Asean Matters for America Matters for Asean Fifth Edition

ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA MATTERS FOR ASEAN FIFTH EDITION

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM · BRUNEI · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM

LAOS · BRUNEI · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND ·

BRUNEI · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM · BRUNEI · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM

BRUNEI · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · UNITED STATES · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES ·

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · UNITED STATES · VIETNAM · BRUNEI · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · UNITED STATES · VIETNAM · BRUNEI · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE ·

AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/ASEAN 1 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA Asia Matters Asia Matters

YUSOF ISHAK INSTITUTE ISHAK YUSOF - Isabel Ayala, Natasia Engeline, Kyoko Imai, Angus Lam, Kyoko Engeline, Natasia Isabel Ayala, Alexander C. Feldman Alexander Caitlin Brophy & Michele Helen Reyes Caitlin Brophy Amb. Michael Michalak, Marc Mealy, Elizabeth Dugan, Mealy, Michalak, Marc Michael Amb. Melinda Martinus, Pham Thi Phuong Thao, Farah Nadine Nadine Farah Melinda Martinus, Phuong Thao, Pham Thi Bernard Baskin Bernard Sharon Seah Sharon initiative, this publication, the one-page connections summaries connections the one-page this publication, initiative, Choi Shing Kwok Choi Shing Kwok WEST CENTER IN WASHINGTON IN CENTER WEST - ASEAN BUSINESS COUNCIL BUSINESS ASEAN - for states, and the AsiaMattersforAmerica.org website are resources for resources are website and the AsiaMattersforAmerica.org states, for relationship. and dynamic US-ASEAN the robust understanding AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/ASEAN Team Project EAST in Washington: Center East-West & Director, Center East-West President, Vice Ph.D. Satu Limaye, Coordinators: & Content: Research Valente, Peter Tran, Lam Tokola, Sullivan, Ross Matthew Madaj, Patrick Woock Ryan Kristin Wilson, Wang, Sarah US & CEO: President Hai Pham, Marcella Suwandhi, Dylan Kean, Ryan DelGaudio DelGaudio Ryan Kean, Dylan Suwandhi, Hai Pham, Marcella ISEAS CENTRE, STUDIES ASEAN Director: Coordinator: Contributors: Neo Kevin Seth, Qiu Jiahui, Center © 2021 East-West Copyright security, education, tourism, and people-to-people connections between the between connections people-to-people and tourism, education, security, Asian of the Association of Southeast and the 10 member states States United the of Part local levels. and at the national, state, (ASEAN) Nations America for Coordinator: Contributors: ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA/ FOR MATTERS ASEAN FOR ASEAN MATTERS AMERICA diplomacy, business, employment, investment, maps the trade, project This (ASC) was (ASC) was has been the premier has been the premier ASEAN Studies Centre (formerly Institute of Southeast Asian of Southeast Asian Institute (formerly promotes better relations and understanding among among understanding and relations better promotes US-ASEAN Business Council US-ASEAN East-West Center East-West (ASEAN) as an institution and a process. The ASC is the first Institutional Institutional ASC is the first The (ASEAN) as an institution and a process. honour the to award a prestigious Prize in 2020, of the ASEAN Recipient made who have of individuals or organisations outstanding achievements ASEAN. to meaningful contribution Studies) is an autonomous organization established in 1968. It is a regional established in 1968. It is a regional organization Studies) is an autonomous and economic the study of socio-political, security, to dedicated centre in Southeast Asia and its wider geostrategic and developments trends The environment. and economic research to Ishak Institute established in 2008 under the ISEAS-Yusof of Southeast Asian Nations on issues pertaining the Association to has nine offices around the globe, in Washington, DC; New York, NY; York, New DC; Washington, around the globe, in has nine offices Lumpur, Indonesia; Kuala Jakarta, Hanoi, Vietnam; Thailand; Bangkok, For more Myanmar. and Yangon, Manila, Philippines; Singapore; Malaysia; please visit www.usasean.org. information, Ishak Institute ISEAS-Yusof Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Worldwide, the (ASEAN). Worldwide, Asian Nations Association of Southeast almost generates than 165 companies of more Council's membership 15 million people. Today nearly and employs US$7 trillion in revenue business in conducting US companies include the largest our members that have companies to the region to newcomers from and range ASEAN, Council The than 100 years. more Asia for in Southeast been working in 1960, the Center serves as a resource for information and analysis on analysis and information for serves as a resource the Center in 1960, exchange to people together bringing concern, of common critical issues policy options. and develop build expertise, views, the 1984, Since within the dynamic operating US corporations for organization advocacy The The through and the Pacific Asia, States, of the United nations and the people the US Congress Established by and dialogue. research, study, cooperative

ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA 2 3 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA HIGHLIGHTS Highlights Highlights

ASEAN IN PROFILE JOBS With More Than 662 Million People, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations All 50 US States Export to ASEAN, Supporting More Than 625,000 US Jobs (ASEAN) has the 3rd Largest Population in the World and a GDP of $3.2 Trillion Nineteen states have more than 10,000 jobs that rely on exports to ASEAN member states, ASEAN seeks to promote economic growth and regional stability among its members and in 13 US states ASEAN accounts for more than 20% of export-dependent jobs to the through consultation, consensus, and cooperation based on the Treaty of Amity and Indo-Pacific. Cooperation (TAC) to which 43 countries including the United States (US) have acceded. INVESTMENT ASEAN ECONOMY ASEAN is the Number One Destination for US Investment in the Indo-Pacific ASEAN is Currently the 3rd Largest Economy in the Indo-Pacific and the 5th ASEAN has received more than $338 billion in total US foreign direct investment, more than the Largest in the World United States has invested in China, India, Japan, and South Korea combined. The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), realized in 2015, has a combined GDP of $3.2 trillion, and is also the 3rd fastest-growing major Indo-Pacific economy in the past decade, INFRASTRUCTURE after China and India. Infrastructure Development in ASEAN is One of the Top Priorities for Member States The US government’s Asia EDGE initiative has mobilized $806 million in private and public ASEAN HEALTH investment to fund 11 renewable energy projects in Indonesia and supported Vietnam’s Universal Healthcare is Being Adopted by ASEAN Member States growing solar energy market. Indonesia has one of the world’s largest free healthcare programs, covering approximately 180 million people. DIGITAL ECONOMY ASEAN's Digital Economy is Projected to Exceed $300 Billion by 2025 ASEAN ECONOMIC GROWTH PROJECTIONS With 915 million active mobile connections, almost 1.5 times its population, ASEAN is the ASEAN's Economy is Projected to Grow by Over 5.5% Per Year and Become world's fastest-growing internet market, and one of the largest digital economies in the the 4th Largest Economy in the World by 2030 world. With a projected annual growth rate of over 5.5% per year, ASEAN is forecast to overtake India and Japan to become the 4th largest economy in the world by 2030. TRAVEL AND TOURISM Visitors from ASEAN Add Nearly $8 Billion to the US Economy Annually THE UNITED STATES AND ASEAN STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP In 2019, nearly 1.3 million people from ASEAN countries visited the United States, while over ASEAN Member States are Key Diplomatic, Economic, and Security Partners 4.8 million Americans visited ASEAN. for the United States The US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (FTA), which went into force in 2004, was EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE America’s first FTA in the Indo-Pacific, and the US currently has a trade surplus with ASEAN Students Contribute More Than $2 Billion to the US Economy Singapore. More than 55,000 students from ASEAN study in the United States, comprising 5% of all international students. TRADE The United States Exports More Than $122 Billion in Goods and Services to ASEAN POPULATION ASEAN ranks 4th after Canada, Mexico, and China as a goods export market for the United More Than One-Third of Asian Americans Identify with an ASEAN Ethnicity States, and the United States is the 2nd largest trading partner for ASEAN. Of the estimated 22 million Asian Americans in the United States, 7.6 million identify with one of nine ASEAN ethnicities tracked by the US Census Bureau. AGRICULTURE ASEAN is a Top Five Destination for US Food and Agricultural Exports SISTER PARTNERSHIPS The United States exports $13.7 billion in food and agricultural goods to ASEAN, including over 110 Sister Relationships between the United States and ASEAN Build $2 billion in soybeans and $1.6 billion in cotton. People-to-People and Commercial Connections Seven ASEAN member states have formed partnerships with 23 US states and the District of Columbia. NORTH KOREA 4 5

ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA SOUTH ASEAN IN PROFILE With More Than 662 Million People, the Association of ASEAN IS AT THE CENTER OF A DYNAMICKOREA INDO-PACIFIC REGION rd Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has the 3 Largest CHINA East China Sea NEPAL JAPAN BHUTAN Population in the World and a GDP of $3.2 Trillion INDIA BANGLADESH TAIWAN ASEAN is a 10-member regional bloc with a combined GDP of $3.2 trillion, a MYANMAR LAOS population of 662 million, and a land mass covering more than 1.7 million square INDIA miles (larger than the land area of India). Founded in 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, VIETNAM Philippine Sea the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, ASEAN has since expanded to include THAILAND Bay of Bengal Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. ASEAN’s community-building South China Sea CAMBODIA effort comprises three pillars: the Political Security Community; Economic PHILIPPINES Community; and Socio-Cultural Community. ASEAN holds semiannual ASEAN SRI Pacic Ocean Summits and numerous ministerial and working-level meetings in support of its LANKA Malacca Strait community-building objectives. BRUNEI

