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Capacity Building COMMUNITIES CARE: TRANSFORMING LIVES AND PREVENTING VIOLENCE PART 3 STRENGTHENING COMMUNITY-BASED CARE SECTION 2 CAPACITY TRAININGBUILDING SESSIONS AND MATERIALS COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS TRAINING PARTICIPANT PACKET all survivors need good quality care and support to help them heal and recover b CAPACITY BUILDING Community health workers training MODULE 2: What is sexual violence and what are its consequences? STRENGTHENING COMMUNITY-BASED CARE CAPACITY BUILDING 10 DAYS • 8 MODULES MODULE PARTICIPANT PACKET Community-based management of survivors of sexual violence This training is for community health workers (CHWs) to help survivors of sexual violence in the community. Through the training, CHWs will be able to: • Understand sexual violence and what can happen WHAT to survivors MODULE • Provide key messages about sexual violence WILL YOU to community members as part of the CHWs’ daily activities LEARN? • Communicate with survivors of sexual violence • Refer survivors to health care and other services, respecting their safety, privacy and dignity • Directly provide health care to survivors when care at a health facility is too far 1 PART 3 Strengthening Community-Based Care CONTENTS Overview . 3 Module 2: What is sexual violence and what are its consequences? . .. 5 Module 3: Principles of working with survivors of sexual violence . 29 Module 4: Recognizing survivors and facilitating referrals for sexual violence . 39 Module 5: Providing community-based care for survivors of sexual violence . 47 Module 6: Self-care for community health workers . 81 Advanced Module 8: Providing advanced community-based care for survivors of sexual violence (CHW 3 only) . 87 ACRONYMS ART Antiretroviral therapy ARV Antiretrovirals CHW Community health worker EC Emergency contraception GBV Gender-based violence HO Handout IEC Information, education and communication HTC HIV testing and counseling PEP Post-exposure prophylaxis PID Pelvic inflammatory disease SEA Sexual exploitation and abuse STI Sexually transmitted infection TBA Traditional birth attendant 2 CAPACITY BUILDING Community health workers training Overview OVERVIEW This training is for community health workers (CHWs) to help survivors of sexual violence in the community . Through the training, CHWs will be able to: • Understand sexual violence and what can happen to survivors • Provide key messages about sexual violence to community members as part of the CHWs’ daily activities • Communicate with survivors of sexual violence • Refer survivors to health care and other services, respecting their safety, privacy and dignity • Directly provide health care to survivors when care at a health facility is too far What does ‘sexual violence’ mean in this training? ’Sexual violence’ in this training means any act of forced sex as said by the person that experiences it . The violence can be from a stranger or family member, in or outside of marriage . The ’survivor‘ is a person who has experienced the forced sex, and can be anybody, including women, girls, men, boys, persons with disabilities and older people in the community . Who is this training for? The training is for CHWs who already provide health education and basic health care to people in the community . The information that is taught will build on things you already know, such as how to how to stay healthy, how germs cause sickness and how to treat basic sicknesses such as colds and diarrhoea . What will you learn to do? While your supervisor will tell you what activities you will be providing in the community, you will fall into one of three groups of CHWs that have specific tasks, detailed below . 3 PART 3 Strengthening Community-Based Care CHW 1 • Conduct health education around sexual violence and the benefits of seeking care • Recognize survivors of sexual violence when they come to you • Refer survivors to higher level health staff or the health facility for health care • Refer survivors to other services in the community . The following modules in this packet focus on the activities of CHW 1s . Module 2: What is sexual violence and what are its consequences? Module 3: Principles of working with survivors of sexual violence Module 4: Recognizing survivors and facilitating referrals for sexual violence CHW 2 • Conduct health education around sexual violence and the benefits of seeking care • Recognize survivors of sexual violence when they come to you • Provide basic health care and emotional support to survivors • Refer survivors to other services in the community • Provide follow-up care to survivors The following modules in this packet focus on the activities of CHW 2s . Module 2: What is sexual violence and what are its consequences? Module 3: Principles of working with survivors of sexual