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Franz Ignaz Cassian Hallaschka and His Book" Elementa Eclipsium"
Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Mathematica et Physica Martin Šolc Franz Ignaz Cassian Hallaschka and his book "Elementa Eclipsium" Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Mathematica et Physica, Vol. 40 (1999), No. 1, 51--78 Persistent URL: http://dml.cz/dmlcz/142697 Terms of use: © Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 1999 Institute of Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic provides access to digitized documents strictly for personal use. Each copy of any part of this document must contain these Terms of use. This paper has been digitized, optimized for electronic delivery and stamped with digital signature within the project DML-CZ: The Czech Digital Mathematics Library http://project.dml.cz 1999 ACTA UNTVERSITATIS CAROLINAE, MATHEMATICA ET PHYSICA VOL. 40, NO. Franz Ignaz Cassian Hallaschka anđ his book "Elementa Eclipsium" MARTIN ŠOLC Praha*) Received 11. December 1998 On August 11, 1999, the Moon's shadow will traverse the Northern Hemisphere. A total eclipse of the Sun will be visible from within a narrow strip (ca 110 km wide) that begins in the Adantic Ocean at sunrise, crosses southern England, France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Turkey, Middle East, India and ends in the Bengal Bay at sunset. A partial eclipse will be visible from a much larger area, reaching several thousand kilometers to both sides of the umbral path. Detailed maps of the umbral and penumbral tracks with time marks, duration of the eclipse and some other characteristics were computed long before the eclipse day, e.g. by F. Espenak and J. Anderson [1] (March 1997). The computations were carried out on the basis of the contemporary theories of the motion of Earth and Moon, including all known effects influencing it: planetary perturbations, precession according to the theory accepted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976, nutation theory IAU 1980, polar motion, irregularities in the rotation of the Earth, the shape of the Earth etc. -
Proofs of the Prophets the Case for Bahá'u'lláh
PROOFS OF THE PROPHETS * THE CASE FOR BAHÁ'U'LLÁH Peter Terry Compiler and Commentator Volume XVII, Bahá’í Studies Series Original compilation of texts related to Bahá’u’lláh Forty Proofs of Prophethood set forth in the writings of Bahá’u’lláh, the Báb, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Shoghi Effendi, and other authors, in English translations. Passages from the Writings of the Báb are in some cases presented in the compiler’s rendering of their French translation by A.L.M. Nicolas, originally published circa 1900-1911. Published by Lulu Publications 2008 Copyright © 2008 by Peter TerryAll rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. ISBN: 978-0-557-06720-6 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD…5 TWENTIETH PROOF…229 OUTLINE…7 TWENTY-FIRST PROOF…233 PREFACE…13 TWENTY-SECOND PROOF…241 INTRODUCTION…19 TWENTY-THIRD PROOF…247 FIRST PROOF…27 TWENTY-FOURTH PROOF…259 SECOND PROOF…69 TWENTY-FIFTH PROOF…265 THIRD PROOF…77 TWENTY-SIXTH PROOF…269 FOURTH PROOF…83 TWENTY-SEVENTH PROOF…275 FIFTH PROOF…93 TWENTY-EIGHTH PROOF…283 SIXTH PROOF…103 TWENTY-NINTH PROOF…297 SEVENTH PROOF…111 THIRTIETH PROOF…301 EIGHTH PROOF…115 THIRTY-FIRST PROOF…305 NINTH PROOF…125 THIRTY-SECOND PROOF…313 TENTH PROOF…133 THIRTY-THIRD PROOF…321 ELEVENTH PROOF…143 THIRTY-FOURTH PROOF…329 TWELFTH PROOF…149 THIRTY-FIFTH PROOF…337 THIRTEENTH PROOF…161 THIRTY-SIXTH PROOF…343 FOURTEENTH PROOF…167 THIRTY-SEVENTH PROOF…349 FIFTEENTH PROOF…189 THIRTY-EIGHTH PROOF…355 SIXTEENTH PROOF…201 THIRTY-NINTH PROOF…359 SEVENTEENTH PROOF…211 FORTIETH PROOF…365 EIGHTEENTH PROOF…219 REFLECTIONS…371 NINETEENTH PROOF…223 ENDNOTES…375 Verily I say! No one hath apprehended the root of this Cause. -
METEOR PHENOMENA and BODIES 1. Introduction Solid Particles of The
METEOR PHENOMENA AND BODIES ZDENEKˇ CEPLECHA and JIR͡ BOROVICKAˇ Ondˇrejov Observatory, Astronomical Insitute, Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic W. GRAHAM ELFORD Department of Physics and Mathematical Physics, University of Adelaide, Australia DOUGLAS O. REVELLE Los Alamos National Laboratories, U.S.A. ROBERT L. HAWKES Department of Physics, Engineering, and Geology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada VLADIMÍR PORUBCANˇ Astronomical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia MILOŠ ŠIMEK Ondˇrejov Observatory, Astronomical Insitute, Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic (Received 31 January, 1998) Abstract. Meteoroids can be observed at collision with the Earth’s atmosphere as meteors. Different methods of observing meteors are presented: besides the traditional counts of individual events, exact methods yield also data on the geometry of the atmospheric trajectory; on the dynamics and ablation of the body in the atmosphere; on radiation; on the spectral distribution of radiation; on ionization; on accompanying sounds; and also data on orbits. Theoretical models of meteoroid interaction with the atmosphere are given and applied to observational data. Attention is paid to radar observations; to spectroscopic observations; to experiments with artificial meteors and to different types of meteor sounds. The proposed composition and structure of meteoroids as well as their orbits link them to meteorites, asteroids and comets. Meteor streams can be observed as meteor showers and storms. The rate of influx of meteoroids of different sizes onto Earth is presented and potential hazards discussed. 1. Introduction Solid particles of the solar system that are large enough produce light during their collisions with the Earth’s atmosphere. The phenomenon is traditionally termed a meteor. This word is also sometimes used for the particle. -
