Athyrium Filix-Femina Athyrium Filix-Femina
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A Promising New Planting Material Epiweb TEXT and PHOTOS: HÅKAN HALLANDER
A promising new planting material EpiWeb TEXT AND PHOTOS: HÅKAN HALLANDER Translation Àune Brodd In my article about fern roots as planting material (Orkidéer May 2005 side 2) I spoke highly about old favourite number one planting material, Osmunda. More specifically the roots from the fern Osmunda regalis. The fern was over used to the point of extinction. It was replaced with fern fibres from the tree fern Dicksonia spp., which now is on the red list and prohibited for trade. Now our own Micke (Mikael Karlbom) has invented a solution, a Chinese plastic fibre. The fibre was initially used for scourers. Micke has, in cooperation with the Chinese factory modified the fibre. It is now coarser, and at the same time more porous, thus allowing high absorption. He has imported and tested the material for 2 years and is now marketing it under the name EpiWeb. I have heard about it before but have been a bit sceptic pending the test results. Test results are now available, and when I visited him just after New Year, I was completely convinced. It seems that this amazing “fly trap” is able to catch, not only two, but maybe five, six or even more flies at the same time. Advantages: 1. The fibres are about the same diameter as osmunda roots. Dicksonia fibres are coarser, and the finer dimension is a big advantage, especially for miniature orchids 2. The fibres can hold up to 80% of its own weight in water enabling it to moisten roots and at the same time facilitates excellent aeration. -
How to Know the Ferns
PEFEKNS I :::ia:m:\_ BY FRANCES PARSONS A\^ THOK \jr HOW^ TO KNGV THE MUD FLO WEP^S ^tvo lark ?tatE (^allege of Agriculture At Q^ornell MntBcrattH ICibrarg *''^ *^'"®'' "°]U.m.,'*"°'*' 3 guide to the nam 3 1924 000 582 050 The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000582050 : " -J ^j. 'The cheerful community of the polypody." How to Know the Ferns A GUIDE TO THE NAMES, HAUNTS, AND HABITS OF OUR COMMON FERNS By Frances Theodora Parsons Author of "How to Know the Wild Flowen" "According^ to Season" etc. Illustrated by Marion Satterlee and Alice Josephine Smith SEVENTH EDITION CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON Qa}~ CofyirigU, i89<), by Charles Scribner's Sons J. R. P. "If it were required to know tbe position of the fruit- dots ^ tbe character of the indusium, nothing could he easier than to ascertain it; but if it is required that jiou he affected hy ferns, that they amount to anything, signify anything to you, that they he another sacred scripture and revelation to you, helping to redeem your life, this end it not so easily accon^lishtd." —THOREM) PREFACE Since the publication, six years ago, of " How to Know the Wild Flowers," I have received such con- vincing testimony of the eagerness of nature-lovers of all ages and conditions to familiarize themselves with the inhabitants of our woods and fields, and so many assurances of the joy which such a familiarity aSords, that I have prepared this companion volume on " How to Know the Ferns." It has been my ex- perience that the world of delight which opens before us when we are admitted into some sort of intimacy with our companions other than human is enlarged with each new society into which we win our way. -
Ferns As a Shade Crop in Forest Farming
