’s military past City centre guided tours around the College, and for of War Cloister. Please see Chief Marshal Hugh Dowding (1882-1970). Daniel Burges (1873-1946); Arthur Forbes Gordon Kilby (1885-1915); and Air Winchester dismantled by the end of 18 the walls. The town’s walls were largely the intention of rushing troops to threatened parts intramural streets (such as North Walls) were laid with street system was laid out inside the walls. These Roman town walls were refurbished and a new destroyed the settlement in 860AD but old point to resist the Danish invaders. A raiding army had was established as refuge and strong Winchester One of King Alfred’s defensive ‘burhs’, Web: Tel 6 Closed between Christmas and New Year Winchester, SO23 9GH Guildhall Winchester, High Street, OPEN : 01962 840 500 Follow King Alf on Twitter: Like King Alf on Facebook: www.visitwinchester.co.uk Monday to Saturday 10am 5pm Winchester College Winchester Tourist Information Centre www.winchestercollege.org/guided-tours www.visitwinchester.co.uk Email: [email protected] www.twitter.com/King_Al www.facebook.com/KingAlfWinchester 1917); Charles Doughty-Wylie (1868-1915); include Dennis George Wyldbore Hewitt (1897- who were all awarded the Notable Old Wykehamists with a military career commemorate those who had lost their lives. was designed by Sir Herbert Baker to II. Officially opened in 1924, the War Cloister Wykehamists, a further 275 died in World War Whilst WWI claimed the lives of over 500 old longest unbroken history of any English school. Founded College has the in 1382, Winchester guide to th century. for details of regular f tell the story of castle. interpretation panels and displays ruin overlooking the city. On-site slighted castle as a still imposing Schellinks in 1662 shows the Willem made by A drawing of Winchester surviving part of the medieval castle. 1235, is the only substantial Great Hall, built between 1222 and and eventually demolished. The besieged, captured by Cromwell, enhanced until 1645 when it was . It was maintained and the great fortresses of medieval Castle became one of Winchester of a castle within the city walls. Conqueror ordered the construction surrender,Winchester’s the William Just months after 1066 and reception by the Mayor of Winchester. that assemble at The Guildhall for a transformed by Homecoming Parades city centre is spectacularly Winchester Did you know?

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2 SO MUCH TO SEE – TOO GOOD MISS Email: info@winchester’smilitarymuseums.co.uk For more information: (01962) 877 826 / 843 659 Visitors’ Centre and refreshments at the Café Peninsula. www.winchestermilitarymuseums.co.uk W M M useums ilitary inchester’s FOR ALL THE FAMILY

4 The Adjutant General’s Corps Museum Museum The Gurkha The Royal Green Museum Jackets (Rifles) The Royal Regiment Museum HorsePower (Museum of The King’s Royal Hussars)

1 www.winchester-cathedral.org.uk can be booked through the website. Bond. Special military-themed tours equivalent of James Winchester’s by the number 757, was Peter Mews, a Royalist spy identified during the Civil War and Bishop incursion by Parliamentary troops testifies to a violent Window stranger to conflict – the West Navy. The cathedral itself is no Rifle Brigade and the Merchant The Royal Hampshire Regiment, Remembrance for units including regiments, and also Books of up colours of several local known campaigns. It houses the laid soldiers in both famous and lesser- recording the deaths of individual leaders, and many inscriptions monuments to illustrious military Brigade Centenary Window), memorials (including the Rifle sacrifice. It contains major long history of military service and Cathedral enshrines a Winchester Museum. display in the Imperial War awarded this honour are also on who have been of Wintonians Military Museums. Further medals currently on display in Winchester 15 Victoria Cross medals are Did you know? 2 Cathedral Winchester

night of 19 eventually destroyed by fire on the year. The King’s House was becoming an army barrack in same Revolutionary France before was home to refugee clergy from Independence. From 1792 to 1796 it to 1785 during the American War of from 1757 to 1764 and 1778 soldiers during the Seven Years’ War served as a prison for 5,000 French little more than a carcass of house, Charles in 1685. ‘The King’s House’, in 1683 but ended on the death of and influenced by Versailles, began Designed by Sir Christopher Wren Court’. Construction of the palace, summer residence for the whole Palace, sufficient like Windsor, for a developed for a park and ‘noble known visit in 1682. A scheme was to Charles II who paid his first The city offered the site of castle e The army remained in occupation up to 1983. see later renamed Peninsula Barracks, was ready for the army by 1904 and in the replacement building which parts of Wren’s palace were reused

