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'L 'about handi- independent publishing, the arrest and way. What's happening there is hap- UNINDICTED I appreciate detention not only of those who might be pening in a lot ofplaces and under á CO-CONSPIRATORS called war criminals but of political inde- variety of ideological and economic Douglas Biklen lan Barrv o Lance Belville . MarisCakars* pendents many auspices. not more anti-com- o much. Hôw- of whom risked their I'm any Susan Cákars* . J erry Coffin* Lynne Shatzkin Coffin* . Dear -t discussing the security and lives in opposition to Thieu, munist than I am anti any system that Ann Davidon ¡ Diana Davies Ruth the closing down ofthe School ofYouth sees human beings as objeõts for pro- Ralph DiGia' o Brian Doherty ' william Douthard' Kaien Durbin* o ChuckFager o Seth Foldy (L'Ira' the for Social Service, the arrest and beating gramming-and human rights as a o joan me that handi- J ¡m Forest . Larry Car.a Libby Hawk* December 9, 19761 Vol. Xll, No. 42 llity or are in insti- of monks active in the nonviolent move- luxury. But I don't think we do ourselves Ñeil Haworth. Ed Hedemann o Crace Hedemann ment, the closing of many Buddhist ser- or our efforts a favor to romantici4ç what Hendrik Hertzberg* Marty J ezer* Becky J ohnson opporttrnities. I . ' o ' Karpel projects (hartlly the is happening turn NancyJohnson Þaul Johnson Alison 4. Why Does the US Still Fear the Cuban Revolution ? ¡ed persons to tead vice and educational in Vietnam, orto a CraigKarpel . Kyper . Eliot Linzer* ! John Rev. byGunnel Enby, a "please continue this kind ofwork" deafear toward the suffering that con- Jacklon Mac Low o DavidMcReynolds* PhilipZwerling o ed woman. Ifound it message that Thich Mandala reports), tinues, or to explain it away. Not that MaryMayo.¡ o David Morris MarkMorris' '1'1. Richards ¡ lgal Roodenko* Graham Center: Hope for the Small Farmer Peter Shiras the confïscation ofmoney and property Scudder Parker does; I think he would J im Þeck Tad / )rary. FredRosen o NancyRosen o EdSanders B.FREDERICKSEN connected with Buddhist relief share my hope that Amnesty Interna- w"ÀdyS.h*"rtt. o MarthaThomases'Artwaskow 14. Ebeye: Apartheid US Style / Ciff Johnsonj white Pl¿lns,NY work-and the immolation of 12 monks tional or some other independent inter- Beverly Woodward 16. and nuns in Can Tho last November. national group would look into these alle- *Memberof WIN Editorial Board' Changes t This is by no means an exhaustive gations-in Vietnam as in Chile, the 19. Reviews / BrendaDixon-Stowell &Wendy Schwartz listing ofthe information on repression USSR, the US, Israel, Iran, Uganda, etc.- WIN is published every Thursday except for the first in Vietnam. But these are either well It has struck me in a number of week in January, the last week in March, the sgcond Covèr: Cuban and North American women working together. Photo documented (as with the immolations, responses to r4y article and similar ex- week in May, the tast two weeks in August, the f irliwo weeks in September and the last week in December by by Liberation Nêws Service. the "re-education" programs, the pressions ofccjncern that we tènd to W.l.N. Magazine, lnc. w¡th the support of the War closings, etc.) or come from sources overlook the immolations last Novem- Resisters League. Subscr¡ptions are $11.00 per year. within Vietnam who have previously ber. Yet the first dernonstration against Second clasi pbstaeê paid at New York, NY 10001 and 503 Atlantic Ave. / sth Fl. STAFF àdditional mailing offices. lndividual writers are paid a price in their resistance work the war that I recall was ã1963 NY 11217' high Vietnam responsible foropinions expressed and accuracy of.facts Brooklyn, PegAverill o RuthannEvanoff and repeatedly proven their credibility picketline (in which the WRLwas given. Sorry-manuscr¡pts cannot be returned urrless Telephone: (212) 624.8337, Susan Pines o Murray Rosenblith and regard for the truth. particularly involved, along with the ãccompanied by a self-address"o,',"'Ë;fl,3iü'i,n,i 624-8595 to Katz Reliance on un-named sources, while Catholic Worker) protesting the self-im- Special thanks Stuart a minor part of the news I've written up molation of Thich Quang Duc; this was at lately, shouldn't be such abig deal to us, the New York residence of South Viet- rod. I've been accused ofbeing in the imolies that Forest's reflèction il a aboutthe withering away of the state, Again and again throughout the Vietnam na¡n's observer. I'm now looking at a CIA,, in need of time iñ a re-education crificism of Vietnamese people unfot- presumably following the bubbling war we had to rely on information that photo ofone ofthe nuns, an old woman, camp, being hung up on ethics, being tunatelv forced to defend their lives with èuphoria and togetherness created by a came under similar circumstances- whoburned herselflast yearTn Can Tho. American weapoñs, ot a belittling of the com- "strong, indepeident popular base of ' haoõed in white middle class people sticking their necks way out but And I'm reading again the abbot of the skiirãnd thus with no right to sPeak even munity activity described by the Nun institutions and organizations. " asking for confidentiality. In 1968 I was monastery'ó final message: "My act ifall the allegations are ttue, a closet Mandala. Tothe contrary, Forest's Belling's basic delusion-that non- may be described as unusual . . . but as anti-communist secretly involved in a statement is one baSed on compassion voters differ radically from votets-was article [WIN, wisdom shines, we should look at events olot to keeo Vietnam out of the UN. .' for all people victimized by war. The demolished by post-election surveys in- in their own lffithout the ire and others to task, in timing. light it's been, t]o say the least, mind-blowing. sentence that comes just before the dicatin! virtually no difference iri basic e-in-Wonderland ap- there is no chance for the people, be they Double standards, anyone? ouotation is from St. John ofthe Cross¡ political attitudes. The American people m: verdict first, evi- good or wicked, to know where to go and Well, I don't think Scudder Parker is 'ìWhere you put love, you find love." get politicians who closely reflect their letters how to act. . . I do not act in foolishness resoondins at that level. His article indi- The sacrifiõe of the.12 was "appealing values; Richard Nixon still has plenty of (and most of us) work [but with the] hope that the blind will catês a geñfler, more searching to the government to respect the right of defenders. The humanitarian idealist ;sumptions in making. see, the deaf will hear andlivingbeings-¡ temoerãment-and for that I'm im- freedom of worship of all religions. " It, should protest the fact that democracy ut events; probably tgo involved in helping to get out a major [at all levels of existence] will benefit menìely grateful. And I'm grateful to was done in consequence ofan otder by works too well, not that it doesn't work, from the light. . , On the shore of ; rooted in painful exped- study of repression and imprisonmént see WIN giving some thought to the the local government authorities to the at least if its premise is to manifest awakening, I shall be waiting for you. " tl, longbeforethe under the Saigon government-written questions this iubject raises, not only community not to display the Buddhist oooularvalues.^ !rs, that there was a gteat by a Vietnamese Buddhist activistwho The monks and nunS whoburned about Vietnam but about what it means flag. . . [itiforbade re-ligious retreats and i\s for the typical non-voter's view that .rus lying going on in the had been a prisoner.and rjvho had towrite themselves, as thé executive council of not onlv tobe American butto be a the observation of silence, demanded Presidential candidates ate indis- . Before there was much under a false name. the Unified Buddhist'Church of Vietnam human being residing on a very tinY the abbot to expound 'the glotious, his' tinguishably bad, thatbelief usually re- upport it, I assumed that Scudder Parker is, understandably, explained in a subsequent letter to the torical and greãt victory ofthe Revolu- veals an abysmal ignorance ofthe government, so Pranet' cehindthe military coup in impressed v;ith Thich Mandala. She is did rather than submit to -TrilTlr$i tion,'. . . [ordered] the monks andnuns is$ues. Letts take merely twoissues of .row its echo in Thailand. an able representative ofthe Vietnamese instructions forbidding display of the to participate in the political activities of the 1976 campaign: the B-1 bomber and (with g post-warVietnam, government as she was earlierforthe Buddhistflag six colored stripes, In "Reconciliation and Vietnam" [\{IN, 'revolutionary organizations,' and re- abortion. Carter opposed a massive, all- ' each representing a virtue emphasized program, :ook me well ovet ayearof revolution in progress. She speaks with ll / l8 / 7 ílScudder H. Parker quotes quired that no new members be received out B-1 bomber construction rding and listening to con- conviction and intelligence. I only wish I in Buddhism-the same {Iag the from an article by Jim Forest in Fellow' into the community. whereas Ford backed it. Carter opposed tession and the insistent had the money to give Scudder Parker an Diem government sought to-repiess in ehlp (October, 1976) entitled "Vietnam: The 12 pteferred to make a torch and a Constitution¿ll amendment nullifuing prohibition rect ideology was a major air ticket to France. With it would come a 1963), of monastic silence, Unification \{ithout Reconciliation" as prayer ofthemselves. " the Supreme Court's abortion ruling .isent Vietnamese realþ. list of refugees, exiles and journalists the obligation to expound the revolution follows: "\{ars, even those won by No pacifist can condone a government wherèas Ford backed it. , that Scudder Parker , who, with similar conviction and intelli- and participate in revolutionary organi- groups fighting the most savage in- orderwhich led to such atragicconse- I can't undeistand how any informed zations, etc. on as expressed gence, would tallt about family members j-ustiôes and an-imated by the highest quence, no mattet how difficultthe te- person can be neutral those issgel . withouteven in Vietnamese prisons, the process of Was their act a tragic exception? Or, ideals, do not produce peaceful quirements ofreadjustment are. A grasp (not to mention a dozen others). The B'1 WIN'S their disillusionment with the revolution as Thich Mandatra says, a bizãrre crime societies. Civll wars, no mattet how ofthe transcendent principle on which bomber program could be the biggest of they had been a part of, arrests and by a sick abbot? Or a-sign of the times? badly they are infected by foreign inter- the sacrifice was made, and an abiding all Pentãgoñ boondoggles, ultimately beatings they have witnessed, The UBC, in releasing their own letter vention, do not lead toward civil with the staying power of its meaning costine $90 billion. And the abortion is- theend. experiences in prison camps fromwhich and the documents about the immola- tolerance and understanding. Victots wouldbe the geâtestboon to pacifist sue, aíbottom, involves abasic question they have escaped, etc. Suspect tion, implies the last. But many of us may speak ofreconciliation, butthey in- endeavorwherever it may take place. of freedom. from sources? Sure, with axes to grind and all seem determined not to be touched or sist on orthodoxv.' ' Come downfromthe moral (suchas Lacouture the rest. Yet I think he woulä fînd that troubled, not even enough to ruise a This observation is slanted in a direc' -MARIQTITAPI,ATOVΡnnersvlllet IYY ionospherê, Mr. Belling; you can main- there is more in these men and women question-rather to trust the tion, not intended by Forest, by Parker's tain võur radical ideals while still re- than bitterness and disillusiónment and, Vietnamese government with as much omission of the preceding paragraphs. Steven Belling's letter IWIN, ll/ t8/761' tainins vour contact with earth. A vote in whatever their limitations may be, the fervor as we distrust our own. These tell of a well documented tragic displays, in hypertrophied form, the presid"ehtial elections won't contaminate GRIFFIN comefrom human dimensions of the revolutionary My personal effort to getsome anti- event of Nove mbet 2, 1975, when 12 delgsions entertained by the non-voter, you. -C.W. contacts soufces process ought rfcit to be apologists fór the war activists to sign a ptivate letter to tåe monks and nuns immolated themselves that perennial apostãte from the demo' Denvllle'NJ matign about torlqre, imprison- processes and governments which are Vietnamese government has rcsulted in before the altar oftheir pagoda in Can cratlc process. Elections, he says could rd repression dudng the Thieu behind the present suffering. some incredible hostility directed toward ThoProvince. become " superfluous " an idea 'he elements inch¡de the destruc- I don't wantto come down with myself. In recentweeks I've ended many Parketfails to make a pointwhen he. reminiscentõf Karl Marx's pipedreams- ooks and the closiirg down of particular pttention on Vietnam, by the a day feeling like a well-used lightning Dec.9, 1976 WIN 3 9,1976 T

\ilhy Does théUS Still Fear the Cuban Revolution?

