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Discovery of the Rare Ant Genus Leptanilla (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Macau with Description of Leptanilla Macauensis Sp

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Discovery of the Rare Ant Genus Leptanilla (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Macau with Description of Leptanilla Macauensis Sp ASIAN MYRMECOLOGY Volume 10, e010001, 2018 ISSN 1985-1944 | eISSN: 2462-2362 © Chi-Man Leong, Seiki Yamane DOI: 10.20362/am.010001 and Benoit Guénard Lost in the city: discovery of the rare ant genus Leptanilla (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Macau with description of Leptanilla macauensis sp. nov. Chi-Man Leong1, Seiki Yamane2 and Benoit Guénard3* 1Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 106 Taiwan 2Kagoshima University Museum, Kôrimoto 1-21-30, Kagoshima-shi, 890-0065 Japan 3School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT. The rare ant genus Leptanilla was discovered in Macau SAR, China for the first time, which represents the second record for this genus in southeastern China. Through the detailed examination, the new species Leptanilla macauensis sp. nov. described here has unique character conditions particularly in the structure of the clypeus and subpetiolar process. Moreover, the discovery of L. macauensis sp. nov. within an island of vegetation surrounded by a dense urbanized matrix illustrates future possibilities for the discovery of new species in South East Asia, including within heavily disturbed environments. Keywords: Leptanillinae, Leptanilla, Macao, new species, urbanized habitat INTRODUCTION specialized duct organs. The cryptobiotic and subterranean habits of Leptanilla ants limits the The ant genus Leptanilla Emery, 1870 consists collection of the worker and queen castes (Bar- of 46 species globally (AntCat 2017). This genus oni Urbani 1977; Bolton 1990; Wong & Guénard belongs to the subfamily Leptanillinae, which 2016), with the use of specific subterranean sam- is considered as one of the early ant lineages pling methods increasing the capture of Leptanil- (Brady et al. 2006), and Leptanilla is character- linae workers (Man et al. 2017, Wong & Guénard ized among Leptanillinae by the presence of a 2017). distinct postpetiole, subtriangular mandible with In the Oriental region, 17 species of 3 to 5 teeth, exposed antennal insertion close to Leptanilla have been recorded so far (antmaps. the anterior margin of clypeus, pronotum and me- org 2017; Guénard et al. 2017). However, both sonotum completely separated by promesonotal the diversity and distribution of Leptanilla spe- suture, and slender body shape (Bolton 1990), cies are probably underestimated as shown by with peculiar subterranean life history (Brady their patchy distribution in Asia and the recent re- et al. 2006). Masuko (1989, 1990) documented cords of new species or records collected through the feeding habits of L. japonica Baroni Urbani, the use of leaf litter or subterranean sampling 1977, with workers being specialized predators methods (Wong & Guénard 2016). For instance, of geophilomorph centipedes, while the queen Wong and Guénard (2016) used subterranean feeds on hemolymph produced by larvae from traps and Winkler extractors, and discovered a 2 Chi-Man Leong, Seiki Yamane & Benoit Guénard new species, L. hypodracos, in Singapore and re- HW Head width. Maximum width of head in corded a species L. cf. japonica from Hong Kong. full-face view. However, until recently, these collecting methods have been seldom used in China (Liu et al. 2015; MaL Mandible length. Maximum length of Man et al. 2017). Leptanilla species are generally mandible in full-face view, measured from collected from forested habitats, including within posterolateral base to apex of mandible. secondary forests (Masuko 1989, Wong & Gué- nard 2016, Man et al. 2017). SL Scape length. Maximum length of scape In the present study, a new species, excluding basal neck and condyle. Leptanilla macauensis sp. nov., is described based on workers recently collected using a Win- PnW Pronotal width. Maximum width of pro- kler extractor in a highly urbanized site on a small notum in dorsal view. hill of Macau SAR, southeastern China. It can be distinguished from other Asian species by a PnH Pronotal length. Maximum length of pro- combination of character conditions, particularly notum in dorsal view, measured between found in the structure of the clypeus and subpeti- anterior and posterior margins. olar process. In addition, the updated key to the Oriental and Sino-Japanese species of Leptanilla MW Mesonotal width. Maximum width of me- is provided. sonotum in dorsal view. PtL Petiole length. Maximum length of petiole MATERIALS & METHODS in dorsal view. The holotype (worker) and three paratype work- PtW Petiole width. Maximum width of petiole ers were point-mounted, and used for morpho- in dorsal view. logical examination; one paratype worker is preserved in a vial within 95% ethanol. Type PtH Petiole height. Maximum height of peti- specimens are deposited in the following institu- ole in lateral view, measured from