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rd century Vibrant. Ancient. Cultured. MILITARY and one taking you further afield. follow these two informative trails – one based in the city military history of Winchester, ancient and modern, then If you are interested in finding out more about the district’s military stories span centuries of history. to the completion a Nuclear bunker sited at Twyford - the Iron Age forts, to Civil War sites, through two World Wars has a rich and varied military history.Winchester From Protect them wheresoe'er they go;” danger's hour; From rock and tempest, fire foe, “O Trinity of love and power!; Our brethren shield in Trace past from the Winchester's military Iron Age to the Nuclear Words from ‘The Navy Hymn’ written as a poem in 1860 by William Whiting of Winchester William Around Winchester guide to military past Cheriton battlefield Nelson Monument, Park war Alresford – Twyford nuclear 5 9 Marwell Airfield 19 Worthy Down airfield 20 site SU 642 205 6 memorial seat 12 50 Broad Street 15 bunker SU 492 241 St Catherine’s Old Winchester SU 607 072 SU 4276 2483 1 2 4 Merdon Castle In late November Between This BEAUTY AND HISTORY Hill SU 484 276 Hill SU 642 205 of 1943 the U.S. September 1941 key th The Bishop of Winchester, Henry de Blois, built this 47 Infantry were and March 1944, Royal castle in 1138. It continued in the ownership of the stationed at Cunliffe-Owen Flying Bishops of Winchester until 1552 when it was various sites Aircraft used an Corps surrendered to Edward VI. The castle is on private around Winchester (Alresford, area within the Marwell Estate as base land but some overgrown remains can be seen from , Cheriton, Armsworth, an airfield to support the manufacture was © Hampshire Chronicle A seat listing the regiments and their the road. The castle is sited within an earthwork , Bishop Sutton and of military aircraft at its nearby factory established on the site of the old commanding officers who marched whose form is suggestive of a much earlier Iron Age Grange). The HQ at at the site now home to Winchester racecourse on Worthy Just visible from the adjoining road, from Hursley Park to Southampton to For details of opening times, hillfort. 50 Broad Street, in Alresford is marked Airport. After the end of the war the Down in 1917. In 1918, when the RAF this bunker was created out of an old admissions, tours, services and embark for France in 1914. by a plaque. The men named the local airfield was returned to agricultural use. was formed, it became an RAF base, reservoir and was designed to act as a events please call us on 01962 857 200 Between 1642 and 1649 the English public houses the ‘eight stars to victory’. Some of the hangars remain. (Monday to Friday) or visit the website: home to squadrons of bombers Air- communications base for Southern www.winchester-cathedral.org.uk Civil War raged. By 1644 parliament When Hambone Jr, the regiment’s Marshals Portal and ‘Bomber’ Harris Water staff to restore a safe water controlled the south coast ports of The Hazeley Down faithful canine mascot, was run over he railway both passed through.The airfield, supply in the event of a nuclear attack Did you know? , Southampton and 10 memorial SU 5008 2550 was buried at The Dean, Alresford. A The enclosure consists of a simple Did you know? infamous for its uphill landing, became on the UK. In the 1980s, water was Freedom of Entry Fareham, the Royalists held Winchester 120ft (37m) tall on a granite base, this burial stone erected in 1962 with these 16 station In the early Iron Age an unfortified defensive bank and ditch built in the The Royal Armouries at Fort Every June Winchester holds a unsuitable for larger and modern considered a priority to maintain, and Andover. On 27 March 1644 the monument stands on Portsdown Hill, This memorial words, ‘Here lies Hambone Jr. faithful settlement, dated at 