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Annual Report Independent marine science since 1884 sd 2 3

Contents About SAMS

Our vision is an ocean in balance that is 04 Welcome 26 Public engagement healthy and sustainable. We work towards this by… 28 06 At a glance People • DISCOVERING new knowledge about the oceans through world-class, transformational research • COMMUNICATING our new knowledge through inspirational 08 Research 30 Finance education and public engagement and • APPLYING this knowledge through government, business and research partnerships to solve some of the greatest 18 Education 32 Publications challenges facing our planet

Our research embraces the great of Association. It is also a registered 22 43 challenge of our time: how to provide Scottish charity with a membership. Enterprise Staff list sustainable food and energy for a growing It operates two wholly owned active human population while safeguarding the subsidiary companies: SAMS health, biodiversity and productivity of the Research Services Limited natural environment. SAMS focuses on and SAMS Limited. marine related aspects of this challenge, conducting research around the world, SAMS is a founding academic partner Trustees and Directors of the charity across disciplines and at all scales with of the University of the Highlands and our partners and stakeholders. To ensure Islands, an Associated Institution of the any new knowledge we generate is used United Nations University, and a delivery Chair Trustees we educate, inspire, advise and collaborate partner of UK Research and Innovation – with all sectors of society. Natural Environment Research Council.

Diana Murray CBE Hazel Allen Ian D Dunn Founded by Sir John Murray in 1884 in Registered office: Mark T S Batho Professor Ailsa Hall Edinburgh, SAMS is the United Kingdom’s Scottish Association for Marine Science oldest independent and dedicated marine Dunbeg | Oban Professor John Baxter John MacKerron science organisation, engaged in research, Argyll PA37 1QA Sarah Brown Dr Deborah McNeill education and enterprise. Scotland | United Kingdom

Professor Colin Dr Magnus Nicolson SAMS is a company limited by guarantee Charity Number: SC009206 Brownlee Susan Watts governed by its Memorandum and Articles Registered Number: SC009292 Lisa Chilton

Editors: Dr Anuschka Miller & Euan Paterson Designer: Iona Harvey Cover image: Photo by Alasdair O’Dell. A large seaweed harvest takes place at SAMS’ seaweed farm, Loch Linnhe, to understand methods required for large-scale seaweed aquaculture. 4 5

Welcome!

We had another rich and varied year, to say some of what is reported here and can only celebrate a selection of was funded by the EU and produced in highlights in this annual report. We have collaboration with European colleagues, been fulfilling our mission of conducting with some of whom we have worked some great research, inspiring the next for many years. As I write we are still generation and providing solutions to uncertain what the future will look like. achieve sustainable oceans. Beyond that we also engaged in a major exercise On climate change, SAMS is among the SAMS research and to develop our 2020-2025 strategic leading UK organisations conducting education are of plan. Although the strategy was not research into its impacts on the increasing relevance published during the reporting year, physical, chemical, biological and social most of the groundwork was laid during marine system. Not only do we try to to a society that faces this period with numerous consultation disentangle what is a phenomenally a climate emergency, meetings with staff, trustees and complex problem, we also try to discover plastic waste crisis and stakeholders. I was particularly keen and communicate understanding and to test the robustness of our business prediction to manage its consequences unprecedented species model – what I call the three-legged and mitigate the causes where possible. extinction rates. We stool model. The three legs of the SAMS We are part of the solution and there are scientists must redouble business model are research, education examples of our work to demonstrate and enterprise. I am pleased to report that. our efforts for a healthy this was deemed to be a sound basis and sustainable marine for the next five years for SAMS but we I cannot end without a reference to the environment. sharpened its description to the more COVID-19 pandemic, which descended dynamic discover, communicate and on us in the last weeks of this formal apply. You will see many world-class reporting year, heralding a quite examples of each of these in this report. exceptional period for human society. It may be appropriate to detail some of Of course, all this thinking about the our responses in next year’s report but future cannot be considered in isolation. suffice to say here, SAMS remained Last year’s activities were carried out open to continue our work to discover, against the background of Brexit and communicate and apply. climate change. The former did not influence us unduly, and I’m pleased I hope you enjoy our report.

Professor Nicholas JP Owens SAMS Director 6 7

At a Glance

Honorary Finance Research Fellows 17 Operating income Operating expenditure Trustees Tenants £11M £10.65M 12 45 SAMS members 267 Staff Activities 161

TAUGHT 3 PROGRAMMES £6,870K Total 700 Research income £1,627K Education income COMMERCIAL 67 contracts £1,448K Commercial income Other income £730K / Capital grants £322K FUNDED 118 research projects

Students PEER- 198 f y t 121 REVIEWED family The SAMS publications 5,413 131 10,331 Facebook friends YouTube videos Twitter followers

SCHOOL 130 527 pupils trained Staff Total Students 161 Total 198

ALGAL 37

CULTURES BSc Marine Science: 1,334 supplied PhD: l