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Berlin: Springer. Berendt, B., Rauh, R., and Barkowsky, T. (1998b). Spatial thinking with geographic maps: an empirical study. In H. Czap, H. P. Ohly, and S. Pribbenow (Eds.), Herausforderungen an die Wissensorganisation: Visualisierung, multimediale Dokumente, Internetstrukturen (pp. 63-73). Würzburg: ERGON Verlag. Braitenberg, V. (1984). Vehicles - Experiments in synthetic psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Bransford, J. D., Barclay, J. R., and Franks, J. J. (1972). Sentence memory: A constructive versus interpretative approach. Cognitive Psychology, 3, 193-209. Brooks, R. A. (1991). Intelligence without representation. Artificial Intelligence, 47, 139- 159. Card, S. K., Mackinlay, J. D., and Shneiderman, B. (1999). Readings in information visualization: Using vision to think. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufman. Carriero, C. M., Futrelle, R. P., Nikolakis, N., and Tselman, M. (1992). Informational diagrams in scientific documents. N. H. Narayanan (Ed.). AAAI Spring Symposium on Reasoning with Diagrammatic Representations - Working Notes. Casakin, H., Barkowsky, T., Klippel, A., and Freksa, C. (2000). Schematic maps as way- finding aids. In C. Freksa, W. Brauer, C. Habel, and K. F. Wender (Eds.), Spatial Cogni- tion II - Integrating abstract theories, empirical studies, formal models, and practical applications (pp. 54-71). Berlin: Springer. Clementini, E., and Di Felice, P. (1995). A comparison of methods for representing topological relationships. Information Sciences, 3, 149-178. Clementini, E., and Di Felice, P. (1997). A global framework for qualitative shape description. Geoinformatica, 1 (1), 11-27. Clementini, E., Di Felice, P., and Hernández, D. (1997). Qualitative representation of positional information. Artificial Intelligence, 95, 317-356. Clementini, E., Di Felice, P., and van Oosterom, P. (1993). A small set of formal topological relationships suitable for end-user interaction. In D. Abel, and B. C. Ooi (Eds.), Advances in spatial databases - Third International Symposium, SSD’93, Singapore (pp. 277-295). Berlin: Springer. Cohn, A. G. (1995). A hierarchical representation of qualitative shape based on connection and convexity. In A. U. Frank and W. Kuhn (Eds.), Spatial information theory - A theo- retical basis for GIS (pp. 311-326). Berlin: Springer. Cohn, A. G. (1997). Qualitative spatial representation and reasoning techniques. In G. Brewka, C. Habel, and B. Nebel (Eds.), KI-97: Advances in Artificial Intelligence (pp. 1-30). Berlin: Springer. Collins, A. M., and Loftus, E. F. (1975). A spreading-activation theory of semantic pro- cessing. Psychological Review, 82, 407-428. Collins, A. M., and Quillian, M. R. (1969). Retrieval time from semantic memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 8, 240-247. Cooper, L. A., and Shepard, R. N. (1973). Chronometric studies of the rotation of mental images. In W. G. Chase (Ed.), Visual information processing (pp. 76-176). New York: Academic Press. Bibliography 159 Couclelis, H. (1992). People manipulate objects (but cultivate fields): Beyond the raster- vector debate in GIS. In A. U. Frank, I. Campari, and U. Formentini (Eds.), Theories and methods of spatio-temporal reasoning in geographic space (pp. 65-77). Berlin: Springer. Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24 (1), 87-114. Craik, F. I. M., and Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 671-684. Downs, R. M., and Stea, D. (Eds.) (1973). Image and environment: Cognitive mapping and spatial behavior. Chicago, IL: Aldine. Downs, R. M., and Stea, D. (1977). Maps in minds: reflections on cognitive mapping. New York: Harper and Row. Eco, U. (1976). A theory of semiotics. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. Edgar, G. A. (1990). Measure, topology, and fractal geometry. New York: Springer. Egenhofer, M. (1991). Reasoning about binary topological relations. In O. Gunther and H.- J. Schek (Eds.), Second Symposium on Large Spatial Databases, Zurich, Switzerland (pp. 143-160). Berlin: Springer. Egenhofer, M. J. (1996). Spatial-query-by-sketch. 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Lan- guages (pp. 60-67). IEEE Computer Society Press. Egenhofer, M., and Franzosa, R. (1991). Point-set topological spatial relations. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 5 (2), 161-174. Egenhofer, M. J., and Mark, D. M. (1995a). Modeling conceptual neighborhoods of topo- logical line-region relations. International Journal of Geographical Information Sys- tems, 9 (5), 555-565. Egenhofer, M. J., and Mark, D. M. (1995b). Naive geography. In A. U. Frank and W. Kuhn (Eds.), Spatial information theory. A theoretical basis for GIS (pp. 1-15). Berlin: Sprin- ger. Farah, M. J. (1988). Is visual imagery really visual? Overlooked evidence from neuropsychology. Psychological Review, 95, 307-317. Finke, R. A. (1989). Principles of mental imagery. Cambridge, MA: MIT-Press. Finke, R. A. (1990). Creative imagery: Discoveries and inventions in visualization. Hills- dale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Finke, R. A. (1992). Creative inference in imagery and invention. AAAI Spring Sympo- sium on Reasoning with Diagrammatic Representations, Stanford University, California. Frank, A. U. (1991). Qualitative spatial reasoning with cardinal directions. Proceedings of the Seventh Austrian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vienna (pp. 157-167). Berlin: Springer. Frank, A. U. (1992). Qualitative spatial reasoning about distances and directions in geographic space. Journal of Visual Languages and Computing, 3, 343-371. Frank, A. U. (1996). Qualitative spatial reasoning: Cardinal directions as an example. IJGIS, 10 (3), 269-290. Frank, A. U., and Raubal, M. (1999). Formal specification of image schemata - a step towards interoperability in geographic information systems. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 1, 67-101. Freksa, C. (1988). Intrinsische vs. extrinsische Repräsentation zum Aufgabenlösen oder die Verwandlung von Wasser in Wein. In G. Heyer, J. Krems and G. Görz (Eds.), Wissens- arten und ihre Darstellung (pp. 155-165). Berlin: Springer. Freksa, C. (1991). Qualitative spatial reasoning. In D. M. Mark and A. U. Frank (Eds.), Cognitive and linguistic aspects of geographic space (pp. 361-372). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 160 Bibliography Freksa, C. (1992a). Temporal reasoning based on semi-intervals. Artificial Intelligence, 54 (1-2), 199-227. Freksa, C. (1992b). Using orientation information for qualitative spatial reasoning. In A. U. Frank, I. Campari, and U. Formentini (Eds.), Theories
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