City of Chicago

ghn city of chicago

Rahm Emanuel, Mayor

3 Mayor's Letter a big thanks to all who helped

Ade Akili Corey Howard Georgina Salgado Laura Brown Ray Thompson Alderman Joann Thompson Cornelius Brown Geraldine Robinson-Bailey Laura Montoya Raymonde Vance Alderman Latasha Thomas Corrinn Cobb Gerwanda Shields Lauralyn Clawson Representative Ken Dunkin Alderman Leslie Hairston Cory Cain Ghian Foreman Lauren Campbell Rev. Joel Washingotn Alderman Pat Dowell Curt Winkle Glenda Daniel Lauren Duffy Rhoda Freelon Alderman Roderick Sawyer Cynthia Lett Hal Baskin Lauren Lowery Richard Dobbins Alderman Toni Foulkers D. Waters Helen Badesch LaVeta Walker Robert Albeldano Alderman Willie Cochran D.R. Norwood Horace Howard Leon Jackson Robert Hart Alexandria Brock Dajwan Thornton Ian Brock Leroy Bowers Robert Parham Alicia Swanstrom Danita Childers Ibrahim Dil Linda Love Roberta McIntyre Amanda Deisch Dara Epison Ilsa Flanagan Linda Sanders Rodney Falls Amy Shah Darryl Holder Jack Taylor Lisa Domoracki Ron Carter Andre Brumfield Dave Walker Jack Vonhen Lisa Glass Rosalind Moore Angela Paranjape David Welch Jackie Samuel Lonnetta Jones Rosemary Spaulding Anita Harmon Deborah Burns Jacques Conway Loretta Johnson Roslyn Terrell Anthony Grande Deborah Minor Harvey Jake Emery Mable Yancy Ruby Harris Aretha Hughes Deborah Payne Jamal Gibson Maggie Cobb Sandra Womack Armando Medina, Jr. Deborah Thompson James Kenady Mamie Hunter Sarah Finkel Arvelia Clark Debra Thompson Jandre Franklin Mandel Smith Selma Walker Arvin Strange Deidre McGraw Jane Ciacci Marcy Schlessinger Sen. Mattie Hunter Audrey Henderson Della Mitchell Janiance Brown Marlene Dosson Sharon Louis Audrey Wright Demond Drummer Janisse Norman Marsha Moses Shiesha Smith Aysha Butler Denna Smith Jason Duba Marshall Brown Shirley Hollingsworth Bea Jasper Dennis Way Jayne Jackson Martin Pieters Sonya Eldridge Bernal Handy Derrick Harden Jean Carter-Hill Marva Hall Sonya Harper Bernita Johnson-Gabriel Diane Hoffer-Schurecht Jeanette Foreman Matho Bugler Stanton Jones Beth White Dianne Sauls Jean-Paul Thomas Matsuo Marti Stefano Mazzaccaro Betty Owens Don Montgomery Jeff Wickencamp Matthew Walaszek Stuart Coleman Beverly Sylvester Donna Smith Jeffery Hatter Maya Hodari Susan Campbell Billy McGhee Doris Jones Jeffery Moore Meg Mass Tasha Johnson Brad Hirn Dr. James Miller Jenice Sanders Melba Miles Teddy Kent Brandon Johnson Dr. Nancy Jackson Jesse Knox III Michael Barnes Teresa Gonzales Brandon Jones Ed Lucas Jessica Page Michael Harris Theaster Gates Brian Blackmore Edward Chaney Jim Harbin Michael Hoadley Tiffany McDowell Brianna Cox Eleanor Porter JoAnn Newsome Michelle Evans-Brock Torianto Riley Burton Barrison Elijah Jones Joanna Trotter Molly Ekerdt Torrey Barret Byron Feelon Elizabeth Gardner John Gholar Murray Johnson Tracy Hoofe Carlos Nelson Emma Waters John McCarron Naomi Davis Tyshaun George Carmen Aiken Emy Brawley John Paul Jones Naomi Fatcke Ulysess Blakele Cassandra Cutledge Erana Jackson John Zeigler Nataka Moore Unity Jones Cassandra Perry Eric McLoyd Joseph Kelly Natalie Vesga Ursula Gordon Cathy Whitaker Erica Avery Joshua Hahn Nate Ela Ute Brantzel Charles Holland Erick Walker Joyce Jackson Nicole Edmonds Valerie Paurus Charlottee Bright Estella Holloway Juandalyn Holland Orrin Williams Vaneeta Chintamaneni Chastity Jackson Fenell Doremus Julia Cente Pastor Barbara Wilson Wendy Walker Williams Cherice Price Fernando alonso Julie Samuels Pat Jackson Wil Boone Cheryl Clark Florence Streeter Kamm Howard Pat Wilcoxen Wilberta Perry Cheryl Gist-Williams Frances Whitehead Karen Lehman Patricia Tatum-Smith Willard Payton Chris Poulos Francine Gray Karen Phillips Patrick Woodfor William Cooper Christopher Holliday Frank Parham Kevin Nester Phaedra Leslie William Walker Clara Kirk Fred Daniels La’Keisha Gray-Sewell Phil Sipka Xavier Smith Cleo Moore Gary Foyle LaParris Whitaker Rachel Phillips Cora Butler George Davis Jr. Larry Kennon Rashanah Balder contents