FERNS AS A FOREST FARMING CROP: EFFECTS OF LIGHT LEVELS ON GROWTH AND FROND QUALITY OF SELECTED SPECIES WITH POTENTIAL IN MISSOURI A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri - Columbia In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by JOHN D. KLUTHE Dr. H. E. ‘Gene’ Garrett, Thesis Supervisor May 2006 The undersigned, appointed by the Dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled FERNS AS A FOREST FARMING CROP: EFFECTS OF LIGHT LEVELS ON GROWTH AND FROND QUALITY OF SELECTED SPECIES WITH POTENTIAL IN MISSOURI Presented by John D. Kluthe a candidate for the degree of Masters of Science and hereby certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance. _______________________________________H.Garrett _______________________________________W.Kurtz _______________________________________M.Ellersieck _______________________________________C.Starbuck ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I thank H. E. ‘Gene’ Garrett, Director of the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry who has patiently guided me to completion of this Master’s thesis. Thanks to my other advisors who have also been very helpful; William B. Kurtz, University of Missouri – Professor of Forestry and Director of Undergraduate Studies in the School of Natural Resources; Christopher Starbuck, University of Missouri – Associate Professor of Horticulture. Furthermore, thanks to Mark Ellersieck, University of Missouri – Professor of Statistics; and Michele Warmund, University of Missouri – Professor of Plant Sciences. Dr. Ellersieck was very helpful analyzing the statistics while Dr. Warmund assisted with defining color with the use of a spectrophotometer. Many thanks to Bom kwan Chun who gladly helped with this study’s chores at HARC. -
Growth of Fern Gametophytes After 20 Years of Storage in Liquid Nitrogen
FERN GAZ. 20(8): 337-346. 2018 337 GROWTH OF FERN GAMETOPHYTES AFTER 20 YEARS OF STORAGE IN LIQUID NITROGEN V. C. Pence Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife (CREW) Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden, 3400 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA email: [email protected] Key words: cryopreservation, ex situ conservation, gametophyte; in vitro; long-term storage ABSTRACT In vitro grown gametophytes of six species of ferns, which had been cryopreserved using the encapsulation dehydration procedure, were evaluated for survival after 20 yrs of storage in liquid nitrogen. Tissues were rewarmed and transferred to a recovery medium with the same methods originally used to test pre-storage viability. All six species resumed growth. Post-storage viability was not consistently higher or lower than pre-storage viability of LN exposed tissues, likely reflecting the small sample sizes. However, these results demonstrate that long-term storage in liquid nitrogen is a viable option for preserving gametophytes of at least some fern species and could be utilized as an additional tool for preserving valuable gametophyte collections and for the ex situ conservation of fern biodiversity. INTRODUCTION For many species of ferns, gametophyte tissues have proven to be highly adaptable to growth in vitro (Table 1) . Most of these have been initiated through the aseptic germination of spores, although the aseptic germination of gemmae has also been demonstrated (Raine & Sheffield, 1997). As in vitro cultures, gametophytes can provide tissues for research and for propagation, both for ornamental ferns as well as for ferns of conservation concern. The ex situ conservation of ferns has traditionally relied on living collections and spore banks (Ballesteros, 2011). -
Infrageneric Revision of the Fern Genus Deparia (Athyriaceae, Aspleniineae, Polypodiales)
Systematic Botany (2018), 43(3): pp. 645–655 © Copyright 2018 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists DOI 10.1600/036364418X697364 Date of publication August 10, 2018 Infrageneric Revision of the Fern Genus Deparia (Athyriaceae, Aspleniineae, Polypodiales) Li-Yaung Kuo,1,7 Atsushi Ebihara,2 Tian-Chuan Hsu,3 Germinal Rouhan,4 Yao-Moan Huang,5 Chun-Neng Wang,1,6,8 Wen-Liang Chiou,3 and Masahiro Kato2 1Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan 2Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan 3Botanical Garden Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei 10066, Taiwan 4Mus´eum national