REV. PHILIPZWERLING

Seventeen years ago a revolution began 90 miles with three to four meetings and visits per day. We from our Florida beaches with the seizing of power were never in bed before midnight and never slept by the Cuban guerrillas on J'anuary 1, 1959. The at- later than 7 am. There was too much to do, too tack on the Moncada Barracks in 1953, the landing much to learn and too little time. of the ship in 1956, the in Cranma struggle the We toured the city of Havana, the Museum of the and 1958 was a prelude Sierra Maestrain1957 to Revolution, the Cenetic Center at Valle de las the Cuban Revolution: the revolutiohary transfor- Picaduras; visited the Vietnamese Embassy, an mation of values, relationships, of the means of elementary school, a folk art exhibit, the huge new - production, and of the identity of a people. city of Alamar; attended a meeting of a block Com- The strength of that revolution and the funda- mittee to'Defend'the Revolution, a Catholic mass, a mental changes it has produced in Cuban society celebration of Chilean freedom; ioured a tobacco people govern- and in the lives of its frightens our factory; visited the Maximo Comez secondary \ ment, frightens the mu lti-national companies, school in Guira, the Folklore Museum in terrif ies all of those whose concern is to see Cuanabacoa, the Protestant seminary in as However, in spite business carried out usual. of Matanzas, and the headquarters of the Central an American trade embargo, a military invasion,. a Committee ôf the Cuban Communist Party. We i g naval blockade,'unceas n subversion, and count- met with Francisco Oves, Archbishop of Havana, less attempts, the people have con- assassination Moises Baldas, the President of the ewish Com- various states of J tinued and carried on through munity of Cuba; Raoul Fernandez Seballos, Presi- revslutionary a new society. change in building dent of the Cuban Council of Churches; Rolando This past I was part of an ecumènical Septêmber Boras, Foreign Secretary of the National Com- people, delegation of 11 almost all clergy; Roman mittees to Defend the Revolution; Dr. Aurelio priestS Catholic and,nuns, Protestant ministers of Alonzo, Enríque Lopez Oliva and Eduardo Torres, both guests sexes, which toured Cuba as of the professors in the Department of Relígious Studies government. I questioning why the went to Cuba at Havana University; Rev. Sergio Arce, Miriam US end still fears theCuban Revolution. Bythe of Ortega and Lois Kroehler, professors at the my visit.l is a living example had seen that Cuba of Protestant Seminary in Matanzas, Orlando possibilities, of a country a successful reshaping Sardinas and Ceraldo Ebia, members of the with all of the implications súch success has, not Central Committee of,the Cuban Communist Party; for all qf Latin only the other countries of America, Mariano de la Red, off icer of the Executive Com- for but also all.of the countries of the Third World. mittee of the Peoples' Power in Matanzas And perhaps for us here and now, most importantly Province; Manuel Lee, Associate director of the example, proof it is an a concrete for we þmericans lnstitute'for Friendship Among the Peoples for that we can changethings in ourown coúntry., North America; ldia J uan Torena, wifeof Olympíc We had four days in J amaica for orientation and gold medal winnerAlberto J uan Torena; Dr. Paul Comez Treto, a prominent Catholic layman and lawyer; and with our guides, members of the Young Communist Union (UJC), Nidia Banos and Nagalys Quiala. ln Jamaicawe had metwith Rev. Rev. is Minister of The Community J ames Tucker, a director of the Caribbean Council PhotobyMiriam Bokser, Liberation News Service. Church is article is adapted'from his of Churches and with Felix Fox, a prominent talkatthe Church following his return f rom Cuba Catholic layman.

Dec.9, 1976 WIN 5 _ ln these meetings and in numerous talks with 1878 and ' ?-'--r most successfully in 1895-1898, when / The infant mortality rate was oneof the highest in Cubans in the streets and stores of Havana we pur- Antonio Maceo, Maximo Óomet and J ose Marti Latin America and the only way women could sued our questions abqut the Cuban ñevófuliãñ.- . r¡a¡l find united the people for a war of independence. ln work was What is the status of the churches in Cuba? \ as domestics and as prostitutes. There What fact, it was only when the revolutiónarv movement were impact will the nâti,onal elections now underway 380 brothels in the country and 30orphanages appeared o¡ the verge of success in 1B9B that the foí'abandoned have in Cuba? How do individual Cubans l¡ve children. There wàs a strici code ãf àÁd US moved in under the pretext of the explosion racial work,-what do they think of their own government and soiial d¡scr¡mination. The average per aboard the battlesh ip Mai nç to in itiate the Span i sh and of our government? What is capita income in 1954 was $312 per year or $6.00 the btatus of American War ancl so insurè that the end of women; of homosexuals? What per week. is the state of Spanish rule iñ Cuba, the Philippines, and puerto t -t h.uman rights in Cuba? How has the Revoluiion '€ This situation of both mass pove_rty and under- Rico meant not f reedom for those peoples. but - development changed the society and the people-has socialism ' was the situation facing the Revolu- ,,New colonialism with an Anglo's face. I æ!h tionaty government in Cuba created a "New Man" and a I when it came to power on New ln school we all learned that the IJS fought Spain Woman?" -¡tr-, Year'ô Day in 1959. The greatest stréngths of the to protect our little brothers to the South . ihe fãcts From allof thosetalks, even in 10days h F Revolution have been the achievements of I think are otherwise. Throughout the-l9th century it was b that we found some answers to our questions developing the wealth of the country and of sharing and US government.policy to covertly support the =-t that wealth took an honest look at the RevolutioÅ. But to ----r equitably with all the people. Spanish colonial regimes with money'and Ò understand the weapons The f igures are dramatic. Cuba now has the answers, it is necessary f irst to all in the expectation that somedav ç L.{¡t alDl¡ these lands ¡ lowest i I I ( understand both from where Cuba has'come and a o2a \ iteracy about 3o/o) r ate an d the lowe3t would belong to.the US by Manifest Destiny. As \ infant what it means to live in an underdeveloped ---t , t mortality rate in all of Latin America. There early as 1786''democrat" Thomas J efferson ¡ country. I -J at is no unemployment in Cuba. Eggs, sugar and wrote: "We must be careful not to think. . . of l'd never been to a country in meat are availableto all on the ration. Mílk and fish the Third World putting the pressure on the Spaniards too early. ñ. before-to acoun-try attempîing / are no longer rationed and Cuba produces enough to develop itself countries [Cuba, Puerio Rico etc. € out of centuries of poverty, out years ]hosg ]couldn,t ¿ :a milk for all of its people. All childrqn under six of of colonial be in better hands. My only fear is that the Ç oppression. Our preliminary .Ja receive a quart of m ilk dai ly. The number of schools stay in J amaica was Spaniards may be too weak to hold onto them until - an eye opener, and while amaica I in the country has been increased six times. 100olo J and Cuba do not our population is suff iciently developed to take share an identical history, amaica pre-revolu_ of allthe children between 6-12 areattending J and them piece by piece. " Fifty years later the. - fr tionary Cuba have much in I school. 33o/o of all Cubans over 12 are students common. The J amaican southern states of the Confederacy looked-hungrily peop.! n a des perate (night school; etc.).;There are nowtwice as many 9 g.re.i s ituati on n"r ô toyrn ãn upon.Cuba ;, i to be added as a slave siate. Wrote ihen doctors as before the revolution is at2\o/o, inflation is rampant, a and free medicai in the slums people Secretary of State, later president, ames sleep on the sidewalks or ín caidboard J care for all. 25o/o oÍ the work force is female. Sex shacks. ïhã Buchanan, "Cuba is oursl l can feel it in my finger- t British pulled out 14 years ago and the current and race discrimination in emþloyment is out- tips." lawed. Day PrimeMinister, Michael Mánley, is a socialist who care centers for children of working F.or 61years, from 1B9B to 1959, the US held I parents over the last four years has attemþted to develop ^ are available f rom the age of 45 dayj to f ive Cuba.in its.power. First, it directly administered years. prostitution some of J amaica's wealth, bauxite Organized has been eliminated deposits and a the islandfrom 1B9B tolge2andfinishedoff the multi-million dollartourist industry, I , although freelancers still walkthe streets. The fbrthe mass of rebel armies. Then we forcedfhe Cubans to accept { \ the þeople. The US and the multi-nãtionals see orphanages have been closed and all children a new constitution containing the- infamous plaft ¡ , Manley as dangerous and are waging -¡ placed w¡th Cuban families. Education is totallv a covert war Amendmentwhich gavethe US the rightto intdr- t against the government. Tourisniha-s been cut f rire and educational opportunities are open to åll. vene in Cuban affairs at any time. lhe f irst , I New housing, hospitals, and schools and factories back,_the US airlines have cut back their f lights to "Cuban" president , was a US citizen by the name of a the island, local industries fjnd are bei n g constructed conti n uous ly. Apartment it impossibì-e to Palmas. We directly intervened occasiônally when t¡ borrow money to expand, rentals are pegged to no more than 10% of the caches of årms have been the native oligarchy was unable to maintain'control I t found around the island government t- workers wages and most house rentals are paid and the has and US marines were landed in Cuba in1906,1912, ) ¿ had todeclare a Stateof Emeigeñcy. /f ,ø, I toward eve.ntual home ownership. Under the new Noneof this and in 1917 . The Platt Amendment lE has gotten was *ithdru*n' laws all children have equal rights regardless of the much notice in our ñtass'press but the on ly with the /t ascendence to power of the American of f uture for J amaica may be either a sbcialist -1933. I wt I a I "legitimacy" their birth, divorces are easy to ob- supported dictator: Fulgencio Batista in 2 revòlution or a reactionary counter I t J 2 I tain, birth control is available to all, as are abor- ¡evolution , The US imposed a sugar monoculture on the is- , 4 a o a- 'underwritten by the CIR ála puerto . 3 a o tion s. Chile. J amaica, land, discouraging all other island industrv and ¿t I, ,' Rico{where a cataclysm is coming t l¡ - It TheSe are the statistics.of radical change jn a in a society agriculture that might com¡iete with the US I t_otally dominated by the US), the-countries I t society. These facts are available in books. The of exploiting the island's resources for the US and ì- tr/ Central America and South America, are in , educational value of our trip was to see how this much turning the island into a dumping ground for US ,/ the same place that t transformation was accomplished and to under- Cuba wäs in 195é-and the man.ufactured goods and t Cuban model even othèr agricultural t/ stand the role qf individual Cubans in this massive has many implications forlhese products. The results were poverty, countries. mass un- undertaklng employment, famine and disease. Bv 1958, the last '/ Cuba was We entered Havanaon Sept. 1, at ¡ight, on a bus . .Pre-revolutionqry an impoverished year of the Batista dictatorship, the US conîrolled t island dominated by imperial forces.',,Dis- / from the J ose Marti airport to our rooms at the BO%o oÍ the utility companies in Cuba, 90% of the t covered" by Columbu s in 1492, the native popu- a / Hotel Nacional. The d¡rkness added to the surreal cattle ranching, 1OO%oof theoil refining, 5oo/o of . lation was totally destroyed by disease . quality of the passage. For, after all, for Ameri- andS[anish the railways ,4Ùo/o of the sugar industry, and2|o/o a conquest and the island was / cans, Cuba is not a place you can call your local then repopulateä by of all bank deposits. ' Spanish colonialists and their - travel agent to arrange a visit and we had heard Africán àlaves. Cuba The mass of Cubans suffered. One out of nine / was the last country in Latin America I more stories of what to expect than we could to free itself had milk twice a week. One in 25 had meat once or from Spanish rule (1898) and the absorb. I looked out of the bus, looking for armed last Latin twic,e a week and orie in 50 had eggs. 25 % of the American country to abolish (1886). soldiers on every corner and saw none. I looked for slavery Cuban population was completely illite¡a1e and25o/o was nationalists had struggled for almost'100 vears for darkened streets and empty roads and saw instead functionally illiterate. Between 1gO2- 1959, one , ' independence from Spain, with the greatést - lighted shops,,factories going all night, and as new school was bu i lt i n the city of Havana 600/o periods and much street traff ic in cars and pedestrians as a of revolutionary warfare betleen 1B6g and of the people had a less than three years of schooling. t. f Saturdayeveningoþ Boylston Street. ln fact, forthe 6WlN Dec.9, 1976 Woodcut from Liberat¡on News Service Dec,9, 1976 WIN 7