Introduction...... 7

Community History...... 10

Housing...... 17

Retail...... 23

Productive Landscapes...... 29

Manufacturing...... 37

Open Space...... 43

Green Infrastructure...... 51

Historic Preservation...... 57

Mayor's Letter 5

introduction

Green Healthy Neighborhoods (GHN) As a neighborhood stabilization less than 40 percent of its all-time is a 10- to 20-year planning strategy plan, GHN seeks to mitigate factors high in 1940. Simultaneous to the to maximize the use of vacant land that have fostered the decline of a population loss, many of the region’s and other neighborhood resources 13-square-mile area that, for much of dense residential buildings and vibrant within Chicago’s Englewood, West the city’s early history, was represented commercial structures were vacated Englewood, Washington Park and by economic growth and prosperity and replaced with 11,000 vacant lots, Woodlawn community areas as well as but, in more recent decades, has been equivalent to more than 800 acres of parts of the New City, Fuller Park and characterized by disinvestment and vacant land. Greater Grand Crossing community population loss. In 2010, the area’s areas. population of 148,000 people was city & privately owned vacant parcels

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data source : city of chicago

Introduction 7 The GHN strategy was initiated in March 2011 by the Chicago Department of Planning and Development (DPD) and the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) with assistance from Teamwork Englewood, the Washington Park Consortium, the South East Chicago Commission, and the Local Initiatives Support individual neighborhoods and how Above: Corporation (LISC). Named to Community members look over area best to foster their stabilization. reflect its focus on productive uses maps at a GHN planning meeting. involving land and other local assets, In March 2013, a community open the GHN process started with an house presented the community- existing conditions survey by CMAP based recommendations involving that framed the analysis of a variety housing, retail, manufacturing, green of issues and strategies through infrastructure, urban agriculture, an ensuing 18-month community cultural resources, and parks and trails. engagement process. During the engagement process, the project Chief among the initiatives are efforts team collected and mapped data- to support urban agriculture, active driven information, reviewed relevant and passive recreation, new industrial plans and reports, and engaged activity, housing preservation, and a local organizations, residents, and variety of cultural resources within the community leaders in tours and GHN planning area. conversations about the future of their

Above & Right: Engaged and active community members participate in brainstorming and planning for the GHN area.

8 Introduction LEGEND LEGEND

COMMERCIAL RETAIL NODES

COMMERCIALMIXED COMMERCIAL RETAIL /NODES RESIDENTIAL

MIXED COMMERCIAL / PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPES MIXED COMMERCIAL / RESIDENTIAL chicago green healthy neighborhoods MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS

OPEN SPACE land use vision diagram MIXED COMMERCIAL / URBAN AGRICULTURE

NEW OPEN SPACE

MANUFACTURINGINSTITUTIONAL ANDAND EDUCATIONAL INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS LEGEND RESIDENTIAL AREAS OPEN SPACE CTA REDLINE COMMERCIAL RETAIL NODES