violence Module 4: Recognizing survivors and facilitating referrals for sexual violence Module 5: Providing community-based care for survivors of sexual violence Module 6: Self-care for community health workers CHW 3 • Conduct health education around sexual violence and the benefits of seeking care • Recognize survivors of sexual violence when they come to you • Provide more complete health care and emotional support to survivors • Refer survivors to other services in the community • Provide follow-up care to survivors The following modules in this packet focus on the activities of CHW 3s . Module 2: What is sexual violence and what are its consequences? Module 3: Principles of working with survivors of sexual violence Module 4: Recognizing survivors and facilitating referrals for sexual violence Module 5: Providing community-based care for survivors of sexual violence Module 6: Self-care for community health workers Advanced Module 8: Providing advanced community-based care for survivors of sexual violence The following modules are summaries of the lectures and activities that you will cover during the training . You can refer to the summaries when you go home, and in your day-to-day work . Handouts (HOs) and job aids are also available in your packet to help you as you care for survivors of sexual violence . 4 CAPACITY BUILDING MODULE 2 What is sexual violence and what are its consequences? Participant handouts Handout 1: GBV flip book Handout 2: HIV flip book 5 PART 3 Strengthening Community-Based Care 6 CAPACITY BUILDING Community health workers training MODULE 2: What is sexual violence and what are its consequences? What is gender? ‘Sex’ and ‘gender’ are not the same thing . Sex is the physical differences between males and females . It does not change and is the same across cultures and societies . Gender is how a community defines what it means to be male or female . Gender determines the roles, responsibilities, opportunities, privileges, expectations and limitations for females and males in any culture . Example of gender roles: Some activities like washing and ironing clothes are considered ‘women’s work’, or parents may send their sons to school but not their daughters . Unlike the physical differences between men and women, gender roles are created by the community . They are learned as they are passed on from adults to children . Example of gender roles: In many communities, women are expected to prepare food, gather water and fuel and care for their children . Men, however, are often expected to work outside of the home and protect their families from harm . What is gender-based violence? Gender roles can sometimes cause harm . The term ‘gender-based violence’ (GBV) is used to describe acts of violence that are based on gender roles, particularly, the relationship between women’s lower status in society and increased risk of violence . GBV can be sexual, physical, psychological/emotional and economic . It can include acts—attempted or threatened—committed with force, and without the agreement or consent of the survivor . 7 PART 3 Strengthening Community-Based Care What are examples of gender-based violence?1 Sexual violence Psychological/emotional violence • Rape (forced sex) • Emotional abuse • Sodomy (forced anal or oral sex) • Blame • Attempted rape • Humiliation • Marital rape (forced sex in marriage) • Isolating someone from family • Abuse/exploitation and friends • Child sexual abuse • Threats • Incest (forced sex among family • Discrimination members) • Denying opportunity • Molestation (inappropriate touching) • Not allowing a partner to leave • Forced prostitution the home freely • Trafficking • Harmful traditional practices* • Sexual harassment (unwanted sexual advances or remarks) Economic violence • Harmful traditional practices* • Controlling money • Denying opportunity Physical violence • Spouse beating/domestic violence • Assault and other physical violence • Neglect • Harmful traditional practices* * Harmful traditional practices can include • Female genital mutilation/cutting (partial or total removal of female body parts) • Child marriage • Killing in the name of honour 1 Adapted from CARE, Moving from Emergency Response to Comprehensive Reproductive Health Programs: A Modular Training Series, 2002; Hesperian Foundation, Where Women Have No Doctor: A Health Guide for Women, 2010; UNFPA, Managing Gender-based Violence Programmes in Emergencies: E-learning Companion Guide, 2012 . 8 CAPACITY BUILDING Community health workers training MODULE 2: What is sexual violence and what are its consequences? What is sexual violence? Sexual violence is one type of GBV . Sexual violence is when any person—regardless of relationship to the victim—uses force, pressure or threats to attempt a sexual act or perform a sexual
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