I f irst day my greatest educational experience was in Catholics were always a minority. secure kosher,food and supplied buses to Hebrew revolutionaries, they admitted, but they should seeing how normal everything was and how much Unfortunately, or perhaps inevitably, the church classes up until this past year when the number of never be in positions where they can inf luence the alike, at leaston the surface, ourtwocountries are. always maintained its colonial nature. Untilthe childr.en wishing to study Hebrew declined to a young; for example as teachers. Several years ago, Outside of meetings, interviews and trips, we Revolution, 80% of the Catholic clerþy were for- point where it made no sense to continue the in fact, police in Havana rounded up homosexuals were constantlyout in the streets of Havana. Seven eign born, Mostof these were conservative special classes. According to Baldas, many J ews on the streets and shipped them off towork farms Spanish priests who annually celebrated the of 11 in our groupwerefluent in Spanish, threeof (i.e. ethnic J ews who no longer practice their for ''re-education . " World opin ion and the inter- them were hispanics (two'Chicanos and a Puerto Anniversary of 'Generalisimo,Franco's victory in religion) are members of the Communist Party and 'vention of Fidelhimself ended that program. Rican) and language-differences were not a Spain in 1939. While individual priests did resist some hold important government positions. Todaythe lotof the individual homosexual is past Cuban dictatorships, the majority, if they con- problem. We went wherever we wished, were The churches exist, people practice their I better.,-l-hey are in fact active as Party members,. never followed, and talked to everyone. At notime cerned themselves with politics at all, supported religion, butthefuture forthem is not bright and artists, workers, and even as teachers, although were we ever challenged, or questioned by the the repressive status quo. Many individualCubans sonrewhere down the road I think they,will dis- they feel that thôy must keep the fact of their sexual police or army personnel. We met workers, we met had personal stories of how the churches appear. For me, unlike some in our delegation, this orientation to themselves or face ridicule. students, religious leaders, soldiers, vacationing and prie\ts had been indifferent to their poverty is both historically understandable and, in terms of Some Cuban off icials seem to be re-examining farmers from as far away as Orientte province. We, before the Revolution and it is these personal building a new society; even rìêc€ssâr|: the issue. Our interview with Rolando Boras, experiences that have made the people bitter. met people who supported the Revolution and I was also'interested in seeing how Cuba was' foreign Secretary for the National Committee to With the victory of the Revolution many priests people wtro d¡d not. And surprisingly to me, people dealing with lik¡eration movemq4ts we know in the Defend the Revolution was interesting because i nvolved themselves i n counterrevol utionary were always friendly and glad to meet people from US as feminism and gay liberatioh and I pursued there seemed to be a dialectic at work. ln'our' activities and were expelled f rom the country. the US; when we could get them to believe that we these questions with the people we met. meeting'l raised the question of homosexuality and Later, the invading mercenary army defeated at : were indeed North Americans. Wewere mistaken The Cuban Revolution has made a commitment he replied at length about how Cuba was building Playa Ciron would be made up of many Catholics for Canadians, Venezualens, and Russians. And to the equality of women . Creat advances have "a nqw man'f with no place for non-masculine and include three priests. when people spoke to us about the suffering been made, buttrueequality is still notafactof men; orchild molesters in this "new morality." I No longer a threat to the government, today the imposed on them bythe US blockadeor aboutthe life. Sexual discrimination in jobs is outlawed and responded that this new morality. seemed identical (to people churches are left alone. There are two Catholic horrors of Vietnam whose they feel wom en now con stitu le 25 o/o of the work force, an d wiih our own old morality and that heterosexuals Seminaries at which 60 men are studying for the especially close) they always distinguished are integrated into such formerly all male profes- were perfeitly capable of being sick and of government priesthood and half of the Catholic clergy and all of between the US and the Anierican sions as medicine and law. Day care centers make,it molesting children. As we left, I handed him a copy the students are Cuban born. People attend the people. We found this same ability to resist hating possible for mothers to work and paiiC mater.nity of the newsletter of the Susan Saxe Defense Com- - . government has done, also churches but not in great numbers, Youngsters are I Americans for what our ieaveof six months isthe rule. Howevêr;only15o/o mittee and told him " l'd ike you to have this news- in hotel, who, still brought by their parents to catechism classes. among those Vietnamese staying our of economic and political leadership posts are held letter, it is about afriend of minewho is in prison." in Vietnam, The Archbishop, rêf lecting general clerical in spite of all of the blood letting by women, only 12.7o/o of the Communist Party He was riodding his head and I said "she is a opinion, I think, is not optimistic about the f uture of became our closest friends in Havana. members arewomen, and in thefirstelections held revoli.¡tiortary." Hewas nodding in affirmation and I clergy or the church in Cuba. The churches have withdrawn, point Rarely have traveled with so many met in Matanzas last year, only 3o/o of the delegates I said "and she is a lesbian," at which he turned inward, as if waiting for the Revolution to so many church leaders as I did on this trip. We elected were women. Most hopef ul is that this smiled and said "well¡ allthings are possible in the pass like a storrn in the night. met with the hierarchy and with the rank and f ile of situation is being discussed openly in Cuba as a Lord's vineyard:" However, homophobia in Cuba There are many Protestant churches in Cuba; believers, and the picture that emerged was fairly failure which must be corrected. ln a speech last is something we must remain critical of and con- Presbyterian, Methodist, Episcopal, etc., and clear. Religious worship in Cuba is unimpeded by year, Fidel declared: "One of thethings thatour tinue a dialogue on. there are Protestant seminaries. At a seminary in \ the government. Within the churches and Revolution will be judged by in the future years is Another over-riding interest for us was the Matanzas, we found more support for the Revolu- r synagogues there is no government interference. howwe have resolved womenls problems in our status of human rightsin Cubã and specif ical.ly the places of worship tion. The seminarians and rnany of the clergy go to prisoners. The Ameri- l-lowever, outside of these society and in our homeland . . . " An anti-sexism treatment affoided political cut cane one month of the year as their voluntary restrictions are numerous. Prosletyzing is not educational car¡paign is underWay, spearheaded can press and Cuban exile groups in this country gutdoor services are not allowed. labor. Rev. Sergio Arce, theologican, pastorand of prisoners in allowed, bythe National Federation of Cuban Women, a have actively relayed stories Cuba, : Religious processions in the streets are not al- director of the Matanzas Protestant Seminary told Amnesty grass rootsorganization towhich 80olo of theCuban often alleging mistreatment. lnterna- , people us: "For years the churches were praying for the lowed. Clergy are not allowed tovisit in women belong. The most interesting victory so far tional has joiñed in such reporting and has stated liberation of Cuba. When our prayers were their homes or in hospitals unless they have been has been the passage of legislation called The that prisoners haveìbeen tortured. So, armed with parochial answered we did not know what to do. " Arce, who questionswith '. ; specif icálly called for. The former schools Family Code which mandated sex equality in all such press clippings, we raised these has hung pictures of both Fidel and Camilo Torres were all nationalized. More inhibiting than these areas of Cuban life and made husbands and wives our hosts. ltwas not a popularquestion. We had no (a Coiombian priest killed while f ighting with the legal restrictions is the attitude of the mass of equally responsible for family duties and for hopes of visiting any of the maximum security peãple who are not believers and who are likely to guerillas in his country) in his study, also said: We did have the report housework. This has been a blow to the macho i prisons, no foreigners have. people who make a show of "The Cuban Revolution has carried out many of the criticize or ostiacize image of Cuban males and is diff icult legislation to of Lee Lockwood, in his book Castro's Cuba, etc. values Christians held most dearly-feeding the going to church, wearing religious symbols, enforce (although failure to do housework has now Cuba(s Fidel, that he was told by Fidel that theré - hungry and clothing the naked. Our duty now is to Thè government is atheistic; theteaching in the become legal grounds for divorce, which at a rate of were 20,000 political prisoners in Cuba and when is and membership in the Com- develop atheology of cane cutting," meaning a schools atheistic; 1 :2 has surpassed even the US). Members of the he expressed interest in understanding the theology for building a revolutionary society, jeep .-. munist Party is denied to religious believers. As we Communisl Party havetaken the lead in setting an rehabilitation probess, Fidel put him in his and people The J ewish community seemed most integrated talked with the in the çhurches, with the example fotthis ñew order of equality. ihere is the took off for a prison farm where Lockwood.and priests, of the three religious communities into the new Archbishop, with other with Protestant story of one party member whowas willing to do Fidel sat down with the prisoners for a talk. and a ewish leader, the situation became society. Before the Revolution, there had been prisoners Lockwood was clergy J the laundry for the f irst time but asked his wife to Much of whatthe told government 12,000 J ews in Cuba. 10,000 have gone into exile, understàndable not as a model of hang it outside on the line because he didn't want repeated to us by a young Catholic lawyer we met persecution but as a result of historical as did theonly Rabbi in the country. However, of religions be sé'en by his male neighbors. wilh, in private, in Havana. While it is difficultto , according to Moises Baldas, the President of one to necessity. The situaiion of homosõxuats in Cuba is not so' depend on a single interviewto draw conclusions synagogue and also Director of a commission of all The churches came to Cuba with the Spanish admirable and is particularly depressing for its about suih a vital question, we were impressed f ive oÍ the synagogues in the country, those who army. The churches helped subdue the island as attitudes in our own country. I regu- with the man's personal inVolvement with the left were for thqmost part wealthy business similarity to effectively as any imperial soldiers. They baptized larly raised questions of the status of homosexuals prisoners and his seeming openness and honest.y' people. Those J èws who remained made a commit- and married and buried and while B0% of Cubans with politicians and clergy we met and the He had defended political prisoners in court and ment to participate in a new Cuba. All five were nominally Catholic, even the Archbishop ad- responses were fairly uniform and visited them in prison. Members of his own family synagogues have weekly servicei, some have daily mitted to us thatthe religion was neve'r deeplv familiar-"homosexuality is a sickness" or, as were in prisoir, others were in exile. He described people practicing prayer services and the government helps them to ingrained in the and that Fidel has said, "a deviation.r' Homosexuals can be the rehábil¡tation program for prisoners, which