CTA GREENLINE SCHOOLS RAIL MIXED COMMERCIAL / RESIDENTIAL

ENGLEWOOD LOOP

RESIDENTIALGREEN INFRASTRUCTURE AREAS ROUTE MIXED COMMERCIAL / PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPES

MAJOR STREETS

CTA REDLINECHICAGO GREEN HEALTHY MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS NEIGHBORHOODS BOUNDARY

CTA GREENLINE OPEN SPACE

RAIL NEW OPEN SPACE

ELEVATED & OFF-STREET NATURE TRAILS INSTITUTIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL STORMWATER LANDSCAPES

RESIDENTIAL AREAS MAJOR STREETS CHICAGO GREEN HEALTHY NEIGHBORHOODS LAND USE VISION DIAGRAM CTA REDLINE NATURE TRAIL HEADS CTA GREENLINE CHICAGO GREEN HEALTHY RAIL NEIGHBORHOODS BOUNDARY ENGLEWOOD LOOP

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE ROUTE

MAJOR STREETS

CHICAGO GREEN HEALTHY NEIGHBORHOODS BOUNDARY

CHICAGO GREEN HEALTHY NEIGHBORHOODS LAND USE VISION DIAGRAM

CHICAGO GREEN HEALTHY NEIGHBORHOODS LAND USE VISION DIAGRAM Introduction 9 community history

At the time of European settlement in the 1840s, the GHN planning area was characterized by low-lying swamps and oak forests, throughout which early settlers cultivated small-scale farms and gardens that produced a wide variety of fruits, vegetables and flowers for sale in downtown 1 2 markets. More intense settlement coincided with railroad development new residents to build wood-frame (1919), and a pair of firehouses (1920s) in the 1850s. Place names such as houses on large lots into the 1880s, continue to stand as designated Junction Grove (now Englewood) and some of which still exist. The World’s Chicago landmarks. More than a Greater Grand Crossing are a legacy Columbian Exposition of 1893 further dozen other historic structures in the of the concentration of railroads in fueled residential development, planning area share the designation. the area, along with the former Union especially multi-unit apartment Stockyards located immediately north buildings, examples of which also In the late 19th and early 20th of the planning area. remain in the community. centuries, GHN neighborhoods, like many other Chicago neighborhoods, Residential development accelerated In 1889, Chicago annexed 125 developed self-contained commercial after the Great Fire of 1871 as both square miles of outlying settlement districts, where daily necessities could middle and working class people areas, including all of the GHN be accessed by local residents as a arrived in the area, then a suburb, area. Subsequent infrastructure convenient alternative to Chicago’s from Chicago’s central area. A lack of improvements including the historic Loop. The intersection of 63rd and congestion, combined with good rail Garfield “L” transit station and Halsted streets in Englewood grew to service to the city center, encouraged overpass (1892), Lindblom High School become the largest commercial district

10 Introduction 1: Female students raking a garden at the Normal School (1917).

DN-0067959, Chicago Daily News Negatives Collection, Chicago History Museum.

2: Sixty-Third and Halsted Streets (1928). community DN-0084923, Chicago Daily News Negatives Collection, Chicago History Museum. history 3: Mayor Washington at the Englewood Auburn Summer Fun Festival (1986).

3 4

in the city outside of the Loop by the conditions in the South for Chicago’s Shopping Center, which involved a 1920s. Though many retailers folded promising job market. By the 1960s, federally-funded “suburbanization” of with the Great Depression, stalwarts the entire South Side had largely the historic retail district at 63rd and like Sears and Wieboldt’s continued to evolved into a predominantly working- Halsted, including covered walkways sustain the district for many years. class African-American community, and perimeter parking lots. The reflecting urban demographic trends in early 1960s construction of the Dan The European-oriented demographics other northern cities. Ryan Expressway further displaced of the area started to change in the residents, and ongoing economic 1920s, when African-Americans from By the late 1960s, many employers decline and disinvestment through the the southern United States began started leaving Chicago for the turn of the century set the stage for to expand from the Bronzeville suburbs and other locations outside the current economic, social, and land neighborhood on the mid-South Side. the region. Business in the South use conditions that the GHN plan is The “Great Migration” accelerated Side’s commercial and industrial designed to address. during World War II and the 1950s corridors ebbed, despite government as African Americans continued efforts to maintain their vitality, such to abandon economic and social as with the Englewood Concourse

