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Four New Lichen-Associated Trimmatostromaspecies

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Four New Lichen-Associated Trimmatostromaspecies Four new lichen-associated Trimmatostroma species (hyphomycetes) Paul Diederich1, Uwe Braun2, Bettina Heuchert2 & Damien Ertz3 1 Musée national d’histoire naturelle, 25 rue Munster, L-2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg ([email protected]) 2 Martin Luther University, Institute of Biology, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany ([email protected] and bettina.heuchert@botanik. uni-halle.de) 3 Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Domaine de Bouchout, B-1860 Meise, Belgique ([email protected]) Diederich P., U. Braun, B. Heuchert & D. Ertz, 2010. Four new lichen-associated Trimmato­ stroma species (hyphomycetes). Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois 111: 47-55. Abstract. Four new lichen-associated species of Trimmatostroma s. lat. are described. T. dendrographae is found on Dendrographa in California (U.S.A.), T. hierrense on cf. Arthonia endlicheri in El Hierro (Canary Islands), T. lecanoricola on saxicolous Lecanora in Peru; T. quercicola develops over bark of Quercus and is facultatively lichenicolous on degenerate lichen thalli in Belgium and Luxembourg. A key to the known lichenicolous species of Trimmatostroma is provided. Key words. Anamorphic fungi, Intralichen, lichenicolous, Taeniolella. 1. Introduction Helotiales (Crous et al. 2007). Other spe- cies were transferred to the new genus Cat­ The genus Trimmatostroma Corda (1837), enulostroma Crous & U. Braun (Crous et with T. salicis Corda as type species, was al. 2007). They are morphologically close introduced for bark-inhabiting saprobic to Trimmatostroma s. str., but belong to the hyphomycetes. This genus is character- Teratosphaeriaceae (Capnodiales). How- ized by having simple, little differenti- ever, even Catenulostroma is in its cur- ated conidiophores and conidiogenous rent circumscription probably not mono- cells as well as polymorphous conidia phyletic (Crous et al. 2009). formed in irregular basipetal chains (Ellis During the course of monographic stud- 1971, 1976). T. lichenicola M.S. Christ. & ies on lichenicolous Taeniolella S. Hughes D. Hawksw. (in Hawksworth 1979) was species, several collections provisionally the first lichenicolous species assigned to named “Taeniolella sp.” were encountered this genus. Hawksworth & Cole (2002) that turned out to be Trimmatostroma-like. revised and reassessed T. lichenicola and Species of Taeniolella are easily distinguish- similar lichenicolous hyphomycetes and able by having superficial, semimacrone- introduced the new genus Intralichen D. matous conidiophores, conidia formed Hawksw. & M.S. Cole, mainly differentiated in acropetal chains, and lacking multicel- from Trimmatostroma by its lichenicolous lular aggregations of conidial cells, which habit, an immersed mycelium, entirely are common in Trimmatostroma. As no immersed micronematous conidiophores, sequence data are available for these spe- and pale, smooth-walled conidia with few cies and as conidiomata are not stromatic septa. Based on molecular sequence anal- (the type species T. salicis and related spe- yses, Trimmatostroma proved to be very cies have sporodochial conidiomata with heterogeneous and must probably be con- a basal stroma), an inclusion in Trimma­ fined to T. salicis and a few closely allied tostroma might be questionable. On the species phylogenetically pertaining to the other hand, the formation of stromata Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 111 (2010) 47 and conidiophores in sporodochia is often colous taxa tentatively in Trimmatostroma unreliable as distinctive generic charac- s. lat. The final generic position of licheni- ter in hyphomycete genera. However, no colous Trimmatostroma-like hyphomycetes other suitable genus is available. There- depends on the phylogenetic affinity of the fore, we prefer to include the new licheni- taxa concerned. Fig. 1. Trimmatostroma dendrographae. A–C, Infected thalli of Dendrographa. D, Conidiophore with chains of conidia, in water. E, Same, in KOH. F–J, Chains of conidia, in water. K, Conidiophore, in water. A: California, Monterey, Crocker Grove; B–C, F–K: holotype; D–E: Diederich 16767. Scale bars: B = 1 mm, C = 0.5 mm, D–K (same scale bar) = 10 μm. 48 Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 111 (2010) 2. Material and Methods subtruncate. Conidia in simple or rarely branched, irregular, rarely disarticulating, The specimens examined are deposited in B, basipetal chains, shape and size very vari- BR, HAL, NY, UCR and UPS, and in the pri- able, mostly ellipsoid-ovoid to subcylindri- vate herbarium of P. Diederich. For micro- cal or oblong, transversely 0–pluriseptate, scopical examination, small fragments were rarely dictyosporous, ends more or less examined