8WlN.Dec.9, 1976 Dep. 9, 1976 WIN 9 involves re-education (often beg.inning with simply These answers to our questions about Cuba do "educat ion " for i l l iterates an p"h ) di arJ viì cul wörÉ not form a complete picture. Someone as having four stages: 1) regular else will pi¡iJ"i."Ìi"Ë:""' have to.bring backa detailed report at a prison faim,3jfurtoulh on the agri_ IlSlitÍli"rk system cultural situation,.health care, education, oühe home and, 4) parole,.living at hóme, ]:.,|y'_rlt_r but current national elections. What I wish most to wtrn.regutar reports to tþe authorities. He toíd us gonyey, however, is not facts but a feeling Îf,u that the prisoners were well cared for; that th; sentences,were feettng ot what ¡t means to be a citizen in Revolu_ usually just and neceésary in a tionaryCuba-which. every day is buílding a new revolutionary situation; that there were indeed soc.ietyboth.physically brutal guards anci spiiitually. lt means to Graham Center: but that when they came to the at_ De tnvotved tn a blockorganization, tention of in awoman,s higher autholities such guards were organization, in the pu¡ ished personal Comhunisì Þu'.iv, und abovã or dismissed. lf, in h¡s vË¡is ail., to be at work. with prisoners For the people are working hard. Hope for the Smalt Farmer he ha{ never hearciåny stôiius ot School children in the countrv-s¡Je -' torture. Fidel has often categoricdly *oi[fraif oi äenied the each day in the fields. ln.the t'oba¿co use of torture on the groundlthat fãciory we met toi.trrã Jà_ school children of 14 and ls wor[¡nã humanizes the society that fãii-hr'ee houii uses it. before attending school. We met reiir;dô;ói;;' PETER SHIRAS pensions who had returned to their jobs ih thb fac_ i. j9ry, working.at contributinþ no.pay, tneir taboi.- ln 1972, the Rural Advancement Fund of the needed was a comprehensiie approach. ln Pierce's We.met people at the seminaries whã went out National Sharecroppers Fund quietly and un- words: each year to cut cane in the fields u, volrniáéir. obtrusively purchased 508 acres of depleted, From the youngest sandy . We oiffer a total approach to rural problems herølat to the oldest, * fornJóãopl" soil in Anson County, North Carolina. The land hail Ð who understood the necessity the.Craham Center.l. Wetgach howtofarm most for theiriónir¡bl_ been farmed in cotton for years and then ãr) tion, whp made rhat contribui¡on economically and productivelv on asmall holdins; ;illi;;ly U"ããur" abandoned. Since 1972,that land, expanded to 650 they could see materially how low-i ncome Íarmers can link up withothers - the fruit oithelr'labóifoi acres, has becomethe F.P. Craham Experimental the entire society. like themselves to form coóperat¡i"t *n¡rn the - Farm and Training Center. The peopleof the Forty-f ive minutés from best single hope they have. We teach how coops^re Havana, very near to the Craham Center hope to transform that mined and sea, a new city of Alamar can'hold their own in thetough, tricky world of is being built. it is now a lifeless sand into rich, fertile soil c.ity ot 20,000. and with it bring a marketing. Eventual ly, 1 50,000 people wi I I I ivà there. new and innovativeapproach tothe problems of There are high risô'apar'tmeÅì hðrrur, rural poverty. According to a 1966Off ice of Economic Oppor- schools. tactories, markets, polyclinics, day care The historyof NSF dates backto the Nor- tùnity report,.Anson County ranked among the centers, recreational days of ind facilitíes. But'moit im_ man Thomas and the New Deal. For sharecroppers lowest 1oo/o oî all counties in the nation accõrding pressively, the city has been built by the Cuban and tenant farmers in the 1930's, the New Deal to poverty indicators: education, literacy, health workers for themselves. Workers from the fac_ spelled disaster. Encouraging a cutback in produc- care,, housing and incom e.22.2o/o of the residents tories, organized into micro-brigades, untrained in tion to raise farm prices, the government enacted were f unctionally illiterate. There were37 .5 construction, but with r the assistãnceóf architecis, the Agricultural Adjustment Act. The AAA, how- , physicians/100,00 compared to a national average q'i technicians, with material "t supplied by the state, ever, forced sharecroppers out of work and tenant of 61.1 and 25 infant death/1000 compared to a clrcl all ot the construction work. Back in the facr' r farmers off the land they had farmed for national average of 17 / 1OOO. ln 197O in Anson tories, their fellow workers were responsiblefor generations. Seeking power in organization, the County, the median income for all was $6013 and a.l covering for their comrades who vVeie s at Alamár bV f irst biracial ulion south of the Mason-Dixon line the median income for Blacks was $4376, with up the ' .kggninc same rate of pro¿u.ilõn às'before. was formed and called the Southern Tenant 46,7o/o officiálly living in poverty. , 'I' when.the apartments are ready, an elected council Farmers Union. The STFU attempted to force Employment in agriculture in 1971 was half of of workers., us i n g th e. criteri a of revol ution ary zeal southern landowners to keep tenant farmers on what it had been in 1963. |n1964, black farmers and material need selected those workers, fam¡l¡es their property as'was required bythe AAA. operated 27 .1o/o of the county's farms but by 1969, *.çñ{, who" would live in the new apârtmenìsi *f,.th"r" inã The National Sharecroppers.Fund grew out of bl ack f armers operated only 1 4 . 4o/o of th e f arm s a workers had been in on - theàonrt.r.iión òlnuA and in supportof the efforts of STFLJ loss of 146 farmers in f ive years. While blacks lost * been doing overtime and farm'labor wort bacÈãtiñä fäctor¡"s. oganizing in California. NSFwas 60.1%o of theirfErms, thecountyasawhole lost So it is in Cubatoday. incorporated in . They do not havãmanyof only 25o/o of its f arm s. Bl ack own ed f arm s * the 1943 and channeled f unds into farm labor or- averãge 98 \.' things we take for lranted herã in ihðün¡te¿ acres/farm while yvhite-owned farms I ¡r\. ganizing', heälth, and education improvement. ln average 2Õ7 We spent our time dedicut"Jtv,ãui.f,iÃe ¡- 'il lJulu:, addition, it opened a Washington office to lobby to acres,/farm. This has forced more and more rural o tor toilet seats and found not a 't one in Cuba, from" protect the interests of small farmers and farm- residents to seek employment in the cities or to f ind q the hotelto private homes, pártv tothe flãå¿- workerg. ln '1966, NSF created its iliate, work in textile mills or part-time employment. quarters. New clothes, jewelry, aff the \ all of the things Rural Advancement Fund, The record is the same for hundreds of counties that make for ,'goódt¡,tã;; to receive tax-exempt the í¡1lr,u uö uUîunt contributions. in the South. Without a land base, forced out of sno¡t supply in Cuba. But "* 9f l! what they do have, ln the late 196O's, NSF/RAFconcentrated its work by increased farm mechanization and ¡n abundance, is ef- a spirit, in short supply'in our own forts on helping two farmer-controlled squeezed out of farming by the need for greater country, ot being personally involved in their cooperatives in Ceorgia ãnd Vir:ginia. Although capital investment and farm size, the poor have no society, a confidence in themselves, tbr a spirit of these efforts brought success, NSF,/RAF, and choice but to look for jobs wherever they are, and pride, a s.pir.it of responsibility, of sótì¿ä¡tv. lf particularly J im Pierce, the new executive that usually means the city, NSF/RAF believes people who had been director, -i I' without hope for so long can believed that the problem that people should be able to choose to live in rural today be so hopeful of the small farmer could then how ca,i *" noirt ure that piecemeal areas and to earn a decent líving. hope- know not be solved through efforts-what was that with Cubans and with so many A recent NSF/RAF working paper stated the others around. globe the we can, ¡n the wãids of central missions of theorganization: I neooore l'arker, "re-torm the Peter Shiras spent2l/z months atCraham Center world,,, re_make past our world in a more just way. this sum mer, and is now a student at Cornell the improvementoÍ the social and economiccondi- Col I ege of Ag r icu ltu re. tionsof America's rural poor through agricultural

Che Cuevara from a poster by the Organizacion Continental de Estud¡antes Dec. 9, 1976 WIN,11 (( ski I I tr a i n i n g, ad aptation a nd de mon çtr ati on of staff is^extremely dedicated to the goals and belief s For such.a rural renaissance to occur, however, ment, has consumed large amounts of nonrenew- ap p rop r i ate ag r i cu ltu r al tech nol ogy, the ol the Uenter and the trainees believe that the the farmer f able resources and has directly contributed to the adv a ncem e small will have to ight against both nt of com m u n i ty -based cooper ative Ce,nter,is offering a great service problems organizations to the commun igy. agribusiness and the US goverriment. Hubert of urban areas. lf the rightto life, liberty and t.he promotion of naiional legis_ Although the Center has faced \ many diff iculties, ii Humphrey has said that food is a political weapon. and the pursuit of happiness means anything, it I ation wh.ich pr ov i des,r eà I i stic f i n anci ng and h.as gained also many successes. Earl Butz has die. must include a right to land and a right to have tech i èa I p told the small farmer "adapt or " n s u port to s m al I I a r me r s an déom m u n i ty _ A.preliminary _ study has shown that 85.% of The USDA has consistently neglected the small control over the basic dêcisions of one's I ife. based, non-agr icultural r ural developm'ent Craham Center trainees have found employment farmer and opposed programs for his benef it. The This, in a very f undamental sense, is what the programs.. aftertheirtraining. Manyof them have ietúrned to latest exam pl e of th i s fact is U SDA opposition to a Craham Center is all âbout. lt seeks to empowe| it.is with their own farms. The Center is currentiy piil"i;g; bill that would encourage direct marketing , peoplewith control overtheirown livqs, it seeks to. Craham Center as a focal point that theie training progra¡n - ideas will take in. hog management, piouiàing' between farmer and consumer, helping both the return a vital ity to the rural areas wh ich were once shape. Hopefully, tlie Centerwill the atso serve trainees with somelows to-get them siarted small farmer and the consumer. Butthe USDA is the life and blood of thecountry and it seeks to give as a model and a catalyst to other organi_ and.developing zations. a hog marketin! cooperative. à wedded to the agri-business industry and as a hope to the rural poor who are poqr in this, the stmttar set-up is being.prepared Pr:esentlV,. the Center runs three for sweet potatoes".