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The 'Crisis of Noosphere'
The ‘crisis of noosphere’ as a limiting factor to achieve the point of technological singularity Rafael Lahoz-Beltra Department of Applied Mathematics (Biomathematics). Faculty of Biological Sciences. Complutense University of Madrid. 28040 Madrid, Spain. [email protected] 1. Introduction One of the most significant developments in the history of human being is the invention of a way of keeping records of human knowledge, thoughts and ideas. The storage of knowledge is a sign of civilization, which has its origins in ancient visual languages e.g. in the cuneiform scripts and hieroglyphs until the achievement of phonetic languages with the invention of Gutenberg press. In 1926, the work of several thinkers such as Edouard Le Roy, Vladimir Ver- nadsky and Teilhard de Chardin led to the concept of noosphere, thus the idea that human cognition and knowledge transforms the biosphere coming to be something like the planet’s thinking layer. At present, is commonly accepted by some thinkers that the Internet is the medium that brings life to noosphere. Hereinafter, this essay will assume that the words Internet and noosphere refer to the same concept, analogy which will be justified later. 2 In 2005 Ray Kurzweil published the book The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology predicting an exponential increase of computers and also an exponential progress in different disciplines such as genetics, nanotechnology, robotics and artificial intelligence. The exponential evolution of these technologies is what is called Kurzweil’s “Law of Accelerating Returns”. The result of this rapid progress will lead to human beings what is known as tech- nological singularity. -
GNU/Linux AI & Alife HOWTO
GNU/Linux AI & Alife HOWTO GNU/Linux AI & Alife HOWTO Table of Contents GNU/Linux AI & Alife HOWTO......................................................................................................................1 by John Eikenberry..................................................................................................................................1 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 2. Symbolic Systems (GOFAI)................................................................................................................1 3. Connectionism.....................................................................................................................................1 4. Evolutionary Computing......................................................................................................................1 5. Alife & Complex Systems...................................................................................................................1 6. Agents & Robotics...............................................................................................................................1 7. Statistical & Machine Learning...........................................................................................................2 8. Missing & Dead...................................................................................................................................2 1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................................2 -
50 Examples Documentation Release 1.0
50 Examples Documentation Release 1.0 A.M. Kuchling Apr 13, 2017 Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius5 3 Background: Algorithms 9 4 Background: Measuring Complexity 13 5 Simulating The Monty Hall Problem 17 6 Background: Drawing Graphics 23 7 Simulating Planetary Orbits 29 8 Problem: Simulating the Game of Life 35 9 Reference Card: Turtle Graphics 43 10 Indices and tables 45 i ii 50 Examples Documentation, Release 1.0 Release 1.0 Date Apr 13, 2017 Contents: Contents 1 50 Examples Documentation, Release 1.0 2 Contents CHAPTER 1 Introduction Welcome to “50 Examples for Teaching Python”. My goal was to collect interesting short examples of Python programs, examples that tackle a real-world problem and exercise various features of the Python language. I envision this collection as being useful to teachers of Python who want novel examples that will interest their students, and possibly to teachers of mathematics or science who want to apply Python programming to make their subject more concrete and interactive. Readers may also enjoy dipping into the book to learn about a particular algorithm or technique, and can use the references to pursue further reading on topics that especially interest them. Python version All of the examples in the book were written using Python 3, and tested using Python 3.2.1. You can download a copy of Python 3 from <http://www.python.org/download/>; use the latest version available. This book is not a Python tutorial and doesn’t try to introduce features of the language, so readers should either be familiar with Python or have a tutorial available. -
Elementary Functions: Towards Automatically Generated, Efficient
