Interaction Between Health Institutions in Knowledge and Medical Practices in South Kordofan / Nuba Mountains
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Interaction between Health Institutions in Knowledge and Medical Practices in South Kordofan / Nuba Mountains A thesis submitted to the University of Khartoum for the degree of Master of Science in Sociology and Social Anthropology. by MARIAM SHARIF Supervisor Dr. Ibtisam Satti Ibrahim Faculty of Economic and Social Studies Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................................IV LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................IV ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................................... V VIII................................................................................................................................................ ثحبلا صخلُم ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................IX INTERACTION BETWEEN HEALTH INSTITUTIONS IN KNOWLEDGE AND MEDICAL PRACTICES IN SOUTH KORDOFAN / NUBA MOUNTAINS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1 Copyright © Chr. Michelsen Institute 2018. 1.1 Statement of the problem ...................................................................................................................2 P.O. Box 6033 1.2 Study Area ................................................................................................................................................4 N-5892 Bergen 1.3 Justification ..............................................................................................................................................7 Norway 1.4 Objectives of the Study .......................................................................................................................7 [email protected] 1.6 Methodology ...........................................................................................................................................8 1.6.1 Primary data ......................................................................................................................................10 1.6.2 Secondary data ................................................................................................................................10 1.7 Conceptual Framework ....................................................................................................................11 1.7.1 Definition of Health Institutions ................................................................................................12 1.7.2 Social Situation and Health Institutions .................................................................................14 1.7.3 Interaction of Health Practitioners ..........................................................................................15 1.7.4 Health Institutions in Emergencies ..........................................................................................16 1.8 Literature Review ...............................................................................................................................18 Printed at Bodoni AS, Skjenet 10, 5354 Straume, Norway 1.8.1 Anthropological Studies ...............................................................................................................19 Cover photo: 1.8.2 Historical Studies ............................................................................................................................20 Layout and design: Kristin Skeie Antoine, KSA_design 1.8.3 Geographical Studies ....................................................................................................................24 ISBN 978-82-8062-727-8 1.8.4 Conflict studies ................................................................................................................................27 i TABLE OF CONTENTS INTERACTION BETWEEN HEALTH INSTITUTIONS CHAPTER 2: MEDICAL SUPPLY IN WAR, POST-WAR AND PEACETIME. 3.3.1 Emergency Room ......................................................................................................................... 107 INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MEDICAL KITS .............................................................................29 3.3.2 Clinic .................................................................................................................................................. 112 2.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................29 3.3.3 Laboratory ...................................................................................................................................... 115 2.2 Contents of Medical Kits .................................................................................................................31 3.3.4 Reproductive Health Unit......................................................................................................... 118 2.3 Medical Kits in Wartime ..................................................................................................................34 2.3.1 Health Administration from 1985 to 1990 ...........................................................................34 CHAPTER 4: MEDICAL DRUG SUPPLY, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND MARKETS .........125 2.3.2 Health Administration from 1990 to 1993 ...........................................................................36 4.2 Medical Drug Supply and Public Administration ................................................................ 126 2.3.3 Health Administration from 1993 to 1997 ...........................................................................39 4.2.1 Formal Structure of the Public Pharmaceutical Administration ............................... 126 2.3.4 Health Administration from 1998 to 2002 ...........................................................................42 4.2.2 Human resources ......................................................................................................................... 129 2.3.5 Sources of Medical Supply from 1985 to 1990 ...................................................................46 4.2.3 Production of Health Information ......................................................................................... 132 2.3.6 Sources of Medical Supply from 1990 to 1993 ...................................................................48 4.2.4 Resources of Medical Supply .................................................................................................. 140 2.3.7 Sources of Medical Supply from 1993 to 1997 ...................................................................49 4.3 Market dynamics in Heiban locality ......................................................................................... 143 2.3.8 Sources of Medical Supply from 1998 to 2002 ................................................................... 51 4.3.1 Case 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 145 2.3.9 Reporting and Information System from 1985 to 1990 ..................................................52 4.3.2 Case 2 ................................................................................................................................................149 2.3.10 Reporting and Information System from 1990 to 1993 ................................................53 4.3.3 Case 3 ............................................................................................................................................... 152 2.3.11 Reporting and Information System from 1993 to 1997 ................................................53 4.3.4 Case 4 ............................................................................................................................................... 155 2.3.12 Reporting and Information System from 1998 to 2002 ...............................................54 2.4 Medical Kits in a Post-war Situation (2002-2005) ................................................................55 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 163 2.4.1 Sources of Medical Supply from 2002 to 2005...................................................................55 5.2 Defining Health Institutions ........................................................................................................ 164 2.4.2 Health Administration from 2002 to 2005 ..........................................................................59 5.3 Interaction between Health Institutions ................................................................................ 170 2.5 Medical Kits in Peacetime (2005-2011) ....................................................................................63 5.4 Dynamics of Contest over Resources ...................................................................................... 175 2.5.1 Heiban Health Centre ...................................................................................................................63 2.5.2 Sources of Medical Supply at Heiban Health Centre after 2005