-- result the small farmer is disappearing. richest country in the world. NSF/RAF hopes that training .The Center is activély researchins programs. aliãiÀat¡ve The small farmer is not necessarily more ) someday it will rio longer have to exist as an organi- The f irst program is a basic level course methods in- "- of agriculturaí production: pðii i in 4gricultural and vocaiional skills includir,l-- .ðni-l eff icient than his larger counterpart. Small farmq in zation ; th at, som eday the cou nty exten s ion serv ce prograrhs, organic fertilizer mixtures'and and all other Federãl, state and local governmental pracfices, m i labor_ Taiwan greatly outvield large lrl$ farms by using q ach n ery operat ion ãn d-repa i Lllll i I ¡, intensive cultural practices. job welding, construction and Atthe sameiime, it small-scaletechnology and much greater imputs of agencies will be doing the that NSF/RAF is now carpbntry, and cro.ps'to management train ing. The participants Fforys.g.a:h ease its immediate f¡näncial labor. However, the United States has chosen a doing in such a limited way. But despite its limits, are all area b¡nd. Visitors trom all overtheworld reSidents, some with their own family have cometo type of agriculture that requires large capital NSF/RAF and the Craham Center will continue farm, othãrs the Center and the Center ¡tself justice more interested in skills in constructi'on or iilniereJed in' investment, large acreage, and small inpuls of until and self-determination come torural worki n g i n_tern ational ly. Craham poor people, . machinery. Thetrainees are identif ied CentJ s model of labor. The so-called eff iciency of US agriculture is areas, to farmers and to black and to as at rural development is poverty level and are applicabl'e both,in this country not based on the laborof the farmer, which is white. Asone person attheCenterput it, "f \;vant stipended through tgfn'' ' and abroad. fu1ds. The program minimal, but on the large inputs of fqssi I f uels and Craham Center to be a light, a beacon, for the runi for nine monihs.- A recent - development has been the construction supportive industry. ln US whole world to see. " _ The second training program is designed to energy terms, agricul- of a community cannery at the Center. The develop leadership cap'abilities and to ãont¡nru cannery ture is not highly efficient. has been used by local residents to preserve CONTACT: training in agricultural managerhent and othei the Amer:ica blilt its countryon small family farms produce.they in people : skills, depgnding on the Croy their own gardens. and the small farmer is the backboneof society. For f urther i nformation trainée,s particular ay.al.so buy.produce interest. These 1n from,the Center farm to can. There is no reason why people who want to work trainees, again locãl farmers and ln addition Roc J ohnson, director residents, manage , the Center grows and preserves m uch the land, who have been doing so for years, who certainãspects of the Center,s ot Craham Center tarm tts own tood, and seeks in this way to be more rwant to produce food and mêke a positive contribu- operation and take part in the decision_ self-reliant. Rt. 3, Box 95 maki n g structure. at the öenter. The tion to human welfare should be denied that right. Wadesborol NC2B170 thiidìrai n i n g The Center has received favorable progi'am is one in codperative managemànt. responses from It is a right, ar¡d only recently has it become either a local organizations. An editorial in the Charlotte or Recognizing the need forsmall farmãrs to organize scourge to those who cannot make a decent living Observer stated, " . . .it is not unrealistic to think NSF/RAF into groups to be successf ul, the Center train-s coop farming or a privilege to thosé who can afford it. that out of the Craham Center's 650tired acres .: 2l2SCommonwealth Ave. managers who will in turn help producer and in Large-scale farming reduces the quality of food \ Anson County a rural renaissance mayflow.,, Charlotte, NC 28205 marketing coops to run succeisiullv. These , produced, has had adverse effects on the environ- trainees gain both f ield experience working on \ the Craham Öenter photos frdm The Anson farm and man,agement skiils from the ciâssroom Recotd, Anson County, North Carol ina. r teaching. Although the programs training constitute the- prime fÒcus of the Centei, itãlso has other con_ cerns. Much of the farming is done organ ically as the Center tries to turn sorñe leacheA ãÀ¿ ã.o.íuJ soil into productive land. The Center has a commitment to organic farming based on conservation and enrichment of the landi and a realization that intensivethemical farmihã will in the long-run prove disast'rous. A commitmLnt to rural people is necessarily ' a commitment to stewardshipof the land. The Center also conducts speciàt workshops and seminars. This past summer,-four people involved in French-intensive, bio-dynamic methods of horticulture came f rom Caiifornia for a week- lgng workshoþ that was extremely succàñul, lhe Center also accepts volunteers on the basis of their commitment to the goals of the Center and a will- ingness to work long and hard without f inaricial remuneration. . Craham Center is 4tiny island f iehtine the yho!g cu.rrent of agricultural and sõcial iolicy. lts tunding is precarious at best. Except foi a few iso_ lated examples, the Center is the only organized ettort in this country to help the smalí farmer. The

12 WIN Dec, 9, 1926 Dec.9, '1976 WIN 13 I t

conditioned houses with neat lawns and shady at the hours that the workers commute-otherwise l fenced yards, beautiful beaches., coconut andbther the water taxi costs $1 each way. trees for relief from the tropical sun, top f light On Ebeye most of the trees trave been cut down I schools and a hospital for good medícaÍcarõ. . . all and houses crowded in. The government supplies are part of the life 3000 Americans live on 308 one-room units, each housing a family, in Ebeye: Kwajalein. l one-story dingy unpainted cement blocks of siX, a Eþ."yu, 25 minutes from Kwajalein l . by ferry, has few feet apart. The other half of the housing is run- Apartheid the highest population density in pácific.'But l the in down wooden houses and shacks. From ten to contrast to the abundant sports and recreational twenty people live in each of the one and two room l US Style facilities on Kwajalein, Ebeye has almost none. For houses. Perhaps as many as % of them have the thousands of young people on the island there electricity and running water-which doesn't l arellz basketball courts and one emptv lot sand- mean they have hot water or toilets or showers wiched between bui ldi ngs nothing elóe. Ch i - i - ldren "running water" may simply mean a faucet out- playon the sewageoutfall pipeoverthe narrow side the house. littered beach where the outhouses crowd between There are no outhouses on Kwajalein; the the high water mark and the shabby housing. goVernment suppl ies indoor bath iooms'with hot cTFFJOHNSON pre-school _. Thg is in a small wooden building. , water, and air conditioning as well. And from the The elementary 'rt'nÐ school is more wooden buildiñgs nameplate next to each door, it appears only one and a cement blockof eight classrooms. Wh ile Kìssinger travels to Africa to ,,solve,, l Together family lives ín each house. Ign.y they provide barely enough space for half tne problems of apartheid there, the US tñe UN and other studies reveal the critical health is.main._ children, and hundreds the same system as parr of the military of children wander the and sanitation conditíons on Ebeye. A recent report l1l1il,F island in aimless groups during the day. establ¡shment of the American empire in Workers called Ebeye "a biologícaltime bomb waiting to go the who want go Pacific. their older children to to intermediate off . " Yet there is only one doctor for the Z00O or high school must send them to the district center people on the island, and doctors on Kwajalein are ($53.80one -e at Majuro way). Many cannot, of proh i b i tedf rom vol u nteeri n g to serve on beye. course, and older people comment th at12to 16 South Africa in the Pacific, but not yet Soweto. I year olds hang around and drink beer-there,s ' With the Marshallese totally dependent on the hothing else to do. dollars spent bythe US military, only minor No Marshalle*can liveon Kwajalein, butover complaints about health conditions are heard-and 500 work there, at service and maintenance jobs for those only rarely. the military and their families. Workers whó make The UN Truiteeship Agreement calls for the ferry trip each morning the US must beoff Kwajalein to promote the economic, educational I by 9 pm and social at the latest. advancement of the inhabitants protect The.men jobs and to the . ial necessary to keep a military "rights and fundamentalfreedoms base clean of all elements and trim and f unctionine oav the of the population without discrimination.,, Marshallese at least the US minimüm wage of However, 30 years of destructive American action $2.40 per hou¡-the average wage is $3.15. From in the Mdrshall lslands, f rom the Bikini bomb tests this the breadwinner mustÍeed l-b to ZO people at to apartheid in Ebeye, has forced the Marshallese Ebeyeprices, which are high forthe scanty sup- into dependence on this degrading source of in- plies of canned f ish and vegetables, pop soda ånd come, with what Senator Kabua cãlls ,,all candv in s.mall.shops. Shopping at lôw pX the ills of miÍitäry the ghetto, " and has offered no alternatives prices on Kwajalei n.i s for cloied tõMarshal lese, re- their economic developnrent. served for holders of military The Marshalls wiil \ lD cards. never develop toward "seif-government (Þ- Even to go to the places that Marshallese or inde- are pendence" as specified ¡n thè UN Ciff works allowed on Kwajalein,.such as Agreement if Johnson wi.th the Micronesian Support the airport or post they have no-choice of Co m m whetheror nolthe milítary i tte e i n H o n o I u I u, a, A, u c"Á i i èl' off ice, they must first fill out an application ând re- Drawing by Nuez li r;;:"A stays at the Kwajalein Missife Range. f rom atwo month trip thr.ough.Mi¿;;;;;.^:,' ceive a permit f rom the off ice of the District Ad- ministrator on Ebeye. And the free ferry runs 14WlN Dec.9, 1976 only &

