 71 Unnamed drainage between Highway 97 and Mountain alder springs 73 Williamson River Riparian Landform 35 Jackie's Thicket Riparian Landform 37 Unnamed meadow near Lake of the Woods Riparian Landform 39 Long Prairie Riparian Landform 90 Jackies Thicket Riparian Landform 40 Chocktoot Creek Riparian Landform 91 Jack Creek Riparian Landform 41 Williamson River Riparian Landforin 92 Unnamed drainage near Davis Flat 41 Jack Creek Riparian Landform 93 Cougar Creek Riparian Landform 43 O'Connor Meadow Riparian Landform 95 Cottonwood Lake Riparian Landform 43 Heavenly Lakes Meadow Riparian Landform. .95 Cascade Lakes Highway Water Tower Meadow Riparian Landform 96 Bog Riparian Landform 45 Biggs Spring Headwaters Jack Creek Riparian Landform.. 46 Aspen Exciosure Riparian Landform 98 Trout Creek Riparian Landform 47 Boone Prairie Riparian Landform 100 Cougar Creek Riparian Landform 47 O'Connor Meadow Riparian Landform 102 Severunile Creek Riparian L.andform 49 Jack Creek Riparian Landforin 103 Little Cultus Marsh Riparian Landform 50 Sycan River Meadow Riparian Landform 104 Heavenly Lakes Meadow Riparian Landform. .51 Cougar Creek Riparian Landform 104 Many Lakes Bog Riparian Landform 53 Squaw Creek Marsh Riparian Landform 106 Upper Desehutes River Stimson Meadow Riparian Landform 106 Bog Riparian Landform 55 Big Marsh Riparian Landform 108 Squaw Creek Marsh Riparian Landform 55 Lake of the Woods Riparian Landform 108 Sevenmile Creek Riparian Landform 57 Little Cultus Marsh Riparian Landforin.. .110 Indian Ford Creek Cascade Lakes Highway Bog Riparian Campground Riparian Landform 59 Landform ill Dudley Creek Riparian Landform 61 Sevenmile Creek Riparian Landforni 112 Unnamed drainage near Highway 97 and Lake Creek Riparian Landform 112 Williamson River Riparian Landform 63 Deschutes River Riparian Landforin 114 Silver Creek Riparian Landform 65 Indian Ford Creek Riparian Landform 114 Boone Prairie Riparian Landform 65 Fivemile Creek Riparian Landform 116 Ochoco Creek Riparian Landform 67 Lake of the Woods Riparian Landform 116 Sevenmile Creek Riparian Landform 67 Santiam Pass Marsh Riparian Landform 118 Ochoco Creek Riparian Landform 69 Deschutes River Riparian Landform 118 Lake Creek Riparian Landform 70 Pond near Odell Creek Riparian Landform 71 Campbell Lake Riparian Landform 120 Metolius River Riparian Landfornt 71 Chocktoot Creek Riparian Landform 120 Chocktoot Creek Riparian Landform 74 Trout Creek Riparian Landform 122 Silver Creek Riparlan Landform 76 Todd Creek Riparian Landform 124 Crescent Creek Riparian Landform 78 Unnamed drainage near Spruce Creek Riparian Landform 78 Round Meadow Riparian Landform 126 Upper Sycan River Broken Top Meadow Riparian Landform 128 Meadow Riparian Landform 80 Broken Top Meadow Riparian Landforin 130 Sycan River Riparian Landform 80 Water Tower Meadow Riparian Landform 132 Deschutes River Riparian Landform 82 Broken Top Meadow Riparian Landform 132 Little Cultus Marsh Riparian Landform 82 Crater Creek Riparian Landform 134 Allison Creek Marsh Riparian Landform 84 Little Cultus Marsh Riparian Landform 86 Big Marsh Creek Riparian Landform 86 Table: Cascade Lakes Highway Bog Riparian Landform 88 Riparian zone associations and community types Upper Deschutes River of the Deschutes, Fremont, Ochoco, and Winema Bog Riparian Landform 88 National Forests 10 INTRODUCTION RIPARIAN ZONE ASSOCIATIONS OF THE DESCHUTES, OCHOCO,