ASEAN seeks to promote economic growth and regional stability among its MALAYSIA members through consultation, consensus, and cooperation based on the Treaty of SINGAPORE Amity and Cooperation to which 43 countries, including the United States, have acceded. ASEAN member states are helping to shape important regional economic, Indian Ocean INDONESIA PAPUA political and security initiatives by convening key Indo-Pacific countries at the NEW GUINEA annual East Asia Summit and other fora. Sunda Strait TIMOR-LESTE

Lombok Strait AUSTRALIA ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN) MALAYSIA SINGAPORE ASEAN Secretariat: Jakarta, Indonesia Capital: Kuala Lumpur Capital: Singapore Population: 33 million Population: 5.8 million Population: 662 million ASEAN.org Chair rotates annually among member states. Member Since: 1967 Member Since: 1967 The ASEAN-US relationship began formally in 1977. The United States acceded to the Treaty of Amity and US investments in Malaysia increased to $5.9 billion in Singapore was the first US bilateral free trade partner Cooperation in Southeast Asia in 2009 and was the first non-ASEAN country to appoint a resident Ambassador 2019, making the United States the country’s largest in the Indo-Pacific, and in 2015 the two countries to ASEAN in 2019. The United States joined the East Asia Summit in 2011 and institutionalized annual ASEAN-US source of foreign direct investment that year. signed an enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement. summits in 2012. The ASEAN Community was realized on December 31, 2015. The United States elevated its relationship with ASEAN to a Strategic Partnership on November 21, 2015. MYANMAR THAILAND Capital: Nay Pyi Taw Capital: Bangkok BRUNEI INDONESIA Population: 53.2 million Population: 69.8 million Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan Capital: Jakarta Member Since: 1997 Member Since: 1967 Population: 461 thousand Population: 269.6 million The United States restored full diplomatic relations with Thailand is the oldest US treaty partner in the Member Since: 1984 Member Since: 1967 Myanmar in 2012 and has invested over $285 million in Indo-Pacific, dating from 1833. The United States and Brunei held their first Indonesia, the world’s 3rd largest democracy, and the the country to support private sector-led growth. bilateral army exercises in 2018, focusing on jungle United States upgraded their relations to a “strategic and urban warfare. partnership” in 2015. PHILIPPINES VIETNAM CAMBODIA LAOS Capital: Manila Capital: Hanoi Capital: Phnom Penh Capital: Vientiane Population: 108.9 million Population: 97.4 million Population: 16.7 million Population: 7.3 million Member Since: 1967 Member Since: 1995 Member Since: 1999 Member Since: 1997 The largest Filipino diaspora is in the United States, with US trade with Vietnam has grown exponentially since The United States is the largest purchaser of In 2016, then President Barack Obama became the first over four million US citizens of Philippine ancestry—the 1994, reaching $77 billion in 2019—a 32% increase over Cambodia's exports, including over $2 billion in apparel. sitting US President to visit Laos. third largest Asian population in the United States. the previous year.

Source Population: International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Economic Outlook, 2020 data. Numbers rounded throughout publication. All monetary values are in US$ unless otherwise noted. Additional Sources: World Bank, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Whenever possible, the most recent available data is used. For the most up-to-date data please visit CIA World Fact Book, US Department of State, ASEAN Secretariat, White House Archives AsiaMattersForAmerica.org/ASEAN 6 7 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA ASEAN ECONOMY ASEAN is Currently the 3rd Largest Economy GDP COMPARISONS SOUTH th KOREA in the Indo-Pacific and the 5 Largest in $1.6t JAPAN CHINA $5.1t the World $14.3t

The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), realized in 2015, has a combined GDP of $3.2 trillion and is the 3rd fastest-growing major Indo-Pacific economy in the past decade, after China and India. As a critical hub for global trade, over $2.8 trillion in global trade INDIA TAIWAN $2.9t $612b transited the ASEAN region in 2019 alone. The AEC seeks to reduce or remove trade barriers to facilitate the free movement of goods, services, capital, and skilled labor within the ASEAN region. A single customs window, known as the ASEAN Single Window, was developed to expedite cargo LEGEND: clearance and promote ASEAN economic integration. In December 2019, all 10 ASEAN b - Billions t - Trillions member states joined the ASEAN Single Window Live Operation. ASEAN $3.2t

REAL GDP GROWTH* Singapore ASEAN’s GDP compared to other Indo-Pacific economies from 2011–2020 Vietnam $337b $341b Malaysia 72% 80% Philippines $336b $367b 60% Thailand Myanmar 40% $509b $71b 24% 16% 15% 14% 10% Indonesia Cambodia 20% $26b EU Australia Japan $1.1t 0 Laos China India US ASEAN Taiwan South $19b Korea -20% Brunei AUSTRALIA -18% $11b $1.4t -40% -23% -31% PER CAPITA GDP *Real GDP growth was calculated in constant US$ using World Bank methodology. For further information on our methodology please visit AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/sources-and-methodology Myanmar $1,333 NOTE: Global GDP rankings include the EU as a single entity Cambodia $1,572 Source: International Monetary Fund World Economic Outlook (April 2021), 2019 data, IMF Laos $2,567 Philippines $3,373 Vietnam $3,498 Indonesia $4,038 Thailand $7,295 Malaysia $10,192 Brunei $23,117 Singapore $58,484 United States $63,051 0 10000$10k 20000$20k 30000$30k 40000$40k 50000$50k 60000$60k 70000 80000 8 9 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA ASEAN ECONOMY FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS EXAMPLES OF CLIMATE INITIATIVES ASEAN is at the heart of a network of plurilateral and bilateral free trade agreements in the Indo-Pacific region. ASEAN has free trade agreements (FTAs) in place with PARTNERS/PROGRAMS ACTIVITIES the region's biggest economies including China, Japan, South Korea, Australia & New ASEAN Coordinating Centre for • Cooperation to improve climate-related disaster response Zealand, and Hong Kong. An ASEAN-Canada FTA is under discussion. The recently Humanitarian Assistance coordination signed Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP), which • Focus on Net Zero Emissions, Land Use, Forestry, Mangroves, includes all ASEAN countries and five other Indo-Pacific partners, is expected to enter US-Indonesia Climate Change Marine, Renewable Energy and Energy Transition, Sustainable into force in 2022. Four ASEAN members—Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam— Partnership* Finance have signed the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership • *Still in discussions as of the time of this publication (CPTPP) FTA which currently includes 11 members but may be expanded to include • Platform for the US government and private sector to share US-ASEAN Smart Cities others. Singapore is the only ASEAN member state to conclude FTAs with both the best practices on sustainable cities with the ASEAN Smart Partnership United States and the European Union. These networks of FTAs are a key reason why City Network several ASEAN member nations are viewed as trusted trade partners playing vital roles in Science & Technology Fellows • Provides opportunities for Southeast Asian scientists to tackle the global and regional supply chains of numerous industry sectors. Program issues like climate change and biodiversity conservation Clean Power Asia Program: Promotes low-emission power systems, integrate renewable targets into national power development plans, support grid-connected renewable energy ASEAN-US COOPERATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE development, and secure finances for clean energy projects By 2100, temperatures in ASEAN are projected to increase between 0.8 - 3.2 degrees LESTARI: Sustainable forest management projects for reduction Celsius. In the United States, warming has accelerated over the past three decades with of greenhouse gases in Indonesia greater frequency of severe weather. Both the United States and ASEAN are vulnerable USAID BIJAK: Biodiversity conservation projects in Indonesia to the impact of climate change. Food for Progress Program: Improve agricultural productivity Climate change patterns are expected to exacerbate conflicts in the South China Sea and trade in Laos, Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and (SCS), where the region shares vast amounts of natural resources, and the Mekong Vietnam by deploying agricultural commodities Delta, where half of the arable land may be inundated by rising sea levels. Excessive Vietnam Forests and Delta Program: Strategies for climate resource extraction exacerbated by rising temperatures in the SCS has already depleted action in forestry and agriculture fish stocks by a third over the past 30 years, one of the primary sources of food for many Focused on economic connectivity, human capital development, communities, and a critical industry for the region. transboundary water and natural resources management, and non-traditional security, including collaboration on emerging The ASEAN-US Joint Statement on Climate Change reflected a commitment to tackling Mekong-US Partnership climate change under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). threats such as health security, pandemic response, countering The United States works closely with ASEAN on a number of climate change initiatives. transnational crime, cyber security, and countering trafficking in The region is hopeful that the United States re-joining of the Paris Agreement in people, drugs, and wildlife 2021 will reinvigorate climate cooperation in Southeast Asia. For ASEAN to meet the • Financed construction of Indonesia's first utility-scale power ambitions of the Paris Agreement, the estimated financing requirement will be around $3 plant (30 turbines connected to the grid) in Sulawesi US International Development trillion by 2030. However, by 2019, annual financing had only reached $40 billion. • Credit guarantor of Tridi Oasis in Jakarta to support plastic Finance Corporation recycling • Credit guarantor for sustainable fishing industry in Philippines