Dec.9, 1976 WtN 15 .3,000 people convicted single bv largest expense in the past and going broke. The peaceship had never made credit purchases mi I itary tribunals rouryears únd"r. *hi.h has been $471,39Opaid has been docked in the Hong of US arms. Since then, the accused have - to Thai bor- no constitutional former Attorney Ceneral J ohn Kong-Maccau area for over six rights. rowing has risen frqm $8 million in Mitchell and ex-Cômmerce Secre- months trying to repair broken FY1975 to $36.2 miltion ,,in tarY ¡n rVig/0. ES 900 people the process Maurice Stani for their de- sails and a warped hull. They are in the current f of And iscal , : fense vear- being tried" in other words in their New York perjury trying to do charter work in the 1977 will borr'ow$30 charged - trial. Stans, has -Thailand but awaiting trial. meanwhile, asked , Hong Kong area as well as film' million towards estimated total the Trust o and between 1,000-2,000 for another $157 ,697 in photography to raise money for the purchases of $45 million. fees, including for the people who have off iðially ,,dis_ $1B,6oo ship's next voyage, but are havine Among the major arms pur- time he spent preparing evidence appeareld" since being arrested. diff iculties because of the þrobleri cha.ses made by the Thai military for his triál. Stans wants the re- getting Numerous work in such an in the past three years are: . eye-witness accounts organized CREEP to pay him $:O impoverished country. ' rndrcate that Chilean authorities o 48 Rockwgll lnternational I an hour for his time. ln four to six weeks they would are responsible for ,,disao_ OV-1 0C Bronco cou nterinsurgencv these _ Straight Creek like to set sail for the Philiþpines, pearances,', thou$h govern_ planes. These ai rcraft are l1 the þ, lndonesia and lndia to spread their l menthas consistently : equipped to carry bombs, deñied anv anti-nuclear message. They will napalm i xnowledge of their and rockets. whereabouts. STUDY FINDS MANY INDIANS need money to get enough provi- l ¡ 20 Fairchild/Pilatus AU-23A . _tNs STERILIZED BY USACENCY sions for the long journey. P eace m ake r cou n teri n su rgency The lndian Health Service The FRI is not financed by big planes. Ps PROr Es T C I I I.Y^C_Bgg H NA'S sterilized than 3,400 donations, foundations or o l BIGGEST ATMOSPHERIC more lndians 16 Northrop.F-5E Tiger-il jet iËsf companies. lt raises all its monev during a four-year period, often f ighters. l Ch ina' s gg.est from individual contributions. bi atmospheric apparently without telling them lf' o 8 Bell UH-1H Iroquoìstroop-car- nuclear you would like to help, write bomb test November 1Z such operations were notinanda- the rying helicopters. u picket protest Fiiends of the FRl, 5021 {Tg* at thå tory, the ÇeneralAccounting Of- o1 Lockheed C-130 Hercules cargo t,hlnese Mission to the UN in New fice said today. Cuadalupe Trail NW, Albuquer- plane, York. que, NM 87107. We 11fiD-RATLY The bomb was estimated ió The Congressional accounting have written o 62 armored cars. tN LONDON FOR h.ave been u forceof material, copies of the book FRt PEACE IN held without trial under I3,uS ror..niilion diì;; agency released a report on a sui- ln addition, Thailand has re- NORTHEU iNCiÁÑO the country,s -"'"' I N l, approximately A/ert (aboutthe ship's entry ¡nto state of iiù;. 20 times more vey it conducted of four of the 12 ceived substantial quantities of US Thousands of marchers.from I ne announcement, ul than the one explo¿eJin- health service areas the French nuclear test zone in l Ene_ which still Rowerf in arms through the Military Assis- reaves, Uctober (Changes, - 1973).anda slideshow being put tand, lreland, Europe and the an estimated 6,000 political WIN- Albuquerque, NM; Phoenix. Ariz; ' tance Program (MAp). TotalMAp prisoners ' 10/.28/76). togetheron the FRI's Peace unltecl states joined a rallv for in Chile, comes j¡,oritu That bómb sprinkled Aberdeen, SD and Oklahomâ C¡tv. grants to Thailand for fiscal years peacein Detore ' radioactive Odyssey. FRI peace cards are also Northern lreland which the United Nations Eco_ fallout u, faiâ*äuå, Okla. The agency concluded thai'' 1973-77 amount to $155 millíon. took place nom ic, Ëhe eastern US. available to be f illed out and re- ín London.,s i*iälää, and Soçial Councii;s vãe on Because of the number of tndian sterilizations - Thailand has also received $81 a'er weather conditions, turned to the FRI'as it visits Square on Saturday, NouemUËi'zz. a.resol ution condemn ing Chi lã;; the fallout at all12 centers during the period million in surplus military gear in violations from thq most nuclear pgwers throughout the rne march was called by of human righ"ts. rf,iãrw recent test has nclt- ended last J une 30 probably far the same period underthe members yet world. Excess of the peace movement in Ulster- observers feel that the"jrniå;r-"' dropped to Earth-briii¡n_ exceeded 3,400. -Craig Simpson Defense Articles program. i evitablywill. Northern treland, to,"uifiirn iñiå" move was aimed at influencing this CAO, in a report released by Del iveries to Thailand under Thg,Ngy_V.ork these nattonal support for the peace votê. protest was spon_ Senator J ames Abourzek, ptograms , USARMSANDTHE have included: ll sored movement. "lt.is a drop in the sea,,, said by WRL, Scientists & Ei_ Democrat of South Dakota, said o 25 Hughes TH-55 l grneers_tor THAI MILITARY lightobserva- J ane Èwart-Biggs, I sabe.l Letel Sociãl politicalAc_ that the , wife of the ier, widow of Orlando & sterilization consent forms tion helicopters. il assassinated tion and Women For past British ambassador Letetier, the Chilean exile leader Strike forÞeaãe. found in the files of the lndian the two years, Thailand,s r 8 Cessna O -1 Bird Dog observa- to lreland, ,ti;;;; wno-was Like the Ocrober armed forces ri told the rally, assassinated in Washins_ demo, Ch ¡nàiã' Health Service "were generally have been making tion planes. entering someth in g constructivä'to comô- ton September2l. "tum gìãã:iä' the Mission shunned the not in compliance with lH rg8uía- unusually heavy purchases of ùS ¡ T.Cessna U-17 Skywagon jl pickets.and.ref light out,ot my husband,s those who have used to , arms. This-spending peaked destruction. I been releãsed. But accàpi l'eåf_ tions."' in the utility planes. tets. reet a compulsion to turn the sense it makes me furious the wãvitrei-' which declared,,Sociaiist The most widely used consent Tqnths before the rnilítary coup of o 10 patrol planes. Fallout - ot waste into something construc_ use.these prisoners to irnpiou"-' ls J ust As Dangerous As torms gave no indication whether October 6. Most of the éqúipmónt Thailand's police forces have tive. rneJr lmage Capitalist Fallout.,, " patient ordered by Bangkok " every time things are -l¡ln È""t the had been informed of a is desiþned also been making substantial pur- __lpu B3qz, American folksinger diff icult. What about th¿ o¿ñ;;i,, right not to consent to sterilization tor counterinsurgency warfare or chases of US arms and riot-coñtrol and nonviolent ju4ta claims j00-' C.R.E.E.P. STILT nor did they contain internal security operations. activist, and lra" that the a written equipment. Recent purchases . .The CREEPINGATONC Sandper.l, former diredtor of the relea.sed pri soners representìhe notice of such rights. According to the Department of include 20 Cadillac Cage V-150 lnstitute for the Study of Non_ total held without trial under CAO undertook the survey after Defense, Thai orders for US arms Com m an doarmored cãrs, thã Alth.ough the 197îelection ís al_ 6g4 vlolence, were among the country's state of siege. But ac_ Mr. Abourz'ek, chairman of the under the Foreigñ Military Sales Smith & Wesson revolveri, lgqdy} istory, Richard Nixon G' 3.5 memþers of an American cording to Amnesty lnternational, Senate interior subcommittee on (FMS) program rose from an million Smith & Wesson,piitol delega_ 197 2 Committee to Re-Elect the tion in the an lnternational I ndian affaj r9, received a.verage of $6 m i I lion per year primers, march. organ ízation President is still creep;ne complai nts and 1,000 Smith and -Newiäãsl which ãlo;ã. during f years investígates violations of The committee-known that many lndian women were iscal 1971-7 3 to a Wesson cartridges. h.uman rights around,the as being sterilized for birth staggering $89.6 million in world. CREEP- lives on today control . Since arms deliveries often tag the releases affect only aJthe wíthout their consent or FY 197 6. Thai land' s 197 6 ouir- behind RELEASËS300 those dó_ " 197 2 Campai gn Liquibatiön- arms orders by a year or çH|LE tainees held in three officially knowledge. Ny Times chases alone excgeded ¡tjtotal or- mo.re, rusf ." According to the - some of the weapons lMqNERs tN PRoPAGANüA recognized camps Tres ,l Wash_ ders for the preceding 25 years ordered.by ,,A Alamos Thailand prior to the , MOVE: DROP tN TFIE uuatro - puchuncavi. ' IBton Monthly, mostof the Seã,ì Alamos and rust's PEACESHIPBROKE combined. Oc.tober 6 coup have not yet ,t spending has gone to the þeen The . An October UN report states tegal To finance these purchases, deltvered. Any congressional Chilean government an_ tees of CREEp,sJormer em_ The FRl, the anti-nuclear peace- ef_ that,9hi lean prisons'are actual ployees. Thailand has begun to borrow tort next year to cut aid nounced Novemþer 16 the release ly ship sailing to nuclear power to Thailand nordtng an estimated 6,000 per_ heavily f rom the US Department of could apply retroactively of some 300 political prisoners who The Trust began this year with countries around the world to mili- sons: ^ - twlN. Defense under the FMS credit tary assistance still in pipeline. $1.6 million stiil in the bâ;k. 5/27 /761is stuck in Hong Kòng the ¡;;" program. Prior to 1975, Tháildnd Michael Klare/lnternews 16WlN Dec.9, 1926 - l, Dec.9, 1976 WtN 17 rl

,l l', ,¡ CRADLE.TO-CRAVE pants, and often wanderèd awaY CORAL CABLES, FL-There wiI I - M¡LITARIZATION from the targeted discussions be a conference on nonviolence at searching for food. To counter-act the Friends Meeting House, 1'l85 to a spokesPerson for comm.encing on According this, new wires were added to the Sunset Drive, . the Marine Corps League, an or- feline-one to detect the cat's Friday, December 10, 7 pm and ganization of gung-ho former hunger, and another to override running thru Saturday, December Marines, aYoung Marines grouP the ravenous feelings. 11 . Sponsored by the American is forming for boys between eight But hunger wasnlt the onlY ani- Friends Service Committee. For and seventeen. Sponsored bYthe mal instinct bugging the electronic information, call (305) 443-9836. Leagúe, and as yet unoff icial, the kittv, said Marèhetti. As it turned $3.50 donation for food. Young Marines features boot out, the tune-in tabbY was a "he old- DETROIT David Shaham wi ll campf drill, and "good cat who Iiked she cats," and he - ME AND BESSIE quote speak on " lmperatives for a fashioned Patriotism," to tended to wander awaY whenever Starring Linda Hopkins one off icer in the group. action hit Palestin ian-l sra'el i Peace" at the the urge for romantic 'lst Edisoniheatre / i4ÙWest4Tth Strêet . Boot camp, according to this him. Unitarian Church,4605 Cass same spokesperson, is just like the Again, Marchetti stated, two. Rd., Tuesday, December 7, 7 :30 Linda Hopkins is a former gospel tinger who grew up real thing without combat training. addñional wires were added to the pm. For information, call Detroit in New Orleans and has become a Broadway star- Presumably pugil sticks are not wRL (313) 833-3197. thanks to the recent mainstream popularity of the being used' Black musical. She is a respected artist in both,Black -Bobseetey/ ITHACA, NY- Energy Fair at and white theatrical circles. CCCO NewsNotes Millard Straight Hall, Cornell Uñi- Bessie Smith is a blues legend of the'20s - '30s who and WednesdaY, gained acclaim only after her untimely death in 1937. ARMED FORCESAD BUDGET versity, Tuesday December 7-8,10 am - 5 Pm, in- She lived in aworld of blatant racism. She died be- Uncle Sam spent aPProximatelY cluding: Sam Loveloy speaks on cause a southern white hospital ref used to treat her- -' ""' profusely ih an effortto the dangers of nuclear power, a Black-although she was bleeding from a M a ny so n g s ( s u ch "ïü"'',î[ilï':î:::i:' $76 million lastyear ", attract you n g en I i stees to the Tuesday, Straight Hall, 7:30 Pm. serious car accident. "You've Been A Cood Ole Wagon") are marred by various armed services. Hans Betha and Barry Commoner 1'l ain't Bessie, and I ain't gonna try to fool you. Bul the use of too much shallow "acting-out" of the lyrics. The pu bl ication Adverti si n g discuss nuclear power, BaileY there is a whole lot of Bessie in me. " These are Linda Suc'cess is complete in the sirnple, straightforward Age reports that the total amount Hall, Cornell, Thursday, Decem- ll Hopkins' opening lines in her lively and moving one- renditions of "Cod Shall Wipe All Tears Away," expended to sign uP Pentagon re- ber 9, 8 pm. tí woman show, Me and Bessie. "f ' Ain't Nobody's Bizness lf I Do ,'' ''Fare Thee to sense sexual cruits was about the same as was puss, this time one ll It would seem that the lives of these two women are Well," and "Trouble." spent by Proctor and Camble to excitement and a second to some- NYC-There will be an art exhibit light-years apart: they are separated by the evolving Ms. Hopkins is a singer, not an actress. This fact, it. promote its detergents, soaps, how submerge for the benef it of the War Resisters i. racial consciousness which distinguisheS today from combined with her broad sensê of humor, result in a After the exhaustive testing, League at Heiner Friedrich, lnc., yesterday; they are separated by life and death, even.. and gamey presentation. The hottest, laundry, and household Products. ' refreshing a'q The Marine CorPs rePortedlY Marchetti reported, the electronic 141 Wooster St. (Soho). The ex- But, after seeing Me and Bessie, it is clear that the sexiest songs are delivered tongue-in-cheek, and