Introduction 11 the population, housing and jobs link

figure 1 - population maintained to distressed, vacant, and abandoned. f Englewood 100,000 f West Englewood Despite a brief rebound in 2008, f Woodlawn 80,000 the ongoing population decrease f Washington Park has resulted in the widespread loss 60,000 of habitable housing units. Greater Englewood, Washington Park and

Peo pl e 40,000 Woodlawn lost nearly half of their

20,000 housing units between 1960 and 2010, decreasing from 90,875 units 0 to 45,509 units.2 The trend was exacerbated by the nationwide 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 housing crisis, resulting in high Year foreclosure rates throughout the

The primary neighborhoods that make suburbs and to southern U.S. cities like planning area (Figure 2). up the GHN area have collectively lost Atlanta and Houston. While the City of Chicago and the more than 63% of their populations seven-county area are projected by between 1960 and 2010, falling from The GHN land area is today 60% CMAP to grow by approximately 15% 281,080 persons to 103,859 (Figure 1).1 residential, which is evenly split in population and 28% in households A significant component of the decline between single-family and multi-family by 2040, the GHN area is anticipated was the shift of African-American buildings. Residential structures vary to respectively increase by a modest residents moving to Chicago’s south from stable, occupied, and well- Ffigure 2 ghn area total

foreclosures & vacant 1,516 FORECLOSURE FILINGS parcels 993 COMPLETED FORECLOSURES

6,828 CITY OWNED VACANT PARCELS

6,624 PRIVATELY OWNED VACANT PARCELS

by neighborhood

375 10 15 34 251 2 11 18 2,302 212 56 158 2,246 118 31 147 ENGLEWOOD FULLER PARK GRAND BOULEVARD GREATER

GRAND CROSSING 252 92 497 241 180 62 333 136 1,281 656 1,354 809 1,119 409 2,004 550 NEW CITY WASHINGTON PARK WEST ENGLEWOOD WOODLAWN

* SOURCE: CITY OF CHICAGO, 2010 AND COOK COUNTY ASSESSOR, 2009

1 Local Community Fact Book for Chicago Metropolitan Area 1990, U.S. Census 2000 and 2010.

2 Local Community Fact Book for Chicago Metropolitan Area 1990; US Census 2000 and 2010.

12 Introduction 2010 2040 Projection % Change figure 3 Population 147,967 154,174 +4.2% population & household projections for the ghn area Households 48,120 53,594 +11.4% Persons per household 3.07 2.88 -6.4%

Source: 2010 American Community Survey, CMAP projections.

2010-2040 % Change figure 4 population & household Population Households Persons per household projection comparison GHN Area 4.2% 11.4% -6.4%

City of Chicago 14.7% 15.1% -0.3% Chicago Region 28.7% 28.2% 0.4%

Source: CMAP projections.

4% and 12% over the same period. The need for new residential that outline community-based values, The slightly smaller sizes of future construction will depend on the quality ideas, and concepts for comprehensive households reflect an expectation that of current units, some of which would neighborhood improvement. The LISC there will be smaller families, more need rehabilitation to be habitable. plans were the starting point for the single-person households, and more land use strategies presented in GHN, seniors inhabiting the GHN area in the While Cook County’s and Chicago’s including the provision that vacant future (Figures 3 & 4). unemployment rates have been land will be owned and managed slightly higher than statewide and by a combination of local residents, In 2010, approximately 26% of the national norms in recent years, GHN businesses and government agencies roughly 65,000 housing units in the unemployment rates are twice as high to create a safe, productive, active, and entire GHN area were vacant. CMAP as the county’s rate, and three times ecologically functioning neighborhood projects that the current housing stock the rate of the nation overall. environment. of the GHN area of approximately

64,800 units, including vacant units, Fortunately, residents, business GHN outlines how that vision could absorb the 2040 housing owners, and other stakeholders can be implemented through demand of approximately 53,600 units already possess momentum for strategies involving housing, retail, without the construction of new units moving towards a better future, productive landscapes, open space, (Figure 5). including the completion of three manufacturing, green infrastructure LISC/Chicago’s quality-of-life plans and historic preservation.

figure 5 +70,000 vacant & unoccupied units for +60,000 the ghn area +50,000 16,671