d’Histoire naturelle, Institut de Syst´ematique, Evolution, Biodiversit´e ((ISYEB) CNRS, Sorbonne Universit´e EPHE), Herbier national, 16 rue Buffon CP39, F-75005 Paris, France 5Silviculture Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei 10066, Taiwan 6Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan 7Current address: Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA ([email protected]) 8Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Sven Buerki Abstract—Current molecular phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly and circumscription of the athyrioid fern genus Deparia (Athyr- iaceae), which includes previously recognized genera including Athyriopsis, 3Depazium, Dictyodroma, Dryoathyrium (5 Parathyrium), Lunathyrium, and Neotriblemma (5 Triblemma Ching), and 3Neotribleparia. This broad generic concept has been adopted in several recent taxonomic treatments, including the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group I. However, the infrageneric taxonomy of Deparia still needs further revision. In this study, we provide a new infrageneric classification with five sections and three subsections based on the phylogenetic evidence. -
Copy of Alice Smith Fern Allee Inventory 3
Ferns in the Alice Smith Fern Allee at the Bartlett Arboretum & Gardens Common name Scientific name American rockbrake fern (aka Parsley fern) Cryptogramma acrostichoides Autumn fern (aka Japanese shield fern) Dryopteris erythrosora Bevis' soft shield fern Polystichum setiferum 'Pulcherrimum Bevis' Branford beauty fern Athyrium niponicum var. pictum x Athyrium filix-femina Branford rambler fern Athyrium niponicum var. pictum x Athyrium filix-femina Braun's holly fern Polystichum braunii Broad Buckler fern (aka Broad wood fern or Crisped broad buckler fern) Dryopteris dilatata 'Crispa Whiteside' Broad Buckler fern (aka Broad wood fern) Dryopteris dilatata Buckler fern Dryopteris x complexa 'Robust' (hybrid of D. affinis x D. filix-mas) Buckler fern (aka Robust male fern) Dryopteris x complexa 'Robust' (hybrid of D. affinis x D. filix-mas) Bulbet bladder fern Crystopteris bulbifera Butterfields holly fern Cyrtomium falcatum 'Butterfieldii' Champion's wood fern Dryopteris championii Christmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides Cinnamon fern Osmunda cinnamomea Clinton's wood fern Dryopteris clintoniana Crested golden-scaled male fern Dryopteris affinis 'Cristata The King' ( variation with crested crests) Crested golden-scaled male fern 'Cristata the King' Dryopteris affinis 'Cristata the King' Crested Hart's Tongue Asplenium scolopendrium 'Cristatum' Crested Japanese painted fern Athyrium niponicum var. pictum ' Applecourt' Crested lady fern Athyrium filix-femina 'Cristatum' Crested lady fern (aka Criss-cross lady fern) Athyrium filix-femina -
NLI Recommended Plant List for the Mountains
NLI Recommended Plant List for the Mountains Notable Features Requirement Exposure Native Hardiness USDA Max. Mature Height Max. Mature Width Very Wet Very Dry Drained Moist &Well Occasionally Dry Botanical Name Common Name Recommended Cultivars Zones Tree Deciduous Large (Height: 40'+) Acer rubrum red maple 'October Glory'/ 'Red Sunset' fall color Shade/sun x 2-9 75' 45' x x x fast growing, mulit-stemmed, papery peeling Betula nigra river birch 'Heritage® 'Cully'/ 'Dura Heat'/ 'Summer Cascade' bark, play props Shade/part sun x 4-8 70' 60' x x x Celtis occidentalis hackberry tough, drought tolerant, graceful form Full sun x 2-9 60' 60' x x x Fagus grandifolia american beech smooth textured bark, play props Shade/part sun x 3-8 75' 60' x x Fraxinus americana white ash fall color Full sun/part shade x 3-9 80' 60' x x x Ginkgo biloba ginkgo; maidenhair tree 'Autumn Gold'/ 'The President' yellow fall color Full sun 3-9 70' 40' x x good dappled shade, fall color, quick growing, Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis thornless honey locust Shademaster®/ Skyline® salt tolerant, tolerant of acid, alkaline, wind. Full sun/part shade x 3-8 75' 50' x x Liriodendron tulipifera tulip poplar fall color, quick growth rate, play props, Full sun x 4-9 90' 50' x Platanus x acerifolia sycamore, planetree 'Bloodgood' play props, peeling bark Full sun x 4-9 90' 70' x x x Quercus palustris pin oak play props, good fall color, wet tolerant Full sun x 4-8 80' 50' x x x Tilia cordata Little leaf Linden, Basswood 'Greenspire' Full sun/part shade 3-7 60' 40' x x Ulmus -