the f ready for its f irst spent $B million in its annual feline was inally hibit opens December 4 and rgns distinctions are muddy-thattl",rings are much the more somber songs glowìvith the shine of Ms. Hop- assignment, and was turned loose the 20th; the gallerY will be same, though the odds have shifted. Ms. Hopkins search for " afew good men"; ac- . thru kins'old-time religion and her simplefaith. cording to AdveltisingAge, this on the street and followed by a CIA open Tuesday - SaturdaY ,12 - states early in the evening that, asa Black girl Me and Bessie is threaded together by biographical was slightly less than what was ex- support truck loaded with elec- 6 pm. Among the,ParticiPating growing up in Bessie Smith's south, the choice was material from Bessie Smith's life. As the thread gear. pended last year to advertise tronic monitoring ait¡sts are: Carl Andre, Larry Bell, between tieing a laundress or "singing in the tents." reaches Bessie's downfall, the show swings out f rom Luck, however, had run outfor Walter De today's poor Black Preparation "H." -ZNS John Chamberlain, By and largè, the choices for the hard facts of Bessie's trge storyto a more uni' the fated feline. Before anY con- Maria and Richard Serra. Foi woman haven'tchanged much. Afterall, who is versal fabric. The songs "FareTheeWell," and UNDERCOVER KITTY versations could be picked uP, information , call (212) 473-8072. minding the children and doing the laundry-even in "Trouble" are Linda Hopkins addressing herself to Marchetti said, "the Poor thing the West Village (and who is turn ing tricks up on "ole the human condition. As in the beginning, Ms. Hop- Animal lovers, take care-Your to benef it the got run over by a taxi cab. " NYC-A Craftsale Broadway")? Even in the glory of Ms. Hopkins' that she is not Bessie Smith, but that favorite household Pet could be kins reiterates _ZNS War Resisters League. Rugs, success, a blow up of a (Daily News) review in the moonlighting as an undercover there is much of Bessie irr her. pottery, wêavi n g, batik, knitti ng, theater lobby proclaims her as "a blues singing grow in but I i gence EVENTS I am not a singer, I did not up the'south, agent for the Central .l ntel leather, Af rican jewel ry, candles, cherub with teeth like a rowof footlights." Does that is much of Bessie-and cif L¡nda'Hopkins-in Agency. Reverends Douglass there BOSTON American antiques. Friday to Sun- like a quote | Cl - sound Írom 1976 or from 1923? me, too. The show is a success: it is highly enter- Victor Marchetti, former A Wilson and Philip Zwerling speak - day, December 10 - 12.11am 6 The road is still rough: Ms. Hopkins'voice shows taining, while at the same time it points to some of the executive assistant and 14-Year on "Which Way to the Revolu- pm. 345 Lafayette St. near the strain of starring in aone-woman show-with t real faõts in the lives of Black female performers of veteran with the AgencY, told an at the CommunitY Church, tion?" Bleeker. f rom f ive to eight performances per week-for over a Anaheim conference sPonsored bY past and present. Brenda Dixon-Stowelf'' . Morse Auditorium, 602 Common- year. lt is an incredibly rasping voice, even when she - the Church of ScientologY that the December NYC-Sam Dolgoff speaks on wealth Ave., SundaY, speaks. And she is bathed in perspiration by the end WOMAN Agency once wired a I ive PussY cat call "spanish Anarchism Before and THE JEW¡SH 12,11am. For information, of the evening' for sound in a bizarre attemPt to After Franco, " at.Freespace Al- Edited by Elizabeth Koltun (617) 266-6710. This òhow is not about nostalgia. What a relief it is use the pet for eavesdroPPing ternate U, 339 Lafayette St., Fri- Schocken Books / New York / 1976 that Linda does not atternpt to become Bessie. purposes. CHICACO The Metro Ch icago day, December 10, 8:15 Pm. For - she singsthesefamous blues songs in her Religion still holds a powerful attraction for many According toMarchetti, the cat chapter of Clergy and LaitY Con- information call (212)228-0322. lnstead, , gospel style. And her under the people. lts rituals and traditions give order to the "was intended to be placed in an cerned will sponsor a "HolidaY own superb band, direction of Howlett plays in its own chaôs of life, its history provides a sense of continuity potential enemY agents Pilgrimage for Peace and J ustice" WHEATON, lL- Human Ri ghts excellent Smith, area where in the face of rapid change, and its reliance on an un- thru downtown on FridaY, Decem- Day showing of the f ilm "Union contemporarY cabaret. mode. might be discussing covert Plots controllable Being rel ieves us of at least p,art of the government. ber 17 starting from St. MarY's Mdd," at the Peace and J ustice against the American , Brenda Dixon-Stowe// isa teacher andactress. awesome burden of free will. ltwill be a long time be- said that Church,23 EastVan Buren St.,6 Center, 107 West lndiana, Friday, However, Marchetti Wendv Schwartz is on the staf t of the Council on fore religion ceases to be a prime motivating force in problems to crop uP when pm. For in.formation, call (312) December 10, B pm. For informa- began Econoimic Priorities' society. the wired cat developed hunger 922-8234. tion, cal I (312) 682-3844. Dec.9, 1976 WIN 19 18WlN Dec.9, 1976 it's particularlynice to J ewish tradition determined for them.'"J ewish For many_reasons the religions past of this orinciple. Therefore, . of the are no lsrael. While awoman in the armed forces makes the ;;;á'óã;;;ìäná vvtu Leifer's account of the birth rite women are roughly twic,e as likely to be diagnosed as longer s.atisfactory- Some pelople have b'egun new existenceof the military no/more just, it is at least "'wechoseto depressed as non-J ewish women," said sociologist ones, while others gone tñ;;h"läf"ithe¡róaughterAriel. have simply back to old superf icial evidence of equal treatment of the se""r. dollars (the numerical value Pauline Bart in "Portnoy's Mother's Complaint." bodies of teachings àå"Liã" t"t òf and revised them to better f it and the drafting of women is but one example oi iÀã' H;b¡"w lettérs"ight"ãn of the word hai, life, is Depression in middle-aged women, Bart asserts, "is today's demands. The Woman cover's ways in ;iih" Jewish one which the young state recognized the in Ariel's name to three Jewish and three linked to actual or impending loss of a signif icant such revisionist effort. The essays ãiJf i.*l . in it describe a emancipation of womeñf rom the oñset. Anoìher organizations which are engaged ih Arab- role. "'J ewish women are taught to be super- variety of ways conf licting-that American example is -some mater.nity and childcare benef its, which lã*¡rtt""i-lãwít¡t cooperãtion and'ant'iwar activity such as mili- mothers -overinvolved with their children and hus- and lsraeli J ewish women have reinterpreted were quite the Old revolutionary in concept when f irst intro- and Vietnam reconstruction bands., their own potentials unfulfilled-so they are Testament to íiry.ornt"ling -values raise women to equal status lvith men. duced.there . especially vulnerable during the menopause years !nthepastiewyears, ho*eu"r t *àãtt¡t* and ñope to convey to her. . . We followed according to Carol children A Hassida was a volunteer at an organization t worked N. Clapsaddle,s essay, the ad- the traditional text and format of the ceremony; when their nests are emptying, their aren't -- vancement of women the extent to which for. She wore asheitl tocover her {horn head and a haseroded in the militarf , in the changing, adopting, adding so as to crea!.ewhat we living up to their expectations, and cities, and on the is questionable. The dark dress to conceal much of her body. She was 25, kibbutzim. Women.are seen as *"oirlO b'e a ritual thai took our tradition for- theytll be needed in the future childrearers first hopeã looked 40,.and had had four children in as many years. and more frequentlv. next as secre- ward, unabusèd but invigorated." women interviewed in mental hospitals by Bart taries qf She was a I so co I I e g e - ed u to ranking militaryofficials and ê¡v¡lian demonstrate the darkest side J ewish tradition and cated a n d a com m i ttu¿', a¿ ¡ - Carol Christ actually attacks J udaism in her executives. Wh i le patriarchy. These ewish cal. "ldated Christianswhen Iwas ateenager,,, ihe adherence to traditional rel igious "Women's Liberation and the Liberationbf God." the evilness of religious J principles may account for as they believed right and told me, "but I knew t could never marry a man who some lackof equalit!_ More than any other author in The Jepish mothers lived theii lives notably severe limits on Orthodox Wo-llt, for their devoutness with their sanity' didn't share my most deeply held convictions. CoulA *oren'-Wéstern she expresses her feelings about being in the Biblical þaid' influence is^mostly to blame. does nothing but you be serious about a non-pacif ist? " lsraeli women, ac- underclass. "To pretend indifference tq the God of lf a revisionist view of J udaism cording to Clapsaddle, want pampering Western- freê women f rom the stif ling limitations that destroy' My the tradition when angeränd bitterness are one's true . co-worker felt blessed because J udaism and style, and an increasing interest heãÉts, then it is worth all the - in beauty and kitchen is to deaden a part of oneself . This ntay be too our minds and break our her husbandrwere so threatened bvher potential queen feelings contests is a sad commentary on a young and priceforwomen to pay." Christ,sees her rela- tortuous theological research, analysis, and debate (sexual) power, they felt it necessary to pievent her revolutionary nation. high a as a personal one, in which ritual that goes into it. trom participating in most religious rituals, and see tioishíp with Cod My grand.father died leaving no male relative to say takes a'subordinate place to dialogue and mutual I feel a need, every once in awhile, towear my Star of that she remained as unattractive as.possible. Kaddish for him. Though neither retigious nor strengthening. "At dawn women may heara still, David earrings. They remi'nd meof apartof -my. The lure for women of traditional J udaism remains femínis,t, my mother aid grandmothãr decided to say saying, 'ln Cod is a heritage t'v{ignored for too lang. With my broken a mystery to me. I can only liken it to the need of a smallvoice speaking tothem the daily mourning prayer themselves-rather than' too, has suffêred and ritle pln and abutton that says "The Future ls least-favored child to return home again and again in womân like yourself; she, hire,a,man to do it, as was convention-because they the long years of pátriarchal Fem'ale," the earrings are an adornmèntthat ref lects hope of seeing a sign that the tide ha"s turneà ãñã ' ceased to existthrough ,lne couldn't believe that their prayers wouldn,t be aò- the sister earth she my essence. will become the favorite. While it is possible to history.'With that silter Cod, and cepted. perhapsmake a new The ewish Woman is a challengeto us all: do we interpret some Biblical passages to assign equalíty to once represented, women will f lncreasingly feminist J ewish women are amending her and the earth as have the courage to look back on our heritage, no the sexes (just as some modern theologiãns haue done . - cou"rtant' promising to liberate the Halakhah to equalize and legitimize their role in matter what ¡t m ight be and no matter how far re- to justify sanction of they I iberate themselves. " homosexuality), tie pervading religious ritual . Some women have gone to great some women who have not moved f rom it we feel, and extract those elements themes almost totally undermine womenis worth a"s ihut" are unfortunateiy lengths to f ind references in the OldÏestament to f rom which we can draw strength and hope? anything but a wife and mother. The most blatant found the will to be angry about either their place in validate these changes, and their contributions to adherence to Schwartz example of thís is the Orthodox practice of ostracizing J udaism or their place in society which -WendY t .,i¡ The Jewish Woman are certainly the most creative. menstruating women for the duration of their oeriod- They can also be inspirational towomen who have felt plus one week. Leviticus quite explicitly asseris tha't excluded f rom J udaism because of either their lbs-' we are unclean-at that time, while other sections of the bianism or their rejection of a monogamous relation- Bible are just as adamant in their proclamations An that sh ip. What the writers of the Old Teitament real ly impurity is a major sin. How is it possible to love meant in the passages now used to validate gay love Art Exhibit oneself when avoided by others fifty percent of the and the position time? of a single woman as corporate presi- dent is.still open to question. lt's evident'to any bib- to Benefit the Some women cling to Orthodoxy nevertheless, pre- lical scholar, however, that the scales'are tippéd ¡n Ag\ pared s to alter minor aspects of it tó accomodate mild favor of patriarchy, and indications to the contrary are feminism, but still staunch in their RESISTERS support of most of mere lapses, not evidence of ambivalence. Surely WAR the H al akhah {the body of J ewi sh law).',, Fem i n i sm, theologians will be haggling over women,s imagés in for all its worth in upgrading the statu-s of J ewish LEAGUE the Bible for many years to come. /ffi women, does not bode well in its entirety for ewish J Another group of J ewish women some men N surviüal. Some of its -and A WRL Benef it directions may be *rong-or are making no attempt to either curb their féminism - even destructive-when judged fróm a Rugs by Susanna Cuyler Jewiõh or crpate a revis ion i st view of the Bible. They are perspective, said Blu by Cerlindem DeneckeOdate " Creenberg in one of the es- simply rewriting the rules to give women equal status Pottery says. A similar position was put by Karen DiGia forth in another,, and an equal part in rituals. 