+40,000 48,120 53,594

+30,000

+20,000

+10,000 Occupied

0 Vacant 2010 2040

Introduction 13 ghn city of chicago housing housing Below: Conceptual rendering illustrates consolidation and maintenance of large lot area opportunity sites. View is northeast toward the Stewart Avenue and Marquette Road intersection. housing

There is more than a sufficient households without children, many majority of housing activity in the area. amount of existing, unoccupied of these buildings can be maintained housing units within the GHN area for future needs. The City of Chicago From an efficiency and sustainability today to satisfy residential demand and community-based organizations perspective, as well as from a beyond the year 2040. While much have created a number of programs historic preservation perspective, of the housing stock is more than 75 to stabilize the residential market by it is imperative to use existing years old and dates to an era when salvaging existing homes, attracting buildings where ever possible to households were characterized by occupants, and helping developers serve future housing needs. DPD married couples with multiple children, to invest in the area’s residential real already offers many citywide and versus more contemporary single- estate. These publicly-coordinated geographically targeted programs to parent and single- and two-person investments represent the vast provide residential property owners

camiros

Housing 17 housing goal and strategies

GOAL: Preserve and rehabilitate residential buildings on larger-than-average lot sizes.

1 2 3

Reuse existing housing Develop a residential Large Lot Concentrate new housing structures whenever possible Program to foster the private along key corridors, at transit ownership of existing City- nodes, and adjacent to existing owned land institutions.

with financial assistance to keep, substantial discounts. A variation of criteria for selecting geographic rehabilitate, or expand structures, as this program should be developed for areas in which to offer the program well as programs to assist individuals specific areas within the GHN area. could include the amount of vacant seeking to buy or rent homes. The Under a new “Large Lot Program,” parcels, distance from CTA stations, 20% Federal Historic Tax Credit is also the City would transfer City-owned and the lack of potential for using the available in conjunction with local vacant lots to residents for $1. The landscape for other viable purposes. A programs for rehabilitating historic properties for rental purposes. Local figure 6 - housing investment organizations active in the ghn area and national groups dedicated to providing affordable housing have also Community Investment Corporation made housing investments in the GHN Not-for-profit lender provides financing to buy and rehab multifamily apartment buildings with five units or more throughout the Chicago area. CIC has provided area. (Figure 6) financing for several properties in the GHN area.

The relatively large number of vacant Preservation of Affordable Housing (POAH) lots in many parts of the GHN area Developer is preserving 500+ federal affordable housing subsidies connected to Grove Parc, a Woodlawn development built in the 1960s to serve low-income residents. The presents a significant challenge new, mixed-use Grove Parc Plaza will include a mix of residential units, commercial, and recreational uses. in the overall appearance of the St. Bernard Hospital neighborhood. Approximately 50

percent of the lots are City-owned. St. Bernard Hospital developed Bernard Place, a 70-unit affordable housing development of single-family homes, the first for-sale housing built in Englewood in 30 years, The City’s Adjacent Neighbors Land as part of its effort to support the surrounding community. Acquisition Program (ANLAP) enables St. Edmund’s Redevelopment Corporation (SERC) owners of existing residential buildings to acquire City-owned parcels that SERC seeks to revitalize Washington Park’s deteriorating housing supply through ownership and management of residential properties. are adjacent to their homes for

18 Housing Left: Large lot area opportunity sites, before. View is northeast toward Stewart Avenue and Marquette Road.

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Left: Large lot area opportunity sites, after. View is northeast toward Stewart Avenue and Marquette Road.

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Large Lot Program would enable be targeted for residential units, residents to have greater control particularly near CTA rail stations and over land in the neighborhood and retail nodes. Ultimately, this will create provide opportunities to increase the a pattern of relatively high residential value of their own properties through density and retail uses close to transit expanded lot sizes. At the March assets and employment centers. 2013 public open house for the GHN strategies, several community and neighborhood organizations expressed interest in working to define program areas and engage residents interested in participating in the program.

Any new construction which includes residential units in the GHN area should be strategically targeted to specific areas. Where institutional developers such as universities and hospitals are building housing for their employees, these units should be close to their places of work and near shopping opportunities to promote walkability. In addition, at retail nodes, the upper stories of buildings should

Housing 19