Elementary functions : towards automatically generated, efficient, and vectorizable implementations Hugues De Lassus Saint-Genies To cite this version: Hugues De Lassus Saint-Genies. Elementary functions : towards automatically generated, efficient, and vectorizable implementations. Other [cs.OH]. Université de Perpignan, 2018. English. NNT : 2018PERP0010. tel-01841424 HAL Id: tel-01841424 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01841424 Submitted on 17 Jul 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Délivré par l’Université de Perpignan Via Domitia Préparée au sein de l’école doctorale 305 – Énergie et Environnement Et de l’unité de recherche DALI – LIRMM – CNRS UMR 5506 Spécialité: Informatique Présentée par Hugues de Lassus Saint-Geniès [email protected] Elementary functions: towards automatically generated, efficient, and vectorizable implementations Version soumise aux rapporteurs. Jury composé de : M. Florent de Dinechin Pr. INSA Lyon Rapporteur Mme Fabienne Jézéquel MC, HDR UParis 2 Rapporteur M. Marc Daumas Pr. UPVD Examinateur M. Lionel Lacassagne Pr. UParis 6 Examinateur M. Daniel Menard Pr. INSA Rennes Examinateur M. Éric Petit Ph.D. Intel Examinateur M. David Defour MC, HDR UPVD Directeur M. Guillaume Revy MC UPVD Codirecteur À la mémoire de ma grand-mère Françoise Lapergue et de Jos Perrot, marin-pêcheur bigouden. -
~Umbers the BOO K O F Umbers
TH E BOOK OF ~umbers THE BOO K o F umbers John H. Conway • Richard K. Guy c COPERNICUS AN IMPRINT OF SPRINGER-VERLAG © 1996 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a re trieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published in the United States by Copernicus, an imprint of Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. Copernicus Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. 175 Fifth Avenue New York, NY lOOlO Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Conway, John Horton. The book of numbers / John Horton Conway, Richard K. Guy. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-8488-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-4072-3 DOl: 10.l007/978-1-4612-4072-3 1. Number theory-Popular works. I. Guy, Richard K. II. Title. QA241.C6897 1995 512'.7-dc20 95-32588 Manufactured in the United States of America. Printed on acid-free paper. 9 8 765 4 Preface he Book ofNumbers seems an obvious choice for our title, since T its undoubted success can be followed by Deuteronomy,Joshua, and so on; indeed the only risk is that there may be a demand for the earlier books in the series. More seriously, our aim is to bring to the inquisitive reader without particular mathematical background an ex planation of the multitudinous ways in which the word "number" is used. -
Mitigating Javascript's Overhead with Webassembly
Samuli Ylenius Mitigating JavaScript’s overhead with WebAssembly Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences M. Sc. thesis March 2020 ABSTRACT Samuli Ylenius: Mitigating JavaScript’s overhead with WebAssembly M. Sc. thesis Tampere University Master’s Degree Programme in Software Development March 2020 The web and web development have evolved considerably during its short history. As a result, complex applications aren’t limited to desktop applications anymore, but many of them have found themselves in the web. While JavaScript can meet the requirements of most web applications, its performance has been deemed to be inconsistent in applications that require top performance. There have been multiple attempts to bring native speed to the web, and the most recent promising one has been the open standard, WebAssembly. In this thesis, the target was to examine WebAssembly, its design, features, background, relationship with JavaScript, and evaluate the current status of Web- Assembly, and its future. Furthermore, to evaluate the overhead differences between JavaScript and WebAssembly, a Game of Life sample application was implemented in three splits, fully in JavaScript, mix of JavaScript and WebAssembly, and fully in WebAssembly. This allowed to not only compare the performance differences between JavaScript and WebAssembly but also evaluate the performance differences between different implementation splits. Based on the results, WebAssembly came ahead of JavaScript especially in terms of pure execution times, although, similar benefits were gained from asm.js, a predecessor to WebAssembly. However, WebAssembly outperformed asm.js in size and load times. In addition, there was minimal additional benefit from doing a WebAssembly-only implementation, as just porting bottleneck functions from JavaScript to WebAssembly had similar performance benefits. -
John Horton Conway
