Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull 73: 1–5 (2016)

NEW RECORDS OF MARINE CERITHIID MICROGASTROPODS (PROSOBRANCHIA: ) FROM THAI WATERS

Sararat Tanamai1 and Jaruwat Nabhitabhata2 *

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkla 90112, Thailand 2 Excellence Centre for Biodiversity of Peninsular Thailand, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkla 90112, Thailand *Corresponding Author: [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT: Specimens of marine cerithiid microgastropod were collected in Thai Waters from the South China Sea (Gulf of Thailand) and the Indian Ocean (Andaman Sea). Two genera, comprising four species were recorded, including glareosum Gould, 1861, B. simplex (Jeffreys, 1867), Cerithium alutaceum (Gould, 1861) and C. stigmosum Gould, 1861. All were recorded in Thai Waters and the Andaman Sea for the first time. The latter three species were new records for the Indian Ocean.

Keywords: new records, marine microgastropods, Cerithiidae, Thai Waters

INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS

Marine microgastropods are defined as small Sand samples were collected from localities sized gastropods, with a shell size of less than five in seven provinces along the Gulf of Thailand millimeter in length (Geiger et al., 2007). These and Andaman Sea during 2011-2013 (Figure 1). gastropods are primary consumers and serve as The method followed Geiger et al., (2007) using prey in the marine food web (Poppe, 2008; Sasaki, a stainless-steel sampling box of 10×10×5 cm in 2008). Benthic microgastropods occur in several size (500 cm3 sample). Three replicates of samples habitats, such as limestone walls; submarine caves; were collected at each locality. The collected deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps; on samples were sieved through a 1.0 and 0.5 mm various substrates such as undersides of half-buried mesh. Specimens of cerithiid microgastropods boulders; submerged wood; and on invertebrate were sorted from the sand under a stereo-micro- integuments. There are few studies on marine scope, cleaned and then air-dried. The morphometric microgastropods compared to terrestrial species. terminology followed Houbrick (1992). Others Thai waters comprise the Gulf of Thailand in definitions followed Hardy (2015), Houbrick (1992), the South China Sea, which is an arm of the West Okutani (2000), Poppe (2008), Robba et al., (2004), Pacific Ocean and the Andaman Sea in the East Sasaki (2008), Swennen et al., (2001) and Trausel Indian Ocean. This sub-region is a geographical and Slieker (2015). Thai words used in the text are transition zone of the two oceans. In Thailand, Haad (= Beach), Ko (= Island), Amphoe (= District), cerithiid marine microgastropods have been and Changwat (= Province). Specimens have been reported from several localities in the northern deposited in the Reference Collection of the Princess and eastern parts of the Gulf of Thailand (Chai- Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum, wathee et al., 2007; Robba et al., 2004; Sawatna Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University et al., 2012; Swennen et al., 2001; Tanamai and (PSUNHM). Dumrongrojwattana, 2011) but not from the western and southern parts of the Gulf of Thailand or the Andaman Sea. The present study extends the formerly described range to these latter regions. 2

Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull

Figure 1. Localities of materials (1 -Changwat Chon Buri, 2 -Changwat Chumphon, 3 -Changwat Surat Thani, 4 -Changwat Phang-nga, 5 -Changwat Phuket, 6 -Changwat Krabi, and 7 -Changwat Satun)