550-450 BC, was 1st millennium BC but there are a Nelson benefitted from a £3.5m week long celebration to mark aircraft and was transferred to the Royal especially the deep underground wells pikemen, musketeers and cavalry of the two miles north of Portsmouth commemorates friend of the 47th Infantry Regt. Ninth established on this hilltop. The number of earlier Bronze Age burial Heritage Lottery Fund Armed Forces Day. Tourist Navy as HMS Kestrel in 1939. The which would have been two armies met at Cheriton, the Harbour. Designed by John Thomas the troops Division U.S. Army May 1944.’ defences, formed by the building of a mounds within the interior. Outside redevelopment in 2011 that attractions, restaurants and shops station played host to a variety of Fleet uncontaminated by fall-out. Twyford Royalists led by Ralph Hopton, the Groves, it was paid for by the Navy. stationed at ditch-and-bank earthwork enclosing the western entrance to the hillfort offer special ‘thank yous’ to military Air Arm squadrons and aircraft types was chosen as a location as it was launched a new 'Voice of the Parliamentarians by Sir William Waller. Construction began in 1807 when it Hazeley Down nine hectares, were constructed there are further barrows of Bronze including the Swordfish, Skua and considered far enough away from Guns' gallery showcasing two families for their contribution to By late afternoon Hopton’s army was in was dedicated to Nelson. It is situated Camp in World Southwick House (. ) around 250-200 BC. The original wide Age date grouped around an even Fulmar during WWII. Bombed by the Southampton, which would have sections of the Iraqui Super Gun. protecting the nation. retreat – setting Alresford ablaze for at a very specific point on Portsdown War I. It was 13 entrance was reconstructed with earlier Neolithic long barrow. SU 63218 08805 Luftwaffe in August 1940, the station been a major nuclear target. Sixty cover – and Royalist military influence Hill where it could act as a sea mark inaugurated at was heavily defended with a ring of 32 workers were to have access to food, timber and included guard houses set a service held in south of the Thames had ceased. A for vessels coming into Portsmouth Fort Southwick Museums © Imperial War in bays in the ramparts on either side. pill boxes and trenches. Sir Ralph clear air and water for up to two leaflet is available to download from Harbour. Of unusual design - not August 1916. became the In the 2nd century BC, the entrance was Richardson and Sir Laurence Olivier both weeks. The Twyford bunker was The freedom honour is an ancient ANDOVER www.visitwinchester.co.uk and being in the classical styles of Greece operational Museums © Imperial War served at Worthy Down with the Fleet completed in 1990 when the Berlin narrowed and strengthened with chalk WHITCHURCH TO BASINGSTOKE Colour key Facey © Peter privilege which gives the right of entry reenactments happens annually. or Rome but modelled on a style of headquarters On 2 June 1944, Churchill and blocks. The site was abandoned on or 1 - 20 in date order Air Arm. In 1952 the Naval Air Electrical Wall had already fallen. As the and to bear arms in a city. Historically, A303 Interpretation panels exist on site. architecture from Ethiopia - it is of General members of his Cabinet; General shortly after 50BC. School moved here when the base engineering contract had already been this right has been given to regiments Iron and Morn Hill camps Eisenhower; Charles de Gaulle; surmounted by a funerary bust of 11 Eisenhower became HMS Ariel. In 1960 the Fleet Air committed to, it remained fully that the host city can rely on for 3 Norsebury Ring SU 511 295 - SU 735 265 Canadian William Lyon McKenzie King ALTON Bronze Age Admiral Horatio Lord Nelson and Arm handed the base over to the army operational until 1997 but, of course, protection. It also signifies a special