Obituary John Horton Conway (1937–2020) Playful master of games who transformed mathematics. ohn Horton Conway was one of the Monstrous Moonshine conjectures. These, most versatile mathematicians of the for the first time, seriously connected finite past century, who made influential con- symmetry groups to analysis — and thus dis- tributions to group theory, analysis, crete maths to non-discrete maths. Today, topology, number theory, geometry, the Moonshine conjectures play a key part Jalgebra and combinatorial game theory. His in physics — including in the understanding deep yet accessible work, larger-than-life of black holes in string theory — inspiring a personality, quirky sense of humour and wave of further such discoveries connecting ability to talk about mathematics with any and algebra, analysis, physics and beyond. all who would listen made him the centre of Conway’s discovery of a new knot invariant attention and a pop icon everywhere he went, — used to tell different knots apart — called the among mathematicians and amateurs alike. Conway polynomial became an important His lectures about numbers, games, magic, topic of research in topology. In geometry, he knots, rainbows, tilings, free will and more made key discoveries in the study of symme- captured the public’s imagination. tries, sphere packings, lattices, polyhedra and Conway, who died at the age of 82 from tilings, including properties of quasi-periodic complications related to COVID-19, was a tilings as developed by Roger Penrose. lover of games of all kinds. He spent hours In algebra, Conway discovered another in the common rooms of the University of important system of numbers, the icosians, Cambridge, UK, and Princeton University with his long-time collaborator Neil Sloane. -
The Book of Numbers
springer.com Mathematics : Number Theory Conway, John H., Guy, Richard The Book of Numbers Journey through the world of numbers with the foremost authorities and writers in the field. John Horton Conway and Richard K. Guy are two of the most accomplished, creative, and engaging number theorists any mathematically minded reader could hope to encounter. In this book, Conway and Guy lead the reader on an imaginative, often astonishing tour of the landscape of numbers. The Book of Numbers is just that - an engagingly written, heavily illustrated introduction to the fascinating, sometimes surprising properties of numbers and number patterns. The book opens up a world of topics, theories, and applications, exploring intriguing aspects of real numbers, systems, arrays and sequences, and much more. Readers will be able to use figures to figure out figures, rub elbows with famous families of numbers, prove the primacy of primes, fathom the fruitfulness of fractions, imagine imaginary numbers, investigate the infinite and infinitesimal and more. Order online at springer.com/booksellers Copernicus Springer Nature Customer Service Center LLC 1996, IX, 310 p. 233 Spring Street 1st New York, NY 10013 edition USA T: +1-800-SPRINGER NATURE (777-4643) or 212-460-1500 Printed book [email protected] Hardcover Printed book Hardcover ISBN 978-0-387-97993-9 $ 49,99 Available Discount group Trade Books (1) Product category Popular science Other renditions Softcover ISBN 978-1-4612-8488-8 Prices and other details are subject to change without notice. All errors and omissions excepted. Americas: Tax will be added where applicable. Canadian residents please add PST, QST or GST. -
Interview with John Horton Conway
Interview with John Horton Conway Dierk Schleicher his is an edited version of an interview with John Horton Conway conducted in July 2011 at the first International Math- ematical Summer School for Students at Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany, Tand slightly extended afterwards. The interviewer, Dierk Schleicher, professor of mathematics at Jacobs University, served on the organizing com- mittee and the scientific committee for the summer school. The second summer school took place in August 2012 at the École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France, and the next one is planned for July 2013, again at Jacobs University. Further information about the summer school is available at http://www.math.jacobs-university.de/ summerschool. John Horton Conway in August 2012 lecturing John H. Conway is one of the preeminent the- on FRACTRAN at Jacobs University Bremen. orists in the study of finite groups and one of the world’s foremost knot theorists. He has written or co-written more than ten books and more than one- received the Pólya Prize of the London Mathemati- hundred thirty journal articles on a wide variety cal Society and the Frederic Esser Nemmers Prize of mathematical subjects. He has done important in Mathematics of Northwestern University. work in number theory, game theory, coding the- Schleicher: John Conway, welcome to the Interna- ory, tiling, and the creation of new number systems, tional Mathematical Summer School for Students including the “surreal numbers”. He is also widely here at Jacobs University in Bremen. Why did you known as the inventor of the “Game of Life”, a com- accept the invitation to participate? puter simulation of simple cellular “life” governed Conway: I like teaching, and I like talking to young by simple rules that give rise to complex behavior. -
Evolution of Autopoiesis and Multicellularity in the Game of Life