RESULTS 12.08.2011 (PSUNHM 2194-243-0006). Two shells, sandy beach, Ko Tao, Changwat Surat Thani, Two genera, with four species were recorded, 25.03.2012 (PSUNHM 2194-243-0180). Two shells, comprising Bittium glareosum Gould, 1861, sandy beach, Ko Samui, Changwat Surat Thani, B. simplex (Jeffreys, 1867), Cerithium alutaceum 18.03.2012 (PSUNHM 2194-243-0181). One shell, (Gould, 1861) and C. stigmosum Gould, 1861. rocky shore, Ko Pa Yang, Similan Islands National Park, Changwat Phang-nga, 6.04.2009, (PSUNHM Family Cerithiidae Ferussac, 1819 2194-243-0010). Two shells, coral reef, sand Bittium Gray, 1847 bottom, Ko Pa Yan, Similan Islands National Park, Changwat Phang-nga, 6.04.2009 (PSUNHM 2194- Diagnosis: Shell fusiform to conical with numerous 243-0011 and PSUNHM 2194-243-0012). Shell whorls. Shell ; spiral cords with cross-over 0.80‒1.07 × 2.29‒3.29 mm axial ribs, ornamented beads or nodes present. deeply impressed. subcircular to Distribution: Pandak Island, the Philippines, Boso ovate, outer lip expanded and round. Anterior Peninsula, Japan (Okutani, 2000; Poppe, 2008) and short, anal canal small. Madagascar (WoRMS, 2015).

Bittium glareosum Gould, 1861 Diagnosis: Shell; elongate conical, 7‒8 whorls. (Figure 2) Sculpture; 3 spiral cords, beaded, numerous cross- over axial ribs, node present. Suture deeply Material examined: Five shells, sandy beach, impressed. Aperture; ovate, about one-quarter of King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkra- shell length, outer lip expanded, smooth. Anterior bang, Chumphon Campus, Changwat Chumphon, siphonal canal short. Anal canal short. Shell colour 13.08.2011 (PSUNHM 2194-243-0004). Two shells, light brown to dark brown. sandy beach, Ko Khai, Changwat Chumphon, 3

New records of marine cerithiid microgastropods

Remarks: This is the first record of B. glareosum shore, Ko Samui, Changwat Surat Thani, 19.03.2012 from Thai Waters and from the Andaman Sea. The (PSUNHM 2194-243-0184). One shells, sandy shell colour of the present specimens varied from beach, Ko Pajumba, Surin Islands National Park, dark to light brown. The absence of colour spots Changwat Phang-nga, 8.04.2012 (PSUNHM differs from the presence of these described in 2194-243-0185). Two shells, sandy beach, Ko previous records. Lanta Yai, Changwat Krabi, 5.05.2013 (PSUNHM 2194-243-0186). Shell 0.68‒1.91 × 2.39‒4.70 mm Bittium simplex (Jeffreys, 1867) (Figure 2) Distribution: Mactan Island, the Philippines and Amami Islands, Japan (Okutani, 2000; Poppe, 2008). Material examined: One shell, rocky shore, Ko Pa Yang, Similan Islands National Park, Changwat Diagnosis: Shell fusiform, elongate, 7.5 whorls, Phang-nga, 6.04.2009 (PSUNHM 2194-243-0013). side straight. Sculpture; axial ribs, 3 spiral cord Shell 0.89 × 2.11 mm bands, nodes at crossings, nodes on last body depressed. Suture strongly impressed. Aperture Distribution: Mediterranean Algeciras, Spain oblique, about one-third of shell length, outer lip (Giannuzzi-Savelli et al., 1996) expanded. Shell colour fine brown spot over white background. Diagnosis: Shell elongate, turreted, 7.5 whorls. Whorl scupture; three spiral cords, blotch on spiral Remarks: A new record in the Indian Ocean and cord, 14‒16 axial ribs, nodulose at cords and rib also in Thai waters. The size of the present crossing small. Suture deep. Aperture ovate, about specimens, 2.39‒4.70 mm, is small compared to one-fifth of shell length. Siphonal canal short. Outer 6 mm of the Japanese specimens. lip smooth, rounded. Shell colour white. Apex dark brown. Cerithium stigmosum Gould, 1861 (Figure 2) Remarks: This is the first and only record of Bittium simplex in the Indo-Pacific Region (Indian Material examined: Three shells, rocky shore, Ko Ocean) and Thai Waters (Andaman Sea). Pa Yang, Similan Islands National Park, Changwat Phang-nga, 6.04.2009 (PSUNHM 2194-243-0020, Genus Cerithium Bruguière, 1789 PSUNHM 2194-243-0021 and PSUNHM 2194- 243-0022). Ten shells, rocky shore, Panwa Cape, Diagnosis: Shell fusiform to ovate, whorls Changwat Phuket, 10.09.2013 (PSUNHM 2194- numerous. Shell sculpture; spiral cords with 243-0193). Shell 0.81‒1.02 × 2.73‒3.22 mm crossing axial ribs, nodes or beads present. Suture shallow to deeply impressed. Aperture ovate, outer Distribution: Ogasawara, Amami Islands, and lip expanded, anterior siphonal and anal canal Okinawa Islands, Japan and Calituban Island, the distinct. Inner lip smooth or notched. Philippines (Okutani, 2000; Poppe, 2008).