Sources: The Greater Mekong and Climate Change (WWF); Asia & the Pacific Policy Society; US Environmental Protection Agency; US Embassy in Indonesia; CAIT; World Bank, ASEAN Climate Action: A Review of Nationally Determined Contributions Updated in 2020 (ASEAN Centre for Energy); Mekong-US Partnership 10 11 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA ASEAN HEALTH ASEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY Although ASEAN remains heavily dependent on coal and other fossil fuels for energy, Universal Healthcare is Being Adopted by the region has made strong renewable energy commitments, including 23% of energy through renewables by 2025 and 32% reduction in energy intensity from 2005 levels. ASEAN Member States ASEAN energy demands are expected to grow 38% by 2025 and 146% by 2040, mainly driven by increasing urban populations, transport, and industry. The ASEAN Center for Health care expenditure in ASEAN accounts for 4% of the region’s total GDP, lower than Energy noted that to achieve the region’s stated commitments, investments of more than the global average of 10%, and relies heavily on public funding. Singapore has the highest $580 billion would be required. The climate-energy nexus and the transition to low- healthcare expenditures per capita at $2,823 but also leads ASEAN in preventative care carbon economies is critical for both the United States and ASEAN countries to achieve measures such as access to healthcare providers, sanitation, and vaccines. One-third of their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. the 11 million global medical consumers travel to ASEAN annually. Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand are major medical tourism destinations, with 40% of healthcare revenue in SHARE OF RENEWABLES IN ELECTRICITY GENERATION* those countries coming from medical tourism. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for further investment in healthcare in the region, including in biotechnology, 100% telehealth, biopharmaceuticals, medtech, and diagnostic medicine. Universal healthcare is also being adopted by ASEAN member states. Indonesia has one of the world’s largest 90% free healthcare programs, covering approximately 180 million people. 80% UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE PERCENT OF POPULATION 70% 2015 60% 100 Laos 2017 Cambodia 50% 80

40% 60

Vietnam 40 30% Philippines United States 20 20% Malaysia Thailand 10% 0 Indonesia Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam Singapore 0 Brunei 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 HEALTH EXPENDITURE VS LIFE EXPECTANCY 2000 Health Expenditure as a % of GDP 2000 Life Expectancy GREEN FINANCE 2018 Health Expenditure as a % of GDP 2018 Life Expectancy 8 Green bonds fund projects that have positive environmental or climate benefits. The global 90 7 80 volume of green bonds and loan issuance rose sharply by over 50% from $171 billion in 2018 to 70 6 $258 billion in 2019, buoyed by strong interest from both investors and issuers. ASEAN green 60 5 bonds represented only 3% of the global total in 2019. ASEAN’s issuance of green bonds almost 50 doubled, reaching $8.1 billion in 2019 from $4.1 billion in 2018, supported by new regulations 4 40 and guidelines. In comparison, US green bonds reached $52.9 billion in 2019, 6.5 times the 3 30 size of ASEAN’s green bond market. Two-thirds of the proceeds are allocated to the Energy 2 20 and Infrastructure sectors. Singapore contributed to 55% of the ASEAN green debt issuance in 1 10 2019, up from 29% in 2018, cementing its position as the region’s leader in green bonds. 0 0 Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam *No data available for Myanmar. Data limited to 2019 for Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, and Malaysia. Source Share of Renewables: Global Electricity Review Dataset 2021, Ember; Additional Source Universal Health Care: "Progress toward universal health coverage in ASEAN," National Sources: IRENA’s Renewable Energy Outlook for ASEAN; Report on Promoting Sustainable Finance in Institutes of Health; Source Health Expenditure: World Bank, 2018 data; Source Life Expectancy: ASEAN; ASEAN Green Finance State of the Market 2019 report; ASEAN Green Financial Instruments World Health Organization, 2020 data Guide, Climate Bonds Initiative; 12 13 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA ASEAN ECONOMIC GROWTH PROJECTIONS ASEAN's Economy is Projected to Grow WOMEN'S ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION IN ASEAN* th by Over 5.5% per Year and Become the 4 2019 Female Participation % 80% Potential Economic Impact in billions by 2025 Largest Economy in the World by 2030 70% $140b $120b 60% With a projected annual growth rate of over 5.5%, ASEAN is forecast to $100b overtake India and Japan to become the 4th largest economy in the world 50% $80b by 2030. 40%

Over 380 million people in ASEAN are under age 35 (58% of the $60b 30% population), roughly 20% larger than the entire population of the United $40b States. ASEAN also has the world’s 3rd largest labor force, trailing only 20% $20b China and India. ASEAN's middle class is expected to more than double 10% in size from 135 million (24% of ASEAN's population) to 350 million 0 (51% of the population) by 2030. Sustainable urbanization is a key part of Brunei* Cambodia Indonesia Laos* Malaysia Myanmar Singapore Philippines Thailand Vietnam this demographic growth, and it is estimated that nearly 70% of ASEAN’s population will live in urban areas by 2030. PROJECTED GDP AND URBANIZATION GROWTH Women’s economic empowerment is another key element to economic

growth. With ASEAN’s female population equal to that of the total 100 Singapore population of the United States, increased female participation in the 100% 3% Malaysia workforce could add nearly $370 billion to ASEAN’s economy. 81% 5% 80 Brunei Indonesia 82% 2% Vietnam 63% 5% PROJECTED ANNUAL GDP GROWTH RATE Laos 47% 7% 60 Average annual GDP growth (%) Thailand 52% 6% 9% 47% 4% 8% Myanmar 44% 7% South Korea 7% China 40

8.3 % Urbanization Growth 3.2 % 6% Philippines 56% 7% Cambodia 5% 26% 7% 4% 20 3% 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Japan 2% India 3.3% 7.5 % 1% GDP Growth Urbanization Growth GDP Growth

United States 3.8 % Taiwan *No data available for potential economic impact for Brunei and Laos. The potential economic impact is to 6.5 % annual GDP by 2025 and under the best-case scenario in the 2014 dollar. Sources Women: International Labour Organization statistics, 2019; ASEAN Statistical Yearbook, 2020; “The power of parity: Advancing women’s equality in Asia Pacific”, McKinsey Global Institute, 2018 European Union 4.3 % ASEAN Source Projected GDP Growth: International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Economic Outlook, April 2021, 2018- 6.2 % 2026 data Source GDP and Urbanization: International Monetary Fund and UN World Urbanization Prospectus, 2025 data Australia 4.7 % 15 THE UNITED STATES AND ASEAN STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP 10 24 PHILIPPINES Number of Visits from US Number of Visits from US Number of Visits to

8 20 INDONESIA 1 BRUNEI 5 8 15 VIETNAM MALAYSIA 3 15 1 8 CAMBODIA 10 1 LAOS 18 7 THAILAND 2 4 MYANMAR HEADS OF STATE VISITS* STATE OF HEADS and official States United the to Leaders ASEAN by visits official of number Total States ASEAN Member to US Presidents visits by *Only officially recognized heads of state/government are counted. counted. are state/government of heads recognized officially *Only of the Historian Office State, of Department Map: US State of Heads Source data FY2020 Aid Explorer, Foreign Aid: US Health Source 25 5 SINGAPORE m m $47 $65 m $2.4 Philippines Malaysia Indonesia m Myanmar $45 Laos $11m Cambodia $42m Vietnam $32m $18m Thailand US HEALTH AID TO ASEAN AID TO US HEALTH in collaboration between ASEAN member states and over 20 institutes at the US National at the US National 20 institutes and over ASEAN member states between in collaboration of Health. Institutes has also provided access to clean drinking water to to clean drinking water to access has also provided $16 million million people and invested 5.6 over Generation in the One Health Workforce-Next health multisectoral build a stronger to program States United The the region. across workforce than 1,000 on more collaborated and ASEAN have projects research than 300 active including more the last 10 years, over projects research the United States has invested over $3.5 billion in $3.5 over has invested States the United the In 2019, supporting public health in ASEAN. the US-ASEAN ASEAN launched and States United accelerate which aims to initiative Health Futures health capacity strengthen joint health research, of generation the next and develop the region, across USAID, through States, United human capital. The The United States is working with ASEAN member states on public health issues and states with ASEAN member is working States United The than $87 million more provided has already States United The cooperation. development in fight COVID-19 to assistance in government pandemic COVID-19 The ASEAN member states. fundamental health is to how has also exposed In 2020 ASEAN’s prosperity. economic shared the past 20 years, Over 4.2%. by GDP contracted Economic ties were formalized with the US-ASEAN Trade and Investment Framework Framework and Investment Trade with the US-ASEAN formalized were ties Economic Plan Work Engagement on with the Expanded Economic in 2006 and elaborated Agreement during the also participates in annual consultations Representative US Trade in 2012. The which Agreement, Trade Free US-Singapore Meetings. The Ministers ASEAN Economic Indo-Pacific. in the FTA first was America’s in 2004, force into went COLLABORATION PUBLIC HEALTH United States joined the East Asia Summit in 2011 and began to hold annual ASEAN-US hold annual in 2011 and began to joined the East Asia Summit States United partnership a strategic to was raised relationship the US-ASEAN Summits in 2012. In 2015, guide the to (2021-2025) of Action ASEAN-US Plan a new the parties adopted and in 2020, and ASEAN discuss and coordinate States United The Partnership. Strategic US-ASEAN Ministers Defense Forum and the ASEAN the ASEAN Regional through security activities Meeting Plus. Economic, and Security Partners for the Partners and Security Economic, States United United The significantly. expanded in 1977 and has since began relationship US-ASEAN The non-ASEAN 2009 and was the first in of Amity and Cooperation the Treaty signed States The organization. the and permanent mission to ambassador a resident establish country to ASEAN Member States are Key Diplomatic, Diplomatic, Key are States Member ASEAN

14 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA 17 THE UNITED STATES AND ASEAN STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP

Hawai‘i Hawai‘i Enhanced Defense Defense Enhanced (2012) (2000) UNITED STATES UNITED STATES AND SINGAPORE Cooperation Agreement Cooperation (since 2006) 2006) (since Vietnam – Oregon Vietnam Indonesia – Hawai‘i – Hawai‘i Indonesia Philippines – Philippines