Asteroids a Selection of Articles from Wikipedia
Asteroids A selection of articles from Wikipedia PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sun, 16 Jun 2013 00:34:45 UTC Contents Articles Asteroids overview 1 Asteroid 1 Spectral Types 16 Asteroid spectral types 16 Asteroids in Fiction 19 Asteroids in fiction 19 Ceres in fiction 32 Lists 35 List of minor planets named after people 35 List of minor planets named after rivers 64 List of minor planets named after places 65 References Article Sources and Contributors 79 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 81 Article Licenses License 83 1 Asteroids overview Asteroid Asteroids are minor planets (small Solar System bodies and dwarf planets) that are not comets, especially those of the inner Solar System. They have also been called planetoids, especially the larger ones. These terms have historically been applied to any astronomical object orbiting the Sun that did not show the disk of a planet and was not observed to have the characteristics of an active comet, but as small objects in the outer Solar System were discovered, their volatile-based surfaces were found to more closely resemble comets, and so were often distinguished from traditional asteroids.[1] Thus the term asteroid has come increasingly to refer Animation of asteroid 433 Eros in rotation. specifically to the small bodies of the inner Solar System out to the orbit of Jupiter. They are grouped with the outer bodies—centaurs, Neptune trojans, and trans-Neptunian objects—as minor planets, which is the term preferred in astronomical circles.[2] In this article the term "asteroid" refers to the minor planets of the inner Solar System. -
Meteor Phenomena and Bodies
METEOR PHENOMENA AND BODIES ZDENEKˇ CEPLECHA and JIR͡ BOROVICKAˇ Ondˇrejov Observatory, Astronomical Insitute, Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic W. GRAHAM ELFORD Department of Physics and Mathematical Physics, University of Adelaide, Australia DOUGLAS O. REVELLE Los Alamos National Laboratories, U.S.A. ROBERT L. HAWKES Department of Physics, Engineering, and Geology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada VLADIMÍR PORUBCANˇ Astronomical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia MILOŠ ŠIMEK Ondˇrejov Observatory, Astronomical Insitute, Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic (Received 31 January, 1998) Abstract. Meteoroids can be observed at collision with the Earth’s atmosphere as meteors. Different methods of observing meteors are presented: besides the traditional counts of individual events, exact methods yield also data on the geometry of the atmospheric trajectory; on the dynamics and ablation of the body in the atmosphere; on radiation; on the spectral distribution of radiation; on ionization; on accompanying sounds; and also data on orbits. Theoretical models of meteoroid interaction with the atmosphere are given and applied to observational data. Attention is paid to radar observations; to spectroscopic observations; to experiments with artificial meteors and to different types of meteor sounds. The proposed composition and structure of meteoroids as well as their orbits link them to meteorites, asteroids and comets. Meteor streams can be observed as meteor showers and storms. The rate of influx of meteoroids of different sizes onto Earth is presented and potential hazards discussed. 1. Introduction Solid particles of the solar system that are large enough produce light during their collisions with the Earth’s atmosphere. The phenomenon is traditionally termed a meteor. This word is also sometimes used for the particle. -
The Project Gutenberg Ebook of Astronomy of To-Day, by Cecil G
ASTRONOMY OF TO-DAY THE TOTAL ECLIPSE OF THE SUN OF AUGUST 30TH, 1905. The Corona; from a water-colour sketch, made at Burgos, in Spain, during the total phase, by the French Artist, Mdlle. ANDRÉE MOCH. ASTRONOMY OF TO-DAY A POPULAR INTRODUCTION IN NON-TECHNICAL LANGUAGE By CECIL G. DOLMAGE, M.A., LL.D., D.C.L. Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society; Member of the British Astronomical Association; Member of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific; Membre de la Société Astronomique de France; Membre de la Société Belge d'Astronomie With a Frontispiece in Colour and 45 Illustrations & Diagrams THIRD EDITION LONDON SEELEY AND CO. LIMITED 38 GREAT RUSSELL STREET 1910 PREFACE THE object of this book is to give an account of the science of Astronomy, as it is known at the present day, in a manner acceptable to the general reader. It is too often supposed that it is impossible to acquire any useful knowledge of Astronomy without much laborious study, and without adventuring into quite a new world of thought. The reasoning applied to the study of the celestial orbs is, however, of no different order from that which is employed in the affairs of everyday life. The science of mathematics is perhaps responsible for the idea that some kind of difference does exist; but mathematical processes are, in effect, no more than ordinary logic in concentrated form, the shorthand of reasoning, so to speak. I have attempted in the following pages to take the main facts and theories of Astronomy out of those mathematical forms which repel the general reader, and to present them in the ordinary language of our workaday world.