Roman co-ordinated and South African leader Jan Smuts; and it remains an army base. was thankfully never used. A34 relationship between the civil and Norsebury Ring Fort Nelson all the Museums © Imperial War all met on the royal train in the siding M3 7 military authorities. The following 3 SU 4909 4008 Vikings and SU 607 072 at Droxford. A plaque marks the event. Shawford Down planning for ‘Operation Overlord’. The regiments have been granted this A30 Anglo Droxford was chosen because of the STOCKBRIDGE 8 Golden Lion pub became the unofficial honour: ALRESFORD Saxons wayside cross SU 468 245 protection against enemy aircraft FREE MUSEUM ENTRY Bushfield Camp B3349 officer’s mess where Eishenhower 18 1945 The Hampshire Regiment (later afforded by a deep cutting The old FREE MUSEUM[Image ENTRY from Pru 12 Middle Ages, This cross enjoyed half pints of the pub’s own- The Royal Hampshire Regiment) WINCHESTER A31 Meon Valley line closed in 1955 and PWCM 27484] A32 Tudors & Civil commemorates brewed bitter. Visit by appointment only. 1946 The King’s Royal Rifle Corps A3057 the station is now a private residence. (acknowledge War the troops who The Rifle Brigade / Prince 5 Picture: Droxford siding with Churchill, Imperial War River 14 A272 marched by Consort’s Own 17 4 11 Modern Eisenhower, and Smuts on the platform Museum – Test 18 en-route to Cheesefoot Head. 1970 The Royal Army Pay Corps 9 History During , Winchester sending their 10 Hazeley down Flanders in 14 1978 The Royal Green Jackets royalarmouries. 20 became a major transit location for SU 530 279 conditions) © Hampshire Chronicle A3090 15 Marwell 1914. troops destined for the Western Front. (includes the former King’s Royal 8 PETERSFIELD Rifle Corps and The Rifle Airfield A3 Vast numbers of barrack huts and 17 B2177 Droxford recreation buildings were built, covering Brigade/Prince Consort’s Own) EASTLEIGH 16 If you see an THE BIG GUNS BISHOP’S railway station large tracts of Magdalen Hill, Winnall org 1992 The Princess Of Wales’s Royal River there is something JUST GOT BIGGER M27 WALTHAM Down and Avington Park. Regiment (which includes the Itchen River to see on the site AT FORT NELSON A Scheduled Ancient Monument on 2 It is claimed the Morn Hill Camps could An army training camp functioning former Royal Hampshire A32 Meon today. If there is CAFE 1871/ GALLERIES / SHOP/ VISITOR CENTRE/LIVE GUN SALUTES private land, and just visible from the accommodate more than 50,000 during WWII, national servicemen Regiment) SOUTHAMPTON no there is adjoining footpath, this is a single A31 A326 WICKHAM Built by Lord Palmerston to prevent a French land attack on the Portmouth dockyard troops when Winchester at the time and recruits to the Green Jackets 1995 HMS Dryad limited access or Brigade trained here in the1950s and ditch Iron Age enclosure of 7.9 acres 13 Southwick House only six miles away, this is one of five defensive forts built on the summit of Portsdown only had a population of about 20,000. Museums © Imperial War This house was requisitioned by the Ministry 1996 The Adjutant General’s Corps M27 no visible remains (3.2 hectares). Sub-circular in shape, Hill in the 1860s. A garrison of 200 volunteers accompanied by regular army officers By late 1917, after America joined the General Eisenhower, the Supreme Allied of Aircraft Production to re-house the Design 1961-64 respectively. The parade (which includes the former Royal Royal Armouries so a visit is the enclosure was badly damaged by The 7 Fort Nelson were to man the fort in times of war. It was not fully armed until the 1890s; disarmed War, Morn Hill was transferred to the Commander-in-Chief of Allied Forces, and Production department of Vickers ground and derelict buildings remain. Army Pay Corps)

inadvisable. in 1907 and used for military accommodation. In 1938 it was converted to an area Museums © Imperial War During the late 1940s the camp was 2004 The Army Training Regiment ploughing with only the north and New Forest 6 Nelson A27 US Army and 700-800,000 American addressed American troops here just Supermarine which had been bombed out west ramparts surviving. The original FAREHAM Monument anti-aircraft ammunition store. It was abandoned in the 1950s. Since 1995 it has been troops passed through the camps. New prior to the invasion of Normandy in of its original premises in Woolston, Southampton. During this time, Vickers worked on jointly run by the Rifle Brigade and 2006 The King’s Royal Hussars entrances lie at the south east and home to the Royal Armouries national artillery collection and is open to the public as a information panels mark the history of the early hours of 6 June 1944 that the development of many aircraft - the Spitfire, and also the early jet fighters like the the King’s Royal Rifle Corps. 2007 The Rifles (includes the former Beaulieu state-of-the-art museum. Attacker, Swift and Scimitar. The house is now the executive briefing centre for IBM. Picture: King George VI inspecting troops Royal Green Jackets) south west corners of the site. PORTSMOUTH the site. heralded the end of World War II.