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Major non-NATO Major non-NATO

AND THAILAND UNITED STATES UNITED STATES

(2002) (since 2002) (since (since 2009) 2009) (since

Cambodia – Idaho Thailand – Washington Malaysia Malaysia – Washington UNITED STATES UNITED STATES AND PHILIPPINES Major non-NATO Alliance Major non-NATO STATE NATIONAL GUARD PARTNERSHIPS NATIONAL STATE US-ASEAN SECURITY ALLIES AND PARTNERS ALLIES SECURITY US-ASEAN Maritime Exercise (AUMX) in the South China Sea, and the Inaugural ASEAN-US ASEAN-US Inaugural China Sea, and the in the South (AUMX) Exercise Maritime disasters natural to is vulnerable As ASEAN Dialogue in Singapore. Cyber Policy to US military and tsunami, the such as typhoons, earthquakes, contributed has with (HADR) missions in the region, Relief Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance sector. as the private as well the US government across support from expanded in 2018, and the Indo-Pacific Maritime Security Initiative, which has which has Initiative, Security Maritime the Indo-Pacific 2018, and in expanded interoperability, sharing, information enhance to million than $250 more provided states. and ASEAN member States the United between cooperation and maritime all with military exercises and bilateral US militaryThe in multilateral participates held their first and ASEAN States the United In 2019, member states. 10 ASEAN US & ASEAN 16

0 - 4 5 - 6 7 or more PHILIPPINES LEGEND

13 INDONESIA 6 BRUNEI 6 VIETNAM 16 MALAYSIA 5 1 CAMBODIA LAOS 15 THAILAND 1

MYANMAR 15 SINGAPORE Source Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief: US Agency for International Development Development International for Agency US Relief: and Disaster Assistance Humanitarian Source data FY2007-2017 Assistance, Disaster Foreign of Office (USAID), Strength Military US of Index Foundation, Heritage Sources: Additional Sources Military Exercises: US Indo-Pacific Command, US Navy; US Army, Pacific; US Marine Corps Corps US Marine Pacific; Army, US US Navy; Command, Indo-Pacific US Exercises: Military Sources Pacific Forces, member states Plus (ADMM-Plus). Plus (ADMM-Plus). in ASEAN maritime security capacity increase to has worked US government The which was Initiative, Enforcement Law the Southeast Asia Maritime through EXERCISES MAJOR MILITARY and ASEAN States the United involving and biennial exercises Annual $3.37 trillion in trade passing through the disputed waters of the South China Sea of the South waters the disputed passing through in trade trillion $3.37 both is a priority for maritime security billion in US trade, including $208 year, each to efforts regional has supported States United The and ASEAN. States the United consultations and workshops, trainings, through awareness security and increase (ARF), the Expanded Forum of the ASEAN Regional within the frameworks Meeting- Ministers (EAMF), and the ASEAN Defense ASEAN Maritime Forum SECURITY COOPERATION SECURITY the sea lanes straddling position critical geographic as a is positioned ASEAN over With to the east. Ocean and the Pacific the west to Ocean the Indian between

16 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA 19 TRADE b b b China $106 $86b ASEAN b $74 Japan b $57 Korea South b India $34 $31b Taiwan b $26 Australia b $10.1 Transportation Equipment $11.1b & Computers Products Electronic b $18.6 Other Goods b $30.5 Agricultural Agricultural Products $6.4 Machinery $6.6 Chemicals 2019 9% 8% 2018 15% 5% 2017 5% 2016 26% 17% 2015 6% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2014 b b b COMPOSITION OF US GOODS & OF US GOODS & COMPOSITION ASEAN TO EXPORTS SERVICES $7.2 $3.6 b $2.4 b $2.4 b $2.8 2013 $19.8 Tourism Services Services Business Business Industrial Industrial Processes Consulting Consulting Advertising 2012 Royalties from from Royalties Other Services Management & Management R&D and Testing Testing R&D and Personal Travel & Travel Personal 2011 m $390 2010 b $3.1 $358m or less m $194 or more m $1.2b b $2.9 2009 $1.3b $415 m $230 D US EXPORTS TO THE INDO-PACIFIC TO US EXPORTS $300 million million - 1 billion $301 $1.1 - 2 billion $2.1 - 4 billion billion $4.1 GEN billion to nearly $352 billion in the past decade. ASEAN's surplus in goods surplus in goods ASEAN's the past decade. billion in nearly $352 billion to billion, while the US surplus in services $120 totaled States with the United billion. $15.8 with ASEAN totaled The total value of US-ASEAN bilateral trade has increased 98% from $177 98% from has increased trade bilateral of US-ASEAN value total The 2008 E L NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW VERMONT DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA OF DISTRICT MASSACHUSETTS RHODE ISLAND CONNECTICUT JERSEY NEW DELAWARE MARYLAND $0b $30b $90b $60b b $120 b $150 MAINE $322m TRADE NEW b $6.3 YORK b $2.4 b b $2.4 VIRGINIA b $2.7 $3.4 m b $3.1 PENNSYLVANIA N CAROLINA

b WEST $265 S CAROLINA VIRGINIA FLORIDA $4.8 b $2.8 GEORGIA OHIO b $1.9 b $1.9 m $843 KENTUCKY b $2.6 MICHIGAN b $1.6 INDIANA ALABAMA TENNESSEE m b $5.2 $758 largest trading partner trading largest ILLINOIS Texas is the largest US is the largest Texas to of goods exporter ASEAN. b $1.4

MISSISSIPPI nd b $2.0 LOUISIANA WISCONSIN $1.2b m $398 ARKANSAS MISSOURI IOWA $660m b $2.8 MINNESOTA largest largest rd $584m b $1.3b m OKLAHOMA $20 KANSAS TEXAS $526 m $198 m $352 NEBRASKA SOUTH DAKOTA SOUTH NORTH DAKOTA NORTH Indonesia is 3 Wyoming's partner. trading goods m $254 HAWAI‘I b $1.7 m $261 COLORADO $404m after Canada, Mexico, and China as a goods export market export and China as a goods Mexico, Canada, after WYOMING NEW MEXICO NEW m $213 th MONTANA UTAH $868m b $2.7 ARIZONA m $614 IDAHO products to ASEAN. to products California is the largest is the largest California of agricultural exporter m GOODS AND SERVICES EXPORTS TO ASEAN TO EXPORTS GOODS AND SERVICES Source US Map and Pie Chart: Estimated by the Trade Partnership (Washington, DC), 2019 data 2019 DC), (Washington, Partnership Trade the by Map and Pie Chart: Estimated US Source (BEA) Analysis Economic of and Bureau (ITA) Administration Trade International Line Chart: US Source NOTE: Services data not available for Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar. Laos, Cambodia, for not available data Services NOTE: for more than $1 billion in exports to ASEAN, including California and Texas and Texas including California ASEAN, to in exports than $1 billion more for ASEAN countries. to in exports $19 billion each over which contribute Billion in GoodsBillion to ASEAN Services and 4 ASEAN ranks is the 2 States and the United States, United the for $84 nearly and $38 in goods billion exported States United The ASEAN. for individually account US states Twenty-nine ASEAN. billion in services to The United States Exports More Than $122 $122 Than More Exports States United The $758 b $5.1 m NEVADA b $192 b $4.2 WASHINGTON ALASKA OREGON $19.7 CALIFORNIA

18 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA 20 21 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA AGRICULTURE ASEAN is a Top Five Destination for The top agricultural exports from ASEAN to the United States include shellfish/ US Food and Agricultural Exports finfish & seafood products ($5.2 billion), soybean oil ($1.9 billion), and forestry products ($1.2 billion). ASEAN is also the top global natural rubber and palm oil The United States exports $13.7 billion in food and agricultural goods to exporter, responsible for 84% and 86% of global production, respectively. ASEAN, including over $2 billion in soybeans and $1.6 billion in cotton. ASEAN is the 4th largest global importer of US agricultural goods and the 2nd largest importer of US food and agricultural products in the Indo- COMPOSITION OF ASEAN FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL Pacific after China. Thirty-two states export over $100 million in food and EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES agricultural goods to ASEAN, with California, Washington, Illinois, and Shellsh & Finsh, Texas each exporting over $1 billion. Fresh/Chilled 19% Frozen Agri $4b FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS TO ASEAN Soybean Oil & Other 42% Other Oilseed 10% $7b $2b WASHINGTON Seafood Products, $1.8b Milled Rice & MAINE By-Products Prepared/ MONTANA 8% NORTH DAKOTA $24m $132m MINNESOTA $1b Canned/Packaged $290m $356m $2b OREGON Fruits & Vegetables 6% $90m NEW NEW HAMPSHIRE $4m Preserved 4% 6% Forestry Products WISCONSIN 5% IDAHO YORK VERMONT $5m $1b $1b $121m $178m $112m SOUTH DAKOTA MASSACHUSETTS $26m $105m MICHIGAN Tree Nuts WYOMING $256m RHODE ISLAND $1m $1b $4m PENNSYLVANIA CONNECTICUT $13m IOWA $107m $125m NEBRASKA $227m OHIO NEW JERSEY NEVADA $292m $434m DELAWARE $21m INDIANA $27m UTAH ILLINOIS WEST MARYLAND $44m $157m VIRGINIA $179m $1.2b $47k COLORADO $7m DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA $146m KANSAS VIRGINIA MISSOURI KENTUCKY $283m CALIFORNIA $502m $136.9m $63m $2b N CAROLINA SELECTED STORIES: US AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND BEVERAGE TENNESSEE $335m $361m OKLAHOMA S CAROLINA COMPANIES SUPPORT DEVELOPMENT IN ASEAN ARIZONA $143m ARKANSAS $216m $166m NEW MEXICO $106m $20m CARGILL COCA-COLA MISSISSIPPI GEORGIA $350m ALABAMA $622m Cargill’s 155,000 employees across 70 The Coca-Cola Company's heritage in ASEAN $62m countries, including over 40,000 in ASEAN, dates back more than 100 years from its early TEXAS $1.5b LOUISIANA FLORIDA work relentlessly to achieve the shared days distributing one brand, to today where it $191m $62m ALASKA purpose of nourishing the world in a safe, proudly operates as a total beverage company that $82m responsible, and sustainable way. Every manufactures across the region. For the reasons day, Cargill connects farmers with markets, outlined in this publication, ASEAN remains HAWAI‘I customers with ingredients, and people and a top growth opportunity for its business. The $16m LEGEND animals with the food they need to thrive. Coca-Cola Company looks forward to continuing $10 million or less $ 11 - 100 million They combine 155 years of experience with to invest in the region for a better shared future $101 - 200 million new technologies and insights to serve through initiatives including improving recycling $201 - 500 million as a trusted partner for food, agriculture, and reducing packaging waste, providing access $501 million or more financial, and industrial customers in more to clean drinking water for communities, and than 125 countries. Side-by-side, they are economically empowering women and youth. building a stronger, sustainable future for Source US Map: Estimated by the Trade Partnership (Washington, DC), 2019 data using NAICS codes 111, 112, 311 Source Pie Chart: US Census Bureau, 2019 data using NAICS codes 111, 112, 1132, 311, 3121 agriculture. Additional Sources: US Department of Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 22 23 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA JOBS All 50 US States Export to ASEAN, Supporting More Than 625,000 US Jobs