in water, after light pressure on rounded, c. 7–25 × 5.5–8.5 µm, sometimes the cover glass, and in 5% KOH. forming irregular aggregations, medium to dark brown or olivaceous-brown, distinctly olivaceous in KOH, wall 0.8–1.2 μm thick, 3. Results wall rugose-rimulose. Trimmatostroma dendrographae Diederich, This species is distinguished from T. leca­ Ertz, U. Braun & Heuchert sp. nov. Fig. 1 noricola by olivaceous conidia in KOH, from T. hierrense by rugose-rimulose conidia and MycoBank 518957. from T. quercicola by narrower conidia that Trimmatostromatis quercicolae simile, sed cat- are not visible macroscopically. Attempts to enis conidiorum macroscopice non distinctis, culture freshly collected material failed. thallu hospitis plus minusve fuscescens, conidiis olivaceo-bruneis in aqua, intense olivaceis in Ecology, hosts and distribution: All known KOH, 5.5–8.5 µm latis, pariete usque ad 1.2 µm specimens are lichenicolous on epiphytic crasso. Differt a Trimmatostromate salicis et T. and saxicolous thalli of Dendrographa, betulino habitu lichenicola, stromatibus et spo- including crustose, sorediate thalli that are rodochiis nullis, coloniis dispersis supra thallos considered to be the primary morph of the Dendrographae, conidiis olivaceo-brunneis, oli- host, before the fruticose structures appear. vaceis in KOH, 0–pluriseptatis, 7–25 × 5.5–8.5 In many specimens, fruticose thalli start µm, pariete rugoso-rimuloso. growing, but are so heavily parasitized by Type: U.S.A., California, Monterey Co., Carmel, this hyphomycete that they just reach up to Point Lobos State Reserve, 30 m alt., on Den­ drographa sp., on Cupressus macrocarpa, 18 Jul. 1 cm in length and then die. This species is 2008, P. Diederich 16789 & D. Ertz (BR – holo- known only from the coast of California, and type; HAL, NY, UCR, herb. Diederich – isotypes). it appears to be rather common in localities Colonies lichenicolous over the thallus of where the host Dendrographa is present. Dendrographa, usually covering the entire Additional specimen examined (all on Den­ surface of the host thallus, blackish, mac- drographa): USA, California, Monterey Co.: roscopically appearing as a finely granu- same locality as the type, on Cupressus macro­ carpa, 2008, Ertz 12482, 12487 & Diederich (BR); lar mixture of blackish conidia and white ibid., sheltered rock face near the sea, 2008, Ertz host hyphae, the whole appearing pale to 12441, 12453 & Diederich (BR); SW of Monterey, dark greyish at a low magnification (e.g., 17 Mile Drive, Crocker Grove, alt. 15 m, on C. in the field), individual chains of conidia macrocarpa, 2008, Diederich 16767 & Ertz 12462 hardly visible. Mycelium internal, hyphae (BR, herb. Diederich); along coast S of Asilomar, sparingly branched, 2.5–3.5 µm wide, sub- China Rock, alt. 5 m, on rock outcrop on the hyaline to pale brown, septate, thin-walled, beach, 2008, Ertz 12480 & Diederich (BR). rugose. Stroma lacking. Conidiophores usu- ally immersed, occasionally somewhat Trimmatostroma hierrense Diederich & erumpent, micronematous, c. 20–70 × 2.5–4 Ertz sp. nov. Fig. 2 µm, hyphal filaments gradually develop- MycoBank 518958. ing into fertile threads by becoming some- Differt ab omnibus speciebus Trimmatostromatis what wider and darker, with slightly thicker conidiis transverse septatis et parietibus conidi- wall, but differentiation between hyphae orum unilateraliter incrassatis et fuscatis. and conidiophores very difficult, rugose. Type: Spain, Canary Islands, El Hierro, E of Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, Frontera, trail between Frontera and ‘mirador de monoblastic (i.e., the terminal cell function- Jinama’ (part below ‘Fuente de Tincos’), 27°45’29” ing as conidiogenous cell), c. 5.5–9 × 3.5–4 N, 17°59’29” W, ‘fayal brezal’ forest and rocky µm, conidiogenous loci undifferentiated, outcrops, on a root under a rock along trail, on cf. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 111 (2010) 49 Fig. 2. Trimmatostroma hierrense (holotype). A–B, Infected thalli of cf. Arthonia endlicheri. C, Conidia and conidial chains, in water. D–F, Same, in KOH (conidiophores visible in D). Scale bars: A = 1 mm, B = 0.2 mm, C–F = 10 μm. Arthonia endlicheri, 31 Aug. 2009, D. Ertz 13946 and conidiophores very difficult, smooth. (BR – holotype; herb. Diederich – isotypes). Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, Colonies lichenicolous over the thallus of cf. monoblastic (i.e., the terminal cell func- Arthonia endlicheri, covering large parts of tioning as conidiogenous cell), c. 5.5–10 × the host thallus, blackish, macroscopically 3.5–4.5 µm, conidiogenous loci undifferenti- appearing as a finely granular mixture of ated, subtruncate. Conidia in simple or rarely blackish conidia and white host hyphae, the branched, irregular, often disarticulating, whole appearing dark greyish to blackish at basipetal chains, shape and size very
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