't . . . apatriarchal reli- Weaving essay: "Since society now by Tipi Halsey allows forthe election of gion which creates and preserves such feminist tradi- Carl Andre Donald Judd Batiks radically different roles, it becomes increasingly SolLeWitt Knitting by Didne King ' vital tio¡s [the tales in Exodus] contains resources for over- Larry Bell fon creative religious minds by David McReYnolds to offer meaningfúl coming. patriarchy," said-Phyllis Trible in her essay John Chamberlain David Rabinowitch Candles expositions of why this preferred role [wife/mother] on Biblical stories, Walter De Maria Fred Sandback Leather by Barbara Shaum ought to be chosen over all other availäble options . . . Dan Flavin Richard Serra _ The most moving essays in The Jewish Woman are women will have to be plus Afrikan convinced- not comóelled-to those which offer alternative rituals. No matter how iewelry submit to its logic." Rabbi December 4-20,1976 American antiques Saul Berman,s cbrirments sophisticated and atheistic we may have Ueco.ä, tf,e and ref lect the most Tuesday through Saturd ay 12 - 6 pm conservative views expressed in knowledge that thç primary rites of our native reÍigion The Woman, Jewish although CreãñUã.ã and several are denied to women is a source of continuing pain to Decemberl0,11,12th other women are also quick to sacrif ice sexual Heiner Friedrich, lnc. 11AMto6PM those of us who have roots in J udaism. Fromlìrth, a equality for religious purity. l4l Wooster St., 345 Lafayette Street womanchild is worth less than a male-monetarily as W[qt is particularly discouraging about the NewYork, NewYork 10012 near Bleeker . sacri- well as spiritually-and the difference in the sex- ,212-473-8072 tice of teminism for udaism is J the dialectic at work in determined rituals following birth is a''prime examplq Dec. 9, 1976 WIN 2-l l 20WlN Dec.9, 1976 l

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PUBLICNOT¡CE this advertisement. Midwest lnst¡tute, 120ó N 6th Anyone around West Los Angeles interesteal in C.R. st., 43201. for radical disarmament call 399-0029. Faculty pos¡t¡on âvailable-Asst. Prof. in LIVìNGALTERNATIVES PEOPLES Environ- mental Communications, School of Natural Re- sources, U. of Mich. Teàch undergrád. and grad. CL'I. I am seeking to or establish an action pac¡fist io¡n courses; maintãin Envir. Comm, program; Previous 'commune. Love love and nature. LÕcat¡on? S,J. professional exper¡ence req. V¡ta, publications l¡st, Belling,1908 Welhouse, Kaukauna, Wl 54130. BULLEÏN transcr¡pt$ and three letters of recommendation to: The nation's oldest lechnrcal Prof . WilliamB. Stapp, U of Mich, Sch. of Nat. Res., PUBLICATIONS '2p06 " Know llow" rnagazrne Dana Bldg., Ann Arbor, Ml48'109, before Jan. 10. on clecerltraltle(l Èpucnt¡oN roR pEAcE AND DTsARMAMENT is EÞARÞ erìergV the theme of the W¡nter 1976 issue of the Journal ' EMPLOYMENTWANTED t)roduction. of World Education. To obtain a copy writeto "W,', Journalof World Education,.3 Harbor Hill Drive, EMPLOYMENI OPPORTUNIIIES Looking foremployment in Huntington, NY 11243. ' carpentry/cabinet making. Limited experience with hand/power tools. Fellowshipof Reconciliation in Oregon seeking staff C.ontact: Daniel Cummins, PRODUCTS 29 Apolló St., Brooklyn, person to be stat¡oned in Portland. Need religióus NY 1 1222. pacif¡st wi¡ling to ma¡ntain an office, organizè B_UMPERSI ICkERS: Same day customprinting I groups, travel, help with newsletters, promotion, EXPERIENCED RURAL ORGAÑIZER. CROUP $3/pr; 501 each additional. "Mån, His Rights &" publicity and workãt subsistence salary plus ex- WORKER, seeks employment in southern NH, Nothing More. Woman, Her Righis and Nãthine penses. For f urther information : Dan Stutesman contact: Donald deCraf fenried,.Box 2054, RFD Less" sticker 501, others (free list). Kate Donneìly, (FOR), 2, 1838 SW J efferson, Portlpnd, OR 97201 . Dover, NH 03820 I edlurcs ()n prdclr . 27 bx 1W, Newvernon, N ! 07 97 6. c¿l en{tr(ry ¡Jr ()je( t5, DOCTOR WANIED for fourvearold rural detdrlecl f)l¿ns, ill- NONCOMPETTTTVE GAMES for ci,¡ld."n community health center emphasizing patient edu- t() rrrì.ltt on s()rlrc.es adults. Plai together not against each other."nd Free cat¡on, prevention, {'qutflilrertt dv¿¡l alternative medicine, birth nruc lì catalog: Fam¡ly Pastimes, RR 4, Perth, ¡t)rlrty, and Ontario, group. Collectively run by staff. Area offeis warm tìì () t{l Canada K7H 3C6. -fhe tires, maple syrup, large youth culture, Contact .- and Collective, Creen Mountain Heahh Center,36 High I ence. Willing to relocatewithin the US Holiday greeting cardsand note paper- These Street, Brattleboro, Vermont 05301. or Canada. Start: 'Will workfor subsistence beautiful and colorful cards convêvìhetrue soirir of and,/or room and board. Contact: Bla¡ne Metcalf the holiday season, thatof peace pi.oceeds , ¡nbrüt fld b¡d( ¡rllt and hope. Seeking social change workers (poverty, peace, 'l830West Bayshore#194, PaloAlto, C494303. to benef it the American Friends Serv¡ce Committæ. teminism, etc.) to live,/work in Maine. Room & board ¡fr .Y.¡l¡b!. to compLb your Send for free brochure: AFSC, 2 Stimson Avenue. provided. Write: L. Dànsinger, RFD 1, Newpo/í, ¡ {r4tsc. rrbü.ttj_cryV.. 3ril floor, Providence, Rhode ísland 02906. .Me. O1953. l¡b.ry ol t.chi,-, "ky-Iy'. Philadelphia Movement for a New Society (MNS) is Ï-SHIRTS AND TOTE.BAGS CUSTOM.PRINTED WRL seeks Américanactivist as intern with WRl, ,conducting a series of Orientat¡on Weekends atthe Your publication soun& liks what I by movement-oriented silkscreen printer. Cãtvour April 1977to CALL US: Jù|y197ó in Brussels, Belgium. Speãk Life Center for people: who are seeking a way of message across in a unique nesd ¡n ordor to roally do the tæk ahead, way. Reasonable rates. French or Cerman. Experience organ izing con: mmbining pol¡tical personal growth; Kip Shaw, Meredith, struggle wiIh New York 13405. terences. Routine office work, publication wo¡k, re- who putting are interested in MNS approaches to plsæ6 sond (212) search and dounseling. Salary $200/month. Trans- work back home. The Program includes: Non- 1yr./5.00 ¡ampte 624-8337 CREATRIX presents a Catalog bf Woman-Rooted port_at¡on l-l ! paid. Resumes to: WRL, 339 Lafayétte, violence Training, Macroanalysis Workshops, Ses- subscr¡p- coPY moro ¡nfo Crafts. . .,{rts. . .Music. Sendtwostamps: NYC 1001:, by W J an.'t, 1977. sions on MNS and Life Center, - 1.75 CREATRIX Catalog, the Films and Dis- t¡on 910 Clarendon, Duiham, NC cussions Direct 27705. on Action Campaigns, Vision-Shar- New Midl¡est research inst¡tute seeks unselfish, ing, Croup Process Skills, ánd a Párty. Name . , socially-conscious, non-careerist, MA-PhD lmpact Tape Upcoming dates: J an.7 -9,Feb.4 -6, Mar. 4 - O. Services offers a series of public affairs MOVEMENT f Addra¡c úndiraiiers. Prefer economists, Frlday Supper to Sunday Lunch. Cost: $15, sliding audio tapes for use ¡n the classroom, li6ra¡ies, and pol¡tical-sc¡entists, etc. Semi-scholarly studies on scale to $7 for low income people. Limited community centers. Selection includes interviews war-peace space Slats-Ziq reconversion, etc. Appiicants must available: Confirm your space betore plannlng to City with Ralph Nader, James Meredith, andVictor : READ Cross and Osterman "The New Piofes- ': come. CONTACT: OWCC, MNS,4T2zBaltimore Sources of Energy Magazino Marchetti. Features on issues from busin g to police pp Altornativo lionalsl' 33-77, Studs Terkel "Working" pp 'r' Ave., Phila., PA 19143, or call (215)5 A4-14æ. informers. For a f ree broch tÞpt. A, Rt. 2, Box 9OA, Mllaca, MN õ635i¡ ure write to: lmloait Taoe 525-527, 537 -54O, Claudia Dreifus "Radical Life- I a Services, PO l3n.x 2278, lnelewood, Calif . 90305. style3," and address themselves to the contents of I¡tcrndlond Dlrcctory of Llrdc EQUCATION ORA Megednce ¡¡d Sndl Prcr¡c¡ SMALL PLAN nrù¡fu¡¡lEdltln-lnó.n ttm voun 0.r. llcGarr '' Fo¡ ¡ doæa tetrs now this Dlrcctoty h¡¡ bcen il I C(¡tttrt 0f t¡sed the world ovet by poctr" vrltcrs, ltbrr¡ir¡¡, s0crrl' corct¡r tto . studcnts, of cqntemporery titcrrtutc, crcrtlvg s[0Br[ ?tnsPrcltuE. writing:ct¡s¡cs ¡¡d otheÉ ß.¡.3uidc to thc .everl4crcasing A Four'Year'Prooram ¿ommunity of rmrll rad iadcpcnd- niigazines ¡nd.prcsscs. of Acaclemic anil cnt tt con¡i¡¡-such importent dsta Experienlral Learning &¡ n¡mc, ¡dd¡pss, editot(r), pricc, circulation, frcqucncy, type of mrtorid uscd, with Centers in: :a'' I f,, ^ NORTH.AMERICA . to {l Pryment retcs, tight¡ putchescd, di¡cou¡t ¡ched. u!es, pcrsond LATIN AMERICA . 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22WlN Dec.9, 1976 Dec.9, 1976 WIN 23 a Th is year share Wl N with your f riends and loved ones ! What could be a better gift for the holiday season than a whole year of news about the people and events that spearhead the movement for social change. WIN is wrapping up its'lOth anniversaryyear, get- 'tingre-establishedinNewyõrkandlookingforwardtoourllthyearof ser,ving the peace and freedorn mov;ement. We want to offer you a special chance to join us in commemoratingthis milebtoneforWlN andcontributetoWlN'sfinancial health at the sametime Peg Averill, well known movement artist and WIN staff person has created this limited edition print in- spired bythe Bernice Reagon song "There's A New World Coming." (Bernice Reagon is a singer and song- writer who was'a memberof SNCC's Freedom Singers.) You can receive a signed and n umbered 9 x 1'1 print if you givethreeor more gift subscriptions ($11 each) to WIN th is year. And if you renewyourown subscription atthe same time, you will receive a free six month subscription to The Elements, a monthly magazine that reports on how 'natural resources shapethe economic, foreign and domestic policie,s of the United States and other coun- tries, This interesting and informative journal is pub- I ¡ shed by the I n stitute for Pol icy Stud ies/Tran snational lnstitute and edited by J ames Ridgeway. So, for just three gift subscriptionsto WlN, you can getthis uni que print. And for extending your own subscription for another year now (instead of waiting for your renewal) yo u'll receive The Elements for six free months. lt makes a double bonus way to help us start WIN's second decade. J ust f ill in the form and send it to us with your check. Your print will be in the mail shortly and WIN will be on the way to your f riends I HaVe ô 9ocd lear

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