Almost 42,000 companies across the United States export to ASEAN. These goods and Greenfield investment* from six ASEAN member states has created an estimated 23,000 services exports support, directly or indirectly, more than 625,000 US jobs. Nineteen jobs in the United States since 2003. Over half of these jobs were created by Singapore- states have more than 10,000 jobs that rely on exports to ASEAN member states. In 13 based companies. US states—Arizona, Georgia, Kansas, Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, Tennessee, Under the US-ASEAN Connect framework, the United States launched the US-ASEAN Texas, Virginia, Wyoming, Oregon, Idaho, and Maine—ASEAN accounts for more than Internship Program in 2018 to provide opportunities for ASEAN students to gain work 20% of export-dependent jobs to the Indo-Pacific. experience in US companies based in ASEAN member states, and has increased its In 2020, 21 states had over $1 billion in goods exports to ASEAN. In per capita terms, engagement with ASEAN entrepreneurs, investors, and businesses through Connect trade with the 10 ASEAN member states creates the most jobs for Oregon, followed by Centers in Jakarta, Bangkok, and Singapore. North Dakota, Washington, the District of Columbia, South Carolina, Texas, and Kansas. Trade with ASEAN creates over a quarter of a million combined jobs in California, TOP 10 STATES Texas, Washington, New York, and Illinois. ASEAN AS A SHARE OF INDO-PACIFIC JOBS SUPPORTED BY EXPORTS TO ASEAN TRADE EXPORT-DEPENDENT JOBS 1 Wyoming 36% WASHINGTON 2 Idaho 26% 26,625 MONTANA MAINE 3 Georgia 24% NORTH DAKOTA 1,665 1,626 MINNESOTA 2,944 15,091 4 Mississippi 24% OREGON 20,422 NEW NEW HAMPSHIRE 1,999 Maine 23% WISCONSIN 5 IDAHO YORK VERMONT 1,181 3,338 7,443 34,888 Arizona 23% SOUTH DAKOTA MASSACHUSETTS 16,328 6 1,451 MICHIGAN WYOMING 10,434 RHODE ISLAND 1,049 7 North Dakota 23% 1,350 PENNSYLVANIA CONNECTICUT 6,464 IOWA Montana 22% 12,542 14,721 8 NEBRASKA 3,912 NEW JERSEY NEVADA 3,619 OHIO DELAWARE 2,020 9 Oregon 22% 15,384 4,644 UTAH ILLINOIS INDIANA MARYLAND 6,778 8,423 WEST 10 Tennessee 21% 4,689 30,023 COLORADO VIRGINIA DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 2,414 1,291 9,338 KANSAS VIRGINIA MISSOURI KENTUCKY 13,587 CALIFORNIA 8,033 6,779 8,426 JOBS FROM GREENFIELD INVESTMENT INTO 101,294 N CAROLINA LEGEND TENNESSEE 14,619 2,000 or fewer OKLAHOMA 14,360 THE UNITED STATES BY ASEAN COUNTRY ARIZONA 3,585 S CAROLINA 2,001 - 5,000 ARKANSAS 14,108 NEW MEXICO 16,278 Indonesia 2,435 5,001 - 10,000 1,379 467 2% MISSISSIPPI GEORGIA 10,001 - 20,000 7% 5,128 ALABAMA 24,596 20,001 or more Vietnam 4,304 1,583 TEXAS 9% 84,143 LOUISIANA FLORIDA Malaysia 7,996 17,149 ALASKA 2,178 1,076 Thailand 10% Singapore 2,308 60% HAWAI‘I 13,658 1,260 Philippines 2,703 12%

*Greenfield investment refers to the building or expansion of new facilities rather than purchases or merges with existing companies. Source Jobs from Trade: Estimated by the Trade Partnership (Washington, DC), 2019 data Source Jobs from Greenfield Investment: fDi Markets database, 2003-2020 data INVESTMENT 25 Total Two-Way Investment Two-Way Total in Position Investment Direct US the Indo-Pacic in the Position Investment Direct the Indo-Pacic from US NEW ZEALAND $12b $3b JAPAN b $132 b $619 LEGEND $73m Indonesia $487m Vietnam b AUSTRALIA b $162 $81b TAIWAN $17 $11b $532m Malaysia SOUTH KOREA $39b $62b b $649m Philippines HONG KONG $82b $14 ASEAN $338b $25b $1.2b Thailand CHINA b $116 $38b $4.8b Singapore 0 $1b $5b $2b $3b $4b US-ASEAN DIRECT INVESTMENT POSITION IN A REGIONAL CONTEXT A REGIONAL IN POSITION INVESTMENT DIRECT US-ASEAN GREENFIELD INVESTMENT INTO THE THE INTO GREENFIELD INVESTMENT ASEAN MEMBER STATES US BY INDIA $46b $5b

b $162 Australia b $132 Japan b China $116 India $46b b $39 Korea South b $17 Taiwan ASEAN $338b ASEAN Australia $81b Australia $62b Korea South China $38b $25b ASEAN India $5b Taiwan $11b Taiwan b $619 Japan

2019 2019 2018 2018 2017 2017 2016 2016 2015 2015 2014 2014 2013 2013 2012 2012 2011 2011 b b b b b b b *Data for China does not include the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong or Taiwan or Hong Kong of Region Administrative not include the Special China does for *Data Basis, on a Historical-Cost Position Investment (BEA) Direct Analysis Economic of Bureau US Source: 2021 Ltd Times the Financial from fDi Markets, data, 2019 $0 ASEAN member states have invested over $24.9 billion into the United States. States. the United into billion $24.9 over invested have ASEAN member states $21 billion over with among ASEAN member states, investor is the largest Singapore 2003, ($1 billion). Since and Malaysia ($2 billion) Thailand by followed invested, and the District in 34 states projects in greenfield been invested nearly $8 billion has of Columbia. US Investment in the Indo-Pacific Indo-Pacific in the US Investment the United from investment $338 billion in almost ASEAN has received date To and South Japan, China*, India, to has directed States than the United more States, of one-third over for in ASEAN accounts investment US direct combined. Korea the Indo-Pacific. into US investment ASEAN is the Number One Destination for Destination One Number the is ASEAN IN THE UNITED STATES INDO-PACIFIC DIRECT INVESTMENT POSITION POSITION INVESTMENT DIRECT INDO-PACIFIC US DIRECT INVESTMENT POSITION IN THE INDO-PACIFIC POSITION INVESTMENT US DIRECT $0 $50b $100 $700 $200 $500 $300 $400 $600 b $150 b $100 $250b $350b b $200 $300b $400b

24 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA 26 27 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA INVESTMENT CORPORATE INVESTMENT SELECTED STORIES More than 6,200 US companies operate in ASEAN. Many of these companies use ASEAN as a production platform to export within the region CHEVRON MSD and to other parts of the world, leveraging ASEAN’s free trade agreements Chevron is one of the world’s leading MSD, a leading global biopharmaceutical with many other Indo-Pacific countries. US companies in ASEAN, many integrated energy companies and a proud company, has been inventing for life for of whom operate in multiple ASEAN member states, create significant partner with countries in ASEAN, where 130 years, bringing forward medicines business linkages involving local suppliers and contractors in the region. the company has had a presence for and vaccines for many of the world's nearly a century. They believe affordable, most challenging diseases. MSD conducts reliable, and ever-cleaner energy is business in the ASEAN region and US COMPANIES IN ASEAN MEMBER STATES* essential to achieving a more prosperous examples are the regional headquarters, a and sustainable world. Chevron translational medicine research center, an MYANMAR produces crude oil, natural gas, and IT hub and a cutting-edge manufacturing 21 LAOS LNG; manufactures transportation fuels, site located in Singapore, as well as the 10 lubricants, petrochemicals, and additives; regional finance function in Malaysia. VIETNAM and develops technologies that advance Through their presence in ASEAN, the THAILAND 312 612 a lower-carbon future for ASEAN and innovative solutions that they provide and the world more broadly. The company their efforts in biomedical research, MSD CAMBODIA LEGEND 38 PHILIPPINES values being both a regional and global is committed to improving the lives of the 100 or fewer 1,852 leader in health, safety, and environmental patients in the ASEAN region. 101 - 700 performance. 701 or more