The Ferns and Their Relatives (Lycophytes)
N M D R maidenhair fern Adiantum pedatum sensitive fern Onoclea sensibilis N D N N D D Christmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum N D P P rattlesnake fern (top) Botrychium virginianum ebony spleenwort Asplenium platyneuron walking fern Asplenium rhizophyllum bronze grapefern (bottom) B. dissectum v. obliquum N N D D N N N R D D broad beech fern Phegopteris hexagonoptera royal fern Osmunda regalis N D N D common woodsia Woodsia obtusa scouring rush Equisetum hyemale adder’s tongue fern Ophioglossum vulgatum P P P P N D M R spinulose wood fern (left & inset) Dryopteris carthusiana marginal shield fern (right & inset) Dryopteris marginalis narrow-leaved glade fern Diplazium pycnocarpon M R N N D D purple cliff brake Pellaea atropurpurea shining fir moss Huperzia lucidula cinnamon fern Osmunda cinnamomea M R N M D R Appalachian filmy fern Trichomanes boschianum rock polypody Polypodium virginianum T N J D eastern marsh fern Thelypteris palustris silvery glade fern Deparia acrostichoides southern running pine Diphasiastrum digitatum T N J D T T black-footed quillwort Isoëtes melanopoda J Mexican mosquito fern Azolla mexicana J M R N N P P D D northern lady fern Athyrium felix-femina slender lip fern Cheilanthes feei net-veined chain fern Woodwardia areolata meadow spike moss Selaginella apoda water clover Marsilea quadrifolia Polypodiaceae Polypodium virginanum Dryopteris carthusiana he ferns and their relatives (lycophytes) living today give us a is tree shows a current concept of the Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris marginalis is poster made possible by: { Polystichum acrostichoides T evolutionary relationships among Onocleaceae Onoclea sensibilis glimpse of what the earth’s vegetation looked like hundreds of Blechnaceae Woodwardia areolata Illinois fern ( green ) and lycophyte Thelypteridaceae Phegopteris hexagonoptera millions of years ago when they were the dominant plants. -
Conservation Assessment for White Adder's Mouth Orchid (Malaxis B Brachypoda)
Conservation Assessment for White Adder’s Mouth Orchid (Malaxis B Brachypoda) (A. Gray) Fernald Photo: Kenneth J. Sytsma USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region April 2003 Jan Schultz 2727 N Lincoln Road Escanaba, MI 49829 906-786-4062 This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on Malaxis brachypoda (A. Gray) Fernald. This is an administrative study only and does not represent a management decision or direction by the U.S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was gathered and reported in preparation for this document and subsequently reviewed by subject experts, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if the reader has information that will assist in conserving the subject taxon, please contact: Eastern Region, USDA Forest Service, Threatened and Endangered Species Program, 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203. Conservation Assessment for White Adder’s Mouth Orchid (Malaxis Brachypoda) (A. Gray) Fernald 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................................................2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..............................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................3 -
A Comparative Study of Lady Ferns and Japanese Painted Ferns (Athyrium Spp.)