Cerithium alutaceum (Gould, 1861) Diagnosis: Shell small elongate, turreted, flat (Figure 2) surfaced, 7.5 whorls. Sculpture; four spiral cords, 16 axial ribs, fine beads at crossing. Suture deep. Material examined: Two shells, rocky shore, Aperture ovate, about one-fifth of shell length. Ko Si Chang, Changwat Chon Buri, 21.03.2012 Siphonal canal short. Outer lip smooth, expanded. (PSUNHM 2194-243-0196). Three shells, sandy Shell colour dark brown on two last spiral cords beach, Ko Khai, Changwat Chumphon, 12.08.2011 over light brown background. (PSUNHM 2194-243-0001). Six shells, sandy beach, Ko Tao, Changwat Surat Thani, 27.03.2012 Remarks: A new record from the Indian Ocean (PSUNHM 2194-243-0182). Twenty shell, sandy and Thai Waters. beach, Ko Tao, Changwat Surat Thani, 25.03.2012 (PSUNHM 2194-243-0183). Two shells, rocky 4

Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull

Figure 2. Cerithiid marine microgastropods from Thai Waters. (Scale bars: 1 mm)

DISCUSSION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the Indo-Pacific region, four genera and We wish to express our sincere thanks to the fourteen species of marine cerithiid microgastropods Plant Genetic Conservation Project under the Royal have been previously recorded (Giannuzzi-Savelli Initiation of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha et al., 1996; Houbrick, 1980, 1992; Okutani, 2000; Chakri Sirindhorn, Naval Special Warfare Command, Poppe, 2008, Sawatna et al., 2012). The present Royal Thai Fleet, Similan Islands National Park, study increases this number to fifteen. Eight species Changwat Phang-nga, for their encouragement in have been recorded only in the Pacific Ocean and this study. This work was also supported by the six species have now been found in the Indian Higher Education Research Promotion and National Ocean. B. simplex was only recorded in the Andaman Research University Project of Thailand, Office of Sea during this study. the Higher Education Commission. The first author All four species, Bittium glareosum, B. simplex, is funded by the Science Achievement Scholar- Cerithium alutaceum, C. stigmosum, are the first ship of Thailand, Office of the Higher Education records for Thai Waters and the Andaman Sea, with Commission. The authors would like to thank the last three species being found only in the Indian staff of the Excellence Centre for Biodiversity of Ocean. The distribution range of B. simplex in Thai Peninsular Thailand, Department of Biology, and Waters (Andaman Sea) is surprising, since the only Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History previous record for this species was the Mediter- Museum of Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla ranean Sea. The reasons for its occurrence in the University for their assistance in laboratory work. Andaman Sea might be simply due to the lack of We also would like to thank Sumaitt Putchakarn, studies in other regions. Another possible reason is Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana, Konson Hongpad- the accidental introduction, i.e. through the trans- harakiree, Koraon Wongkamhaeng, Kanika Sawatna portation in the ballast water of cargo ships. and Ratchaneewarn Inmadon for their assistance in collecting samples. Also thanks to Brian Hodgson for assistance with the English. 5

New records of marine cerithiid microgastropods

REFERENCES

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Manuscript received: 26 February 2015 Accepted: 21 July 2015 6

Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull