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Catálogo Faunístico De La Familia Dytiscidae (Coleoptera: Adephaga) En Cuba

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Catálogo Faunístico De La Familia Dytiscidae (Coleoptera: Adephaga) En Cuba Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (S.E.A.), nº 59 (31/12/2016): 159–180. ISSN: 1134-9064 CATÁLOGO FAUNÍSTICO DE LA FAMILIA DYTISCIDAE (COLEOPTERA: ADEPHAGA) EN CUBA Yoandri S. Megna1,2 & David Sánchez-Fernández3 1 Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstraße 21, D-81247 München, Deutschland. 2 Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Oriente. Patricio Lumumba s/n, Santiago, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. 3 Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM). Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Campus Tecnológico de la Fábrica de Armas, Toledo 45071, España. Autor para correspondencia: Yoandri S. Megna ([email protected]) Resumen: Se realiza una recopilación actualizada de toda la información taxonómica y corológica disponible sobre las especies cubanas de la familia Dytiscidae. Para ello, se creó la base de datos DICU (DItíscidos de CUba), que incluye datos procedentes de una exhaustiva recopilación bibliográfica, de revisión de colecciones entomológicas y de muestreos propios realizados entre los años 2000 y 2014. La base de datos cuenta con un total de 276 registros de 53 especies, lo que supone el 96,4% del total que se estima para Cuba, y la mayor diversidad de las Antillas. En cada especie se aporta información sobre su distribución (general y en Cuba), hábitat y biología, así como un mapa actualizado mostrando su distribución conocida en Cuba. Estos resultados posibilita- rán la realización de futuros estudios sobre conservación de los ditíscidos de Cuba. Palabras clave: Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, composición taxonómica, distribución, Cuba. A checklist of the Dytiscidae (Coleoptera: Adephaga) of Cuba Abstract: An updated list is here presented of all the available taxonomic and faunistic information on the Cuban species of the family Dytiscidae. To this end, the database DICU (DItíscidos of Cuba) database was created: it includes data from a comprehen- sive bibliographic compilation, a review of several entomological collections and our own sampling, conducted between 2000 and 2014. The database contains a total of 276 records of 53 species, representing 96.4% of the total estimated for Cuba, and the greatest diversity in the Antilles. For each species, information on its (general and Cuban) distribution, habitat and biology is provi- ded, along with an updated map showing its known distribution in Cuba. Our results will allow future studies on conservation of these species in Cuba. Key words: Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, taxonomic checklist, distribution, Cuba. Introducción El orden Coleoptera está dividido en cuatro subórdenes (Ar- Balke, 2008). Dentro de la región Neotropical, Cuba es una chostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga y Polyphaga) con alrede- de las zonas más interesantes, ya que como parte de la zona dor de 400 000 especies (Beutel & Leschen, 2005). Los co- caribeña, se encuentra dentro de uno de los puntos calientes leópteros destacan por presentar una apreciable diversidad de de biodiversidad a nivel global (Myers et al., 2000) y tiene formas, tamaños y estrategias ecológicas, no superadas por altos niveles de endemicidad dentro de su flora y fauna (Hed- ningún otro orden de insectos. Aunque la mayoría son terres- ges, 2001). tres, el número de especies acuáticas conocidas se aproxima a Sin embargo, en estas zonas, el desconocimiento de as- las 12 600 y se estiman alrededor de 18 000 (Jäch & Balke, pectos básicos sobre la taxonomía, ecología, etología y coro- 2008). logía en insectos en general y en coleópteros acuáticos en El suborden Adephaga está compuesto por ocho fami- particular es notable (Vales et al., 1998). Así, los estudios de lias acuáticas (Dytiscidae, ca. 4 000 spp.; Gyrinidae ca. 1 100 recopilación de la información taxonómica, que permitan spp.; Noteridae ca. 250 spp.; Haliplidae ca. 204 spp.; Amphi- obtener inventarios fiables son tareas necesarias y urgentes, zoidae 5 spp.; Paelobiidae 6 spp.; Aspidytidae 2 spp. y Me- especialmente en zonas tan interesantes y poco conocidas ruidae 1 sp. (Nilsson & VanVondel, 2005; Spangler & Stei- como Cuba. Hasta la fecha, sólo se han realizado estudios ner, 2005; Nilsson, 2013). En concreto, la familia Dytiscidae taxonómicos puntuales sobre determinados géneros y espe- es la más diversa de todas las familias de coleópteros acuáti- cies de ditíscidos (e.g. Alarie & Megna, 2006; Deler- cos y se encuentran en casi todos los cuerpos de agua perma- Hernández & Megna, 2007; Alarie et al., 2009; Megna et nentes del mundo (Ribera et al., 2002), a diferencia de otras al., 2011; Toledo et al., 2011; Megna & Epler, 2012; Megna familias cuya distribución está restringida a una