Plant Evaluation Notes Issue 39, 2015 A Comparative Study of Lady Ferns and Japanese Painted Ferns (Athyrium spp.) Richard G. Hawke, Plant Evaluation Manager and Associate Scientist Photo by Richard Hawke Athyrium filix-femina Lady ferns and Japanese painted ferns of the wood fern family (Dryopteridaceae) Japanese painted ferns has spawned an (Athyrium spp.) are among the most elegant and just a few of the nearly 200 species array of new colorful cultivars as well as a yet utilitarian plants for the shade garden. native to temperate and tropical regions few exceptional hybrids with the common Their lacy fronds arch and twist in a graceful worldwide. The common lady fern lady fern. manner, being both structural and ethereal (A. filix-femina) is a circumglobal species at the same time. Ferns stand on their found in moist woodlands, meadows, While common botanical terms such as foliar merits alone, having no flowers to and ravines throughout North America, leaf, stem, and midrib can be used to overshadow their feathery foliage. The lush Europe, and Asia, and is represented in describe fern foliage, specialized terminology green fronds of lady ferns are in marked gardens by a plethora of cultivars—many of further defines fern morphology. The fern contrast to the sage green, silver, and the oldest forms originated in England leaf or frond is composed of the stipe burgundy tones of the colorful Japanese during the Victorian era. Eared lady fern (stem), blade (leaf), rachis (midrib), and painted ferns. The delicate quality of their (A. otophorum) and Japanese lady fern pinna (leaflet). Crosier or fiddlehead fronds belies their stoutness—they are (A. -
The Paraphyly of Osmunda Is Confirmed by Phylogenetic Analyses of Seven Plastid Loci
Systematic Botany (2008), 33(1): pp. 31–36 © Copyright 2008 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists The Paraphyly of Osmunda is Confirmed by Phylogenetic Analyses of Seven Plastid Loci Jordan S. Metzgar,1 Judith E. Skog,2,3 Elizabeth A. Zimmer,4 and Kathleen M. Pryer1,5 1Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 U.S.A. 2Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030 U.S.A. 3National Science Foundation, Division of Biological Infrastructure, 4201 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, Virginia 22203 U.S.A. 4Department of Botany and Laboratory of Analytical Biology, Smithsonian Museum Support Center, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland 20746 U.S.A. 5Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Daniel Potter Abstract—To resolve phylogenetic relationships among all genera and subgenera in Osmundaceae, we analyzed over 8,500 characters of DNA sequence data from seven plastid loci (atpA, rbcL, rbcL–accD, rbcL–atpB, rps4–trnS, trnG–trnR, and trnL–trnF). Our results confirm those from earlier anatomical and single-gene (rbcL) studies that suggested Osmunda s.l. is paraphyletic. Osmunda cinnamomea is sister to the remainder of Osmundaceae (Leptopteris, Todea, and Osmunda s.s.). We support the recognition of a monotypic fourth genus, Osmundastrum, to reflect these results. We also resolve subgeneric relationships within Osmunda s.s. and find that subg. Claytosmunda is strongly supported as sister to the rest of Osmunda. A stable, well-supported classification for extant Osmundaceae is proposed, along with a key to all genera and subgenera. Keywords—ferns, Osmunda, Osmundaceae, Osmundastrum, paraphyly, plastid DNA. -
The Plant List
the list A Companion to the Choosing the Right Plants Natural Lawn & Garden Guide a better way to beautiful www.savingwater.org Waterwise garden by Stacie Crooks Discover a better way to beautiful! his plant list is a new companion to Choosing the The list on the following pages contains just some of the Right Plants, one of the Natural Lawn & Garden many plants that can be happy here in the temperate Pacific T Guides produced by the Saving Water Partnership Northwest, organized by several key themes. A number of (see the back panel to request your free copy). These guides these plants are Great Plant Picks ( ) selections, chosen will help you garden in balance with nature, so you can enjoy because they are vigorous and easy to grow in Northwest a beautiful yard that’s healthy, easy to maintain and good for gardens, while offering reasonable resistance to pests and the environment. diseases, as well as other attributes. (For details about the GPP program and to find additional reference materials, When choosing plants, we often think about factors refer to Resources & Credits on page 12.) like size, shape, foliage and flower color. But the most important consideration should be whether a site provides Remember, this plant list is just a starting point. The more the conditions a specific plant needs to thrive. Soil type, information you have about your garden’s conditions and drainage, sun and shade—all affect a plant’s health and, as a particular plant’s needs before you purchase a plant, the a result, its appearance and maintenance needs.