Evolution of Autopoiesis and Peter D. Turney* Ronin Institute Multicellularity in the Game of Life [email protected] Keywords Evolution, autopoiesis, multicellularity, Abstract Recently we introduced a model of symbiosis, Model-S, cellular automata, diversity, symbiosis based on the evolution of seed patterns in Conwayʼs Game of Life. In the model, the fitness of a seed pattern is measured by one-on-one competitions in the Immigration Game, a two-player variation of the Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/artl/article-pdf/27/1/26/1925167/artl_a_00334.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 Game of Life. Our previous article showed that Model-S can serve as a highly abstract, simplified model of biological life: (1) The initial seed pattern is analogous to a genome. (2) The changes as the game runs are analogous to the development of the phenome. (3) Tournament selection in Model-S is analogous to natural selection in biology. (4) The Immigration Game in Model-S is analogous to competition in biology. (5) The first three layers in Model-S are analogous to biological reproduction. (6) The fusion of seed patterns in Model-S is analogous to symbiosis. The current article takes this analogy two steps further: (7) Autopoietic structures in the Game of Life (still lifes, oscillators, and spaceships—collectively known as ashes) are analogous to cells in biology. (8) The seed patterns in the Game of Life give rise to multiple, diverse, cooperating autopoietic structures, analogous to multicellular biological life. We use the apgsearch software (Ash Pattern Generator Search), developed by Adam Goucher for the study of ashes, to analyze autopoiesis and multicellularity in Model-S. -
Cfengine V2 Reference Edition 2.2.10 for Version 2.2.10
cfengine v2 reference Edition 2.2.10 for version 2.2.10 Mark Burgess Faculty of Engineering, Oslo University College, Norway Copyright c 2008 Mark Burgess This manual corresponds to CFENGINE Edition 2.2.10 for version 2.2.10 as last updated 21 January 2009. Chapter 1: Introduction to reference manual 1 1 Introduction to reference manual The purpose of the cfengine reference manual is to collect together and document the raw facts about the different components of cfengine. Once you have become proficient in the use of cfengine, you will no longer have need of the tutorial. The reference manual, on the other hand, changes with each version of cfengine. You will be able to use it online, or in printed form to find out the details you require to implement configurations in practice. 1.1 Installation In order to install cfengine, you should first ensure that the following packages are installed. OpenSSL Open source Secure Sockets Layer for encryption. URL: http://www.openssl.org BerkeleyDB (version 3.2 or later) Light-weight flat-file database system. URL: http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/berkeley-db/index.html The preferred method of installation is then tar zxf cfengine-x.x.x.tar.gz cd cfengine-x.x.x ./configure make make install This results in binaries being installed in `/usr/local/sbin'. Since this is not necessarily a local file system on all hosts, users are encouraged to keep local copies of the binaries on each host, inside the cfengine trusted work directory. 1.2 Work directory In order to achieve the desired simplifications, it was decided to reserve a private work area for the cfengine tool-set. -
From Conway's Soldier to Gosper's Glider Gun in Memory of J. H
From Conway’s soldier to Gosper’s glider gun In memory of J. H. Conway (1937-2020) Zhangchi Chen Université Paris-Sud June 17, 2020 Zhangchi Chen Université Paris-Sud From Conway’s soldier to Gosper’s glider gun In memory of J. H. Conway (1937-2020) Math in games Figure: Conway’s Life Game Figure: Peg Solitaire Zhangchi Chen Université Paris-Sud From Conway’s soldier to Gosper’s glider gun In memory of J. H. Conway (1937-2020) Peg Solitaire: The rule Figure: A valide move Zhangchi Chen Université Paris-Sud From Conway’s soldier to Gosper’s glider gun In memory of J. H. Conway (1937-2020) Peg Solitaire: Conway’s soldier Question How many pegs (soldiers) do you need to reach the height of 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5? Zhangchi Chen Université Paris-Sud From Conway’s soldier to Gosper’s glider gun In memory of J. H. Conway (1937-2020) Peg Solitaire: Conway’s soldier Baby case To reach the height of 1-3, one needs 2,4,8 soldiers Zhangchi Chen Université Paris-Sud From Conway’s soldier to Gosper’s glider gun In memory of J. H. Conway (1937-2020) Peg Solitaire: Conway’s soldier A bit harder case To reach the height of 4, one needs 20 (not 16) soldiers. One solution (not unique). Further? (Conway 1961) It is impossible to reach the height of 5. Zhangchi Chen Université Paris-Sud From Conway’s soldier to Gosper’s glider gun In memory of J. H. Conway (1937-2020) Peg Solitaire: Conway’s soldier 1 ' '2 '4 '3 '4 '6 '5 '4 '5 '6 '10 '9 '8 '7 '6 '5 '6 '7 '8 '9 '10 '11 '10 '9 '8 '7 '6 '7 '8 '9 '10 '11 ..