BRUNEI Coca-Cola 18 VIATRIS AIG MSD Citi MALAYSIA Viatris sees healthcare not as it is, but as it AIG has a long history of serving Chevron 1,028 should be. Viatris in ASEAN is committed customers across ASEAN and has to empowering people to live healthier remained a steadfast partner in the at every stage of life. To drive change, story of the region’s economic growth they bring a combination of strengths and prosperity. An industry pioneer INDONESIA SINGAPORE and qualities to open up equal access to and trusted brand, AIG offers a wide 1,737 762 healthcare for every person, regardless range of general insurance products of geography or circumstance. Fueled and services through a diversified by genuine care and passion, Viatris distribution network. With offices Indian Ocean in ASEAN works hand in hand with throughout ASEAN, AIG has an patients, healthcare practitioners, and established reputation as a leading insurer local governments and partners to get the to businesses and individuals, protecting best treatments into people’s hands at the them in the moments that matter. *Companies indicate US parent companies with subsidiaries in ASEAN member states right time – wherever they are. as recognized by Uniworld. For more information on our methodology, please visit AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/sources-and-methodology

Source Map: Uniworld Business Publications (accessed February 2021) Additional Sources: ASEAN Business Outlook Survey 2020, US Chamber of Commerce; Fortune; individual corporations 29 INFRASTRUCTURE

2020 Johor Bahru, Malaysia Johor Bahru, WASHINGTON, DC WASHINGTON,

2019 CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO, FRANCISCO, SAN Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City,

2018

WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE, MILWAUKEE, Phuket, Thailand Phuket, $0m $50m $150m $100m US-ASEAN SMART CITIES WATER SMART ENGAGEMENTS SMART ENGAGEMENTS WATER SMART CITIES US-ASEAN (WISE) PARTNERS US INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION CORPORATION FINANCE DEVELOPMENT US INTERNATIONAL STATES IN ASEAN MEMBER FUNDING $250m $200m $300m

on 71% stock level), 2016-2030 projection 2016-2030 level), stock on 71% parties will engage in collective capacity building and innovative technology technology building and innovative capacity parties in collective engage will security. familiarization in water Smart US-ASEAN Annual Report; 2020 Corporation, Finance Development International US Sources: based Need estimation Thumb" of ("Rule Institute Global McKinsey (usascp.org); Partnership Cities and ASEAN industry, municipal, and academic leaders; and strengthens the and strengthens leaders; municipal, and academic and ASEAN industry, capabilities of ASEAN cities. Programs and cybersecurity digital economy water, including transportation, in various sectors, been implemented have Water US-ASEAN 2020, In January innovation. and technological trade, ASEAN Smart Cities Network three paired Smart (WiSE) Engagements during which both program, US cities in a three-year cities with three investment by 2025. As of September 2020, there were 17 DFC projects in 17 DFC projects were there 2020, As of September 2025. by investment funds. million in committed $748 with over ASEAN, US private (USASCP) promotes Smart Cities Partnership US-ASEAN The smart, sustainable city solutions; create in ASEAN to engagement sector US between collaboration technical and encourages best practices shares in private and public investment to fund 11 renewable energy projects in projects energy 11 renewable fund to public investment and in private market. solar energy growing Vietnam’s Indonesia and supported Corporation Finance Development the US International Additionally, in ASEAN support projects than $1 billion to more (DFC) has invested sector private $12 billion in new up to generate and aims to countries, investment including the US-ASEAN Connect framework's Energy Energy Connect framework's including the US-ASEAN investment effort in ASEAN in a five-year invest to pledged which has Connect pillar, investment This energy. renewable the supply of grid-connected increase to in the generation energy of grid-tied renewable includes at least 500MW Vietnam. and Thailand, of Cambodia, Laos, countries River Mekong lower than $800 million Asia EDGE has mobilized more US government’s The One of the Top Priorities for Member States for Member Priorities the Top One of in road, trillion in investment $2 over need for the has forecast McKinsey infrastructure and telecommunications water, port, airport,rail, power, The growth. of economic levels maintain the current ASEAN to across support such infrastructure to has multiple initiatives States United Infrastructure Development in ASEAN is in ASEAN Development Infrastructure

28 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA 30 31 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA ASEAN's Digital Economy is Projected to DIGITAL ECONOMY Exceed $300 Billion by 2025

ASEAN is the world's fastest-growing internet market. The region is US digital companies in the region are among the top mobile vendors (Apple, predominantly mobile-first, with over 90% of its internet users connected 23% market share), search engines (Google, 96%), and social media platforms via smartphone and 915 million active mobile connections, nearly 1.5 times (Facebook, 65%), edging out Chinese competitors. The US government and its population. Online spending is expected to more than triple to $300 businesses have also provided support to over 120,000 ASEAN entrepreneurs billion by 2025, fueled by e-commerce, ride hailing apps, online media, and since 2011 through various programs, including the US-ASEAN Business an increasingly innovative online marketplace in part due to the COVID-19 Alliance for Competitive SMEs and the online ASEAN SME Academy. pandemic.

There is ample room for ASEAN to grow its digital economy because of its INTERNET ECONOMY AND DIGITAL PAYMENTS IN ASEAN many policy frameworks and because of how the region is also becoming Comparison between 2020 and projected 2025 2025 a source of digital economy "innovation." ASEAN has developed policy $1,200b frameworks to realize a more interconnected and inclusive digital economy, $1,000b including the AEC Blueprint 2025, Masterplan on ASEAN Connectivity 2025, and the e-ASEAN Framework Agreement. The World Economic Forum’s $800b 2020 Digital ASEAN Initiative also works collaboratively with regional partners and $600b the ASEAN Secretariat to create a pan-ASEAN data policy, build digital skills $400b 2025 in the ASEAN workforce, create a common ASEAN e-payment framework, and nurture ASEAN cybersecurity cooperation and capacity building. $200b 2020 0 Internet Economy (Gross Merchandise Value) Digital Payments INTERNET PENETRATION AND MOBILE SUBSCRIPTIONS IN ASEAN SELECTED STORIES: BUILDING ENTREPRENEURIAL EXPERTISE Mobile penetration outpaces traditional internet access across the region GOOGLE 150% Mobile Telephone Subscriptions 139% Backed by funding from Google.org and support from the 120% ASEAN Coordinating Committee on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (ACCMSME), The Asia Foundation 90% announced a new grassroots program that will bring skills Individuals Using the Internet training to 200,000 people in marginalized communities across 60% 57% Southeast Asia. Through the Go Digital ASEAN initiative, MSMEs and underemployed youth across the region will 30% learn how to better utilize the internet and relevant digital tools to grow their businesses and reduce vulnerability against 0% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 cyber threats amidst the COVID-19 crisis. Training will be customized to local conditions and will cover modules such as digital marketing, business development, and online safety to Source Internet Penetration: International Telecommunications Union (ITU), ASEAN Statistical enable participants to access the most relevant tools and skills Yearbook 2020; Source Merchandise and Digital Payments: e-Conomy SEA 2020 (Data limited to to help them improve their livelihoods in the digital economy. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) Photo: US-ASEAN Business Council 32 33 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA TRAVEL AND TOURISM Visitors from ASEAN Add Nearly $8 Billion ASEAN VISITORS TO THE UNITED STATES BY COUNTRY to the US Economy Annually Philippines 514k Singapore 178k

In 2019, nearly 1.3 million people from ASEAN countries visited the Indonesia 154k United States, while over 4.8 million Americans visited ASEAN. It is Vietnam 143k estimated that international travel fell by over 70% globally due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the Indo-Pacific being the hardest hit location Thailand 130k

for tourism. Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Singapore are the top Malaysia 108k four destinations in ASEAN, with over 3.7 million annual visitors from the United States combined. US airlines serve cities in all four of these countries. Myanmar 12k

Cambodia 7k

VISITORS FROM THE UNITED STATES TO ASEANTRAVEL & TOURISMLaos 2k There are more than Brunei 1k 1,000 direct flights between the Philippines 0 100k 200k 300k 400k 500k 600k MYANMAR 77k and California each year. LAOS 61k VIETNAM TOP 10 STATES THAILAND 746k 1.16m Manila ASEAN VISITOR SPENDING IN THE US Bangkok CAMBODIA 1 California $1.4b 248k PHILIPPINES New York $714m Ho Chi Minh City 1.06m 2 3 Texas $618m Thailand has the most 4 Florida $518m US visitors of any BRUNEI 4k 5 Illinois $357m ASEAN country. 6 Georgia $317m MALAYSIA 7 Massachusetts $270m 269k 8 Washington $244m 9 New Jersey $202m 10 Nevada $183m

INDONESIA LEGEND SINGAPORE Jakarta 457k 100,000 or fewer 729k 100,001 - 400,000 400,001 - 900,000 Source Visitors from US: Cambodia Ministry of Tourism, Statistics Indonesia, Lao Tourism Development 900,001 or more Department, Tourism Malaysia, Myanmar Ministry of Hotels & Tourism, Philippines Department of Tourism, Regular ights operated by US Singapore Tourism Board, Thai Ministry of Tourism & Sports, Viet Nam National Administration of Tourism, UN carriers, including code shares World Tourism Organization, 2019 data Source Visitor Spending: Estimated by the Trade Partnership (Washington, DC), 2019 data Source Visitors from ASEAN to the US: US Customs and Border Patrol, 2019 data 34 35 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE ASEAN Students Contribute More Than $2 Billion to the US Economy