región bio- & Sánchez-Fernández, 2014; Megna & Sondermann, 2015; geográfica (e.g. paleártico, neártico, neotropical, etc.) o a un para más detalles ver el siguiente apartado), pero no se ha continente. abordado un estudio sobre su taxonomía y distribución de La región neotropical es una de las más ricas en espe- forma exhaustiva. cies de coleópteros acuáticos en general (ca. 2500 spp) y de Este desconocimiento dificulta una adecuada legisla- ditíscidos en particular (ca. 750 spp), solo por detrás de la ción, gestión y conservación de la biodiversidad, ya que la región Paleártica y de la Afrotropical, y a su vez, es una de las mayor parte de las estrategias de conservación de la diversi- regiones que presenta mayor escasez de inventarios (Jäch & dad biológica están encaminadas hacia la conservación de 159 especies. Por lo tanto, el primer paso es recopilar toda la in- Spangler y F. Young. Así, Spangler (1973) describió a Des- formación faunística que ha sido generada durante años (Pe- mopachria tarda y Young (1974, 1977, 1979) citó cinco terson et al., 2000; Millán et al., 2014). El presente trabajo especies [Anodocheilus exiguus (Aubé), Neobidessus pullus tiene como objetivo fundamental realizar una recopilación floridanus (Fall), Celina angustata Aubé, Celina slossoni actualizada sobre toda la información taxonómica y corológi- Mutchler y Brachyvatus apicatus (Clark)] y describió otras ca disponible para los ditíscidos de Cuba. dos nuevas (Celina imitatrix y C. palustris). En 1981 se pu- blica el tercer informe sobre los resultados de la Expedición Antecedentes y estado del conocimiento de la familia Cubano-Rumana, convirtiéndose en la obra más completa Dytiscidae en Cuba sobre la familia Dytiscidae en Cuba en el siglo XX. En ella, La primera obra en la que se trataron datos sobre los coleópte- Spangler (1981) cita 37 especies y comenta la ecología de ros cubanos es la “Historia Física, Política y Natural de la aquellas que pudieron ser recolectadas durante la expedición. Isla de Cuba” editado por Ramón de la Sagra. Jacquelin du Entre 1980 y 1990 F. Young realizó la revisión del gé- Val (1856-1857) escribe la parte de este libro que trata sobre nero Desmopachria Babington en el Neotrópico, cuyos resul- el orden Coleoptera y registra cuatro especies pertenecientes a tados fueron publicados en varios trabajos (Young, 1981, la familia Dytiscidae. Chevrolat (1863) elevó a 13 el número 1989) y describe tres especies (D. aspera, D. darlingtoni y D. de especies para esta familia, seis de ellas [Copelatus caelati- glabella) para Cuba. Roughley & Pengelly (1981) realizaron pennis angustatus Chevrolat, Copelatus insolitus Chevrolat, la revisión del género Hydaticus Leach en el Nuevo Mundo, Laccophilus bifasciatus Chevrolat, Laccophilus venustus registrando a H. bimarginatus (Say) para las Antillas. P. J. Chevrolat, Bidessonotus caraibus (Chevrolat) y Pachydrus Spangler e I. Fernández realizaron algunas recolectas de ditís- obniger (Chevrolat)] fueron descritas en esta obra, mientras cidos en la región occidental del país entre 1981 y 1983 que que otra, Suphisellus tenuicornis (Chevrolat), actualmente permitieron registrar dos especies nuevas para Cuba, Hydro- forma parte de la familia Noteridae. Eunectes occidentalis vatus hornii Croth por Spangler & Vega (1982) y Derovate- Erichson también aparece en la obra de Chevrolat (1863), sin llus floridanus Fall por Miller (2005). embargo es un sinónimo de Eretes sticticus (Linnaeus) (Mi- Peck (2005) registró 48 especies de Dytiscidae para Cu- ller, 2002). Chevrolat (1863), consideró el registro de esta ba con comentarios sobre su distribución. Este autor a partir especie como dudoso para la localidad de San Bartolomé en de las colecciones de coleópteros cubanos revisadas incluye a Cuba. Según Miller (2002), este registro de San Bartolomé Laccophilus vacaensis vacaensis Young y sugiere que, aten- pertenece a las Antillas francesas, particularmente a una de las diendo a su rango de distribución, Desmopachria striola cinco islas que conforman la Guadalupe (Miller, 2002). En Sharp podría estar presente en Cuba. En los inicios del siglo cualquier caso, considerando que Eretes sticticus es la única XXI se han realizado varias listas de los coleópteros que especie de la familia Dytiscidae que se puede encontrar fuera incluyen a la familia Dytiscidae e información sobre la distri- del Nuevo Mundo, al estar distribuida también en África y bución de varias especies en diversas regiones de Cuba (Fer- Europa (Miller, 2002), hace posible que Cuba también se nández, 2000, 2001; Lozada et al., 2004; Naranjo et al., 2005; encuentre dentro de su rango de distribución. López et al., 2006; Fernández et al., 2009). Años más tarde, Gundlach (1891) registró tres especies Además de los trabajos antes mencionados, Alarie y nuevas para Cuba (Hydrovatus caraibus Sharp, Megadytes Megna (2006) sugieren la sinonimia de Pachydrus obniger fraternus Sharp, Thermonectus margineguttatus (Aubé) y T. con
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