dorsal- tions/collections. most point of node to ventralmost point of sternite. CAS California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA PpL Postpetiole length. Maximum length of SBSHKU Insect Biodiversity and Biogeography postpetiole in dorsal view (excluding hel- Laboratory, School of Biological Sci- cium). ences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PpW Postpetiole width. Maximum width of SKYC Sk. Yamane collection, Kagoshima postpetiole in dorsal view. Prefecture, Japan PpH Postpetiole height. Maximum height of Terminology postpetiole in lateral view, measured from The morphological terminology follows Baroni dorsalmost point of node to ventralmost Urbani (1977) and Bolton (1990). point of sternite. Measurements and indices definitions are described below and presented in Figure 1. WL Weber’s Length of mesosoma, measured from the point between cervical shield and HL Head length. Maximum length of head in pronotum to posteroventral point of pro- full-face view, measured from mid-point of podeum. anterior clypeal margin to mid-point of line across the posteriormost points of head. Discovery of the rare ant genus Leptanilla 3 Fig. 1. Measurements of the Leptanilla worker caste: A: body, lateral view; B: body, dorsal view; C: head, full- face view. Abbreviations are shown in the section of Materials and Methods. Fig. 2. Holotype worker-LCM00039 L. macauensis sp. nov., head in full-face view. 4 Chi-Man Leong, Seiki Yamane & Benoit Guénard TL Total length. Total length = HL + ML (me- TAXONOMY sosoma length, measured from anterior- most point of pronotum to posteriormost Leptanilla macauensis Leong, Yamane & Gué- point of propodeum) + PtL + PpL + GL nard, sp. nov. (gastral length, excluding sting). http://zoobank.org/DCE005C4-CF69-4A3F- A94F-DB0F47C17FD6 CI Cephalic Index. (HW ÷ HL) × 100 (Figs. 2, 5, and 7: holotype (worker), Figs. 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9: paratype workers) SI Scape Index. (SL ÷ HW) × 100 Leptanilla sp. mo01: Leong et al. 2017: 12 MaI Mandibular Index. (MaL ÷ HW) × 100 Holotype. Worker, Macau SAR, Ilha Verde Hill, 22.21191˚N, 113.53778˚E, 21 m elevation, PI Petiolar Index. (PtW ÷ PtL) × 100 25.I.2017, Winkler extractor set up for seven days, leg. C. M. Leong, specimen ID and deposi- PHI Petiolar Height Index. (PtW ÷ PtH) × 100 tory: “CML20170125a, LCM00039” in SBSH- KU. PPI Postpetiolar Index. (PpW ÷ PpL) × 100 Paratypes. Four workers from the same PPHI Postpetiolar Height Index. (PpW ÷ PpH) × 100 Winkler extractor sample as the holotype, “CML20170125a, LCM00003” in SKYC, All specimens were examined under “CML20170125a, LCM00001” in CAS, stereomicroscopes (Leica M205C; Leica Z16 “CML20170125a, LCM00002” in SBSHKU, APO, Wetzlar, Germany; Nikon SMZ18, Japan), “CML20170125a, LCM00040 in SBSHKU (kept and photographed using digital cameras (Leica in 95% alcohol; head separated with the meso- DFC450 or DFC490, Wetzlar, Germany), with a soma and bited on a minor of Pheidole mega- total of 25 to 30 images per view taken, then post- cephala). processed by the software Helicon Focus 6.3.5 (Helicon Soft., Kharkiv, Ukraine) or Leica Ap- Measurements (mm) and indices. Holotype plication Suite V4 software. SEM images were (worker): HL: 0.25; HW: 0.18; MaL: 0.09; SL: taken by a scanning electron microscope (JSEM- 0.10; PnW: 0.13; PnH: 0.12; MW: 0.10; PtL: 5600, JEOL); specimens were sputter-coated us- 0.09; PtW: 0.07; PtH: 0.09; PpL: 0.07; PpW: ing a sputter coater (SPI Module). Finally, the 0.08; PpH: 0.10; WL: 0.32; TL: 1.12; CI: 72, SI: pictures were typeset by Photoshop CC (Adobe® 49, MaI: 55, PI: 84, PHI: 78, PPI: 118, PPHI: 80. Photoshop® software). The measurements of specimens were firstly accurate to 0.001 mm and Paratype workers (n=3): HL: 0.25–0.26; HW: secondarily rounded to the nearest 0.01 mm by the 0.18–0.19; MaL: 0.10–0.11; SL: 0.09–0.11; PnW: software ImageJ (Schindelin et al. 2012). In ad- 0.12–0.13; PnH: 0.09–0.11; MW: 0.10–0.11; PtL: dition to comparing other Leptanilla species from 0.08; PtW: 0.07; PtH: 0.09; PpL: 0.07; PpW: Oceania, Oriental and Sino-Japanese regions, 0.08; PpH: 0.10; WL: 0.31–0.33; TL: 1.12–1.14; images of types of Leptanilla species (L. butteli CI: 72–74, SI: 49–56, MaI: 51–56, PI: 84–88, CASENT0901484, L. escheri CASENT0907607, PHI: 78–81, PPI: 118–124, PPHI: 80–86. L. japonica CASENT0902775, L. lamellata AN- TWEB1008004, L. oceanica CASENT0911452, Description of worker. Head. In full-face view L. taiwanensis CASENT0902777, L. tanakai (Fig. 2), head rectangular, distinctly longer than CASENT0911453, L. thai CASENT0911455, broad (CI: 72–74), with moderately concave pos- L. havilandi CASENT0907032, L. yunnanensis terior margin and weakly convex lateral margin, CASENT0235340) were examined when avail- with posterolateral corners rounded. Clypeus able in Antweb.org (2017); the specimens (L. (Fig. 3) not posteriorly separating from frons; an- clypeata, L. hypodracos MW150615-1.2); and teromedian portion of clypeus forming a round- the original descriptions. ly raised disc of which anteromedian margin is Discovery of the rare ant genus Leptanilla 5 Fig.
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