More than 55,000 students from ASEAN study in the United States, comprising 5% of Over 7,000 US students study in ASEAN member states, an increase of 113% over the all international students. More than 23,000 students come from Vietnam alone, the last decade. Thailand, Singapore, and Vietnam are the most popular destinations for most of any ASEAN member state and the 6th largest amount from any country globally. study abroad, with over 75% of US students in ASEAN studying in these three countries. In the 2019/2020 academic year, students from ASEAN countries declined by 3.2% from In contrast to global trends, US students studying in ASEAN increased 10% from the the previous year due to travel restrictions from the COVID-19 pandemic. The top US previous year. destination for ASEAN students is California, where eight universities have Southeast Asia studies programs, followed by Texas, New York, and Washington. TOP 10 STATES ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OFEDUCATIONAL ASEAN STUDENTS EXCHANGE ASEAN STUDENTS AS A SHARE OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS x 1 WASHINGTON 1 Washington 15% $142.5m MONTANA MAINE 2 Hawai‘i 13% NORTH DAKOTA $2.9m $4.5m MINNESOTA x 1 $1.3m $35.2m 3 Montana 10% x 2 OREGON x 1 $38.8m NEW NEW HAMPSHIRE $5.8m x 1 4 Oregon 10% IDAHO WISCONSIN YORK x 1 VERMONT $3.3m $3.2m $31.1m $182.5m 5 Nebraska 9% SOUTH DAKOTA MASSACHUSETTS $0.1m x 1 $1.3m MICHIGAN WYOMING $0.04m RHODE ISLAND $14.8m 6 Iowa 8% $0.8m x 1 CONNECTICUT $16m Minnesota 8% IOWA x 1 PENNSYLVANIA x 1 7 NEBRASKA NEW JERSEY $16.4m $26.6m x 1 $92m NEVADA $15.2m x 1 OHIO DELAWARE $2.3m 8 California 7% INDIANA $44.4m $5.1m UTAH ILLINOIS MARYLAND $26.5m $47.4m WEST 9 Nevada 7% $9.4m $72.9m x 2 COLORADO VIRGINIA x 1 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA $19.6m x 8 $19.8m KANSAS $3.7m VIRGINIA 10 Wisconsin 7% MISSOURI $37.9m $13.8m KENTUCKY CALIFORNIA $24.8m $14.4m $464.2m x 1 N CAROLINA x 1 TENNESSEE $21.7m $9m ARIZONA OKLAHOMA $19.1m $13.6m S CAROLINA US STUDENTS STUDYING ABROAD IN ASEAN NEW MEXICO ARKANSAS $4.9m $3.5m $7.6m Number of students from US colleges and universities who enrolled in MISSISSIPPI GEORGIA $2.3m ALABAMA $30.5m study abroad programs in ASEAN member states $14.3m TEXAS $137.3m LOUISIANA FLORIDA Thailand 2,859 $12.7m $46.8m ALASKA Singapore 1,434 $0.3m 1,235 x 1 LEGEND Vietnam HAWAI‘I $5 million or less Indonesia 677 $14.3m $5.1 - 15 million Cambodia 411 $15.1 - 30 million Philippines 381 $30.1 - 100 million 241 $100.1 million or more Malaysia Schools with Southeast Asia studies programs Myanmar 77 Laos 14 Source Economic Contribution: Institute of International Education (IIE) Open Doors report, 2019/20 academic year data; NAFSA: Association of International Educators, 2019/20 academic year data; Brunei 0 individual university websites Source Top 10: IIE Open Doors report, 2019/20 academic year data 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 Source US Students: IIE Open Doors report, 2018/19 academic year data 36 37 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE FULBRIGHT PROGRAM YOUNG SOUTHEAST ASIAN LEADERS INITIATIVE (YSEALI) More than 650 students, teachers, and scholars participate in Fulbright YSEALI is the US government’s signature program to educate and provide skills exchanges between the United States and ASEAN. Participants from all training to the people of Southeast Asia. YSEALI is open to young people from 10 ASEAN member states take part in the program. Since the program’s all ASEAN member countries and Timor-Leste. Since 2013, YSEALI has offered founding in 1949, over 12,000 students, teachers, and scholars from exchanges, regional workshops, small grant funding, and other programs to ASEAN have participated, including over 3,300 from Indonesia and develop ties between the United States and ASEAN. The YSEALI professional over 2,500 from the Philippines. Since 1949 there have been over 5,500 and academic fellowships, for example, connect young Southeast Asian leaders American Fulbright participants, with the greatest number engaged in with US universities, businesses, and non-profits. YSEALI programs have more the Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand programs. than 6,000 alumni, and more than 150,000 young people belong to the YSEALI Network.

At the September 2020 ASEAN-US Foreign Ministers' Meeting, the United FULBRIGHT PARTICIPANTS SINCE 1949 States announced the new YSEALI Academy at Fulbrights University in Vietnam to expand YSEALI’s people-to-people engagement between the United States and ASEAN. Brunei 61 LEGEND 22 From ASEAN From US Cambodia 545 YSEALI PARTICIPATION BY COUNTRY 219 Cambodia Indonesia 3,611 1,389 6%

Laos 373 206 Myanmar Malaysia 6% Malaysia 1,082 10% 1,730 Laos Myanmar 743 Thailand 226 11% 2% Philippines 2,585 957 Timor-Leste 1% Singapore 397 272 Vietnam Singapore Thailand 1,994 18% Indonesia 1% 1,091 25% Vietnam 1,313 714 Brunei 1% Philippines 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 19%

Source Fulbright: US Department of State, Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairs, 1949-2020 Source YSEALI: US Department of State, US Mission to ASEAN (as of April 2021) 38 39 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA ASEAN AMERICAN POPULATION More Than One-Third of Asian Americans ASEAN ETHNICITY POPULATION GROWTH IN THE US SINCE 2015 35%

Identify with an ASEAN Ethnicity 30%

Of the estimated 22 million Asian Americans in the United States, 7.6 million identify 25% with one of nine ASEAN ethnicities tracked by the US Census Bureau. Filipino and Vietnamese are the largest ethnic groups, with populations of 4 million and 2 million, 20% respectively. Hawai‘i, California, Nevada, Alaska, and Washington have the highest percentage of populations who identify with an ASEAN ethnicity. 15% Immigrants from ASEAN member states account for over 11% of all naturalizations in 10% the United States, and almost 30% of naturalizations by Asians. Remittances—funds that immigrants send to individuals in their home countries—represent a major financial 5% flow between the United States and ASEAN. The Philippines and Vietnam are the top receivers of remittances from the United States. In 2018, an estimated $11.4 billion was 0% sent to the Philippines and $8.3 billion to Vietnam from the United States. With 38% Burmese Cambodian Filipino Hmong Indonesian Laotian Malaysian Thai Vietnamese of total remittance inflows, the United States is the primary source of remittances to the Philippines. In Rhode Island, 16% TOP 10 STATES ASEAN AMERICANASEAN POPULATION AMERICANS BY STATE and immigrationof Asian Americans Over 81,000 Hmong identify as Cambodian, SHARE OF STATE (formerly from Laos) live in the largest percentage in WASHINGTON Minnesota, the largest Asian the country. POPULATION WHO IDENTIFY 330,023 population in the state. WITH ASEAN ETHNICITY MONTANA MAINE NORTH DAKOTA 9,923 6,716 MINNESOTA 6,141 178,544 1 Hawai�i 28% OREGON 101,623 NEW NEW HAMPSHIRE 14,301 2 California 7% WISCONSIN IDAHO YORK VERMONT 3,180 16,049 99,399 236,035 Nevada 7% SOUTH DAKOTA MASSACHUSETTS 130,852 3 7,331 MICHIGAN WYOMING 86,823 RHODE ISLAND 19,566 4 Alaska 6% 3,512 PENNSYLVANIA CONNECTICUT 39,610 IOWA Washington 4% 126,263 170,646 5 NEBRASKA 41,587 NEW JERSEY NEVADA 25,304 OHIO DELAWARE 8,936 6 Minnesota 3% INDIANA 79,381 196,024 UTAH ILLINOIS MARYLAND 121,873 61,583 WEST 40,341 228,126 7 Virginia 3% COLORADO VIRGINIA DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 8,486 6,420 89,914 KANSAS VIRGINIA 8 Oregon 2% MISSOURI KENTUCKY 214,490 CALIFORNIA 46,607 54,286 27,691 9 Maryland 2% 2,829,983 N CAROLINA LEGEND TENNESSEE 117,799 Texas 2% 20,000 10 OKLAHOMA 52,937 or fewer ARIZONA 52,403 S CAROLINA ARKANSAS 124,131 NEW MEXICO 43,824 20,001 - 50,000 20,883 26,296 MISSISSIPPI GEORGIA 50,001 - 100,000 18,535 ALABAMA 137,319 TEXAS 28,974 100,001 - 200,000 570,502 LOUISIANA FLORIDA 200,001 or more 286,865 HAWAI‘I 55,143 ALASKA 392,480 44,945 Source Population: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS), 2019 Burmese, Cambodian, Filipino, Louisiana’s Vietnamese Hmong, Indonesian, Laotian, Malaysian, Thai, and Vietnamese alone or in combination 5-year estimates population makes up Source Growth: US Census Bureau, ACS 2015-19 data Source Remittances: World Bank Bilateral Remittances 71% of Asian Americans 36% of the state’s Asian Matrix, 2019 data in Alaska identify with an American population. Additional Sources: US Department of Homeland Security, 2019 data ASEAN ethnicity. 41 SISTER PARTNERSHIPS Bogor, ID Bogor, Medan, ID Medan, Davao, PH Davao, ASEAN Bauang, PH Bauang, Bandung, ID Bandung, Da Nang, VN Da Nang, Surabaya, ID Surabaya, Beaufort, MY Beaufort, Olongapo, PH Olongapo, Cebu City, PH City, Cebu Hai Phong, VN Hai Phong, Udonthani, TH Udonthani, Quezon City, PH City, Quezon PH City, Quezon Legazpi City, PH City, Legazpi Phnom Penh, KH Phnom Penh, Sihanoukville, KH Sihanoukville, Sorsogon City, PH City, Sorsogon Quang Tri Town, VN Town, Tri Quang Cagayan de Oro, PH Oro, de Cagayan State of Terengganu, MY Terengganu, of State General Santos City, PH City, Santos General Ninh Thuan Province, VN Ninh Thuan Province, 81 The Philippines Philippines The sister has the most with relationships of States the United member all ASEAN at 81. states PHILIPPINES State of Iowa of State Maryland of State MA Lowell, MI Heights, Sterling MI Heights, Sterling MO Louis, St. NJ City, Jersey NV Reno, NM Fire, Angel NC Beaufort, PA Pittsburgh, TX Worth, Fort UT City, Lake Salt VA Norfolk, VA Beach, Virginia WA Lakewood, WA Seattle, WA Seattle, WA Seattle, WA Seattle, WA Tacoma, WI Kenosha, WI Milwaukee, US Hue, VN Hue, Abra, PH Abra, Cebu, PH Cebu, Vigan, PH Vigan, Sarrat, PH Sarrat, Badoc, PH Badoc, Manila, PH Manila, PH Manila, ASEAN 6 Bangue, PH Bangue, Cabugao, PH Cabugao, Vientiane, LA Vientiane, Urdaneta, PH Urdaneta, Laoag City, PH City, Laoag PH City, Laoag Davao City, PH City, Davao 0 Pangasinan, PH Pangasinan, Quezon City, PH City, Quezon Bacarra City, PH City, Bacarra INDONESIA Mandaluyong, PH Mandaluyong, BRUNEI Puerto Princesa, PH Princesa, Puerto Santa & San Juan, PH Juan, & San Santa Zambales Province, PH Province, Zambales 9 3 VIETNAM 6 MALAYSIA CAMBODIA 1 4 LAOS Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Maui County, HI Maui County, HI Maui County, HI Maui County, HI Maui County, HI Maui County, HI Maui County, HI Maui County, HI Maui County, HI County, Kauai HI County, Kauai HI County, Kauai HI County, Kauai HI County, Kauai HI County, Kauai IL Elgin, US THAILAND 0 MYANMAR Iloilo, PH Iloilo, Manila, PH Manila, ASEAN Baguio, PH Baguio, PH Baguio, Baybay, PH Baybay, Sariaya, PH Sariaya, Hue City, VN Hue City, Bangkok, TH Bangkok, Calamba, PH Calamba, San Juan, PH Juan, San Pasig City, PH City, Pasig Pasay City, PH City, Pasay Chiang Rai, TH Chiang Rai, Ormoc City, PH City, Ormoc Candon City, PH Candon City, Battambang, KH Battambang, Cebu Province, PH Province, Cebu Isabela Province, PH Province, Isabela Ho Chi Minh City, VN Ho Chi Minh City, 0 Pangasinan Province, PH Province, Pangasinan Ilocos Sur Province, PH Sur Province, Ilocos Ilocos Norte Province, PH Province, Norte Ilocos SINGAPORE i D or more 0 1 - 3 4 - 6 7 - 10 10 GEN Hawai‘i Hawai‘i Hawai‘i Hawai‘i Hawai‘ E i County, HI i County, ʻ L ASEAN SISTER RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE UNITED STATES THE UNITED WITH RELATIONSHIPS SISTER ASEAN New Haven, CT Haven, New DC Washington, of State of State HI Honolulu, Walnut, CA Walnut, State of of State of State of State Hawai HI Honolulu, US CA Francisco, San CA Francisco, San CA Barbara, Santa CA Clarita, Santa Francisco, San South CA CA Stockton, CA Stockton, CA City, Union CA City, Union CA City, Union CA Vallejo, No cities in Myanmar No relationship a sister have but Fort with a US city, has a Indiana Wayne, with friendship relationship Myanmar. Mawlamyine, Sources: Sister Cities International, 2020 data; individual sister city associations city individual sister data; 2020 International, Cities Sister Sources: Pasay, PH Roxas, PH Roxas, Jakarta, ID Jakarta, Makati, PH Makati, ASEAN Can Tho, VN Can Tho, Bacolod, PH Bacolod, Cavite City, PH City, Cavite D or more Phnom Penh, KH Phnom Penh, Dagupan City, PH City, Dagupan 0 1 2-3 4-9 10 GEN E NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW VERMONT DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA OF DISTRICT MASSACHUSETTS RHODE ISLAND CONNECTICUT JERSEY NEW DELAWARE MARYLAND L MAINE NEW YORK VIRGINIA US CA Sacramento, CA Bernardino, San CA Beach, Long CA Beach, Long CA Angeles, Los CA Angeles, Los CA Milpitas, CA Riverside, CA Diego, San a sister city relationship with city relationship a sister Beaufort, Malaysia. Beaufort, North Carolina enjoys enjoys Carolina Beaufort, North N CAROLINA PENNSYLVANIA S CAROLINA WEST VIRGINIA FLORIDA SISTER CITIES OHIO GEORGIA Palo, PH Palo, KENTUCKY MICHIGAN Manila, PH Manila, ASEAN INDIANA ALABAMA TENNESSEE Da Nang, VN Da Nang, Lanphun, TH Lanphun, ILLINOIS MISSISSIPPI LOUISIANA WISCONSIN Vung Tau Ba Ria City, VN Ria City, Ba Tau Vung ARKANSAS MISSOURI IOWA MINNESOTA OKLAHOMA KANSAS TEXAS NEBRASKA LEGEND - LA; - ID; Laos Cambodia - KH; Indonesia TH; Thailand - - PH; Philippines - MY; Malaysia Vietnam - VN Palo Alto, CA Alto, Palo CA Sacramento, US CA Beach, Newport CA Oakland, CA Orinda, Elgin, Illinois is the only US city with relationship a sister share to a city in Laos. SOUTH DAKOTA SOUTH NORTH DAKOTA NORTH HAWAI‘I COLORADO WYOMING NEW MEXICO NEW ASEAN Bolinao, PH Bolinao, MONTANA Camiling, PH Camiling, Cebu City, PH City, Cebu La Carlota, PH La Carlota, Parañaque, PH Parañaque, Dumaguete, PH Dumaguete, Kalibo, Aklan, PH Aklan, Kalibo, UTAH Uma-Bawang, MY Uma-Bawang, ARIZONA IDAHO US SISTER RELATIONSHIPS WITH ASEAN RELATIONSHIPS US SISTER states link to 23 US states and the District of Columbia through 81 sister city, nine city, 81 sister of Columbia through and the District 23 US states link to states connections. county and 20 sister state, sister States and ASEAN Build People-to-People and Build People-to-People and ASEAN States ConnectionsCommercial and provinces, cities, counties, local partnerships between are relationships Sister communities build ties between relationships These with similar jurisdictions. states member ASEAN Seven initiatives. and cultural and support commercial, personal, 110 Sister Relationships between the United the between Relationships Sister 110 NEVADA WASHINGTON ALASKA OREGON CALIFORNIA Chula Vista, CA Chula Vista, Carson, CA Carson, CA Carson, Alameda, CA CA Alameda, CA Berkeley, Juneau, AK AK Juneau, Mobile, AL AL Mobile, AK Juneau, US ASEAN of any US city with 12ASEAN of any relationships. sister Maui County in Hawai‘i has County in Hawai‘i Maui in relationships the most sister

40 ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA ASEAN MATTERS FOR AMERICA/AMERICA MATTERS FOR ASEAN US-ASEAN Business Council members contributed toward this initiative.

This project explores the important and multi-faceted relationship between the United States and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Part of the Asia Matters for America initiative, this publication and its corresponding website AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/ASEAN provide tools for a global audience to explore the increasing significance of the US-ASEAN relationship in the 21st century.

Asia Matters for America is an ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute is located initiative of the East-West Center in in Singapore and can be contacted at: Washington and can be contacted at:

Asia Matters for America ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute East-West Center in Washington 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace 1819 L Street, NW, Suite 600 Singapore 119614 Washington, DC 20036 USA Tel: (+65)6778.0955 Tel: (+1)202.293.3995 ISEAS.edu.sg Fax: (+1)202.293.1402 [email protected] The US-ASEAN Business Council headquarters is in Washington, DC The East-West Center headquarters and can be contacted at: is in Honolulu, Hawai‘i: US-ASEAN Business Council East-West Center 1101 17th Street, NW, Suite 411 1601 East-West Road Washington, DC 20036 USA Honolulu, HI 96848 USA Tel: (+1)202.289.1911 Main Telephone: (+1)808.944.7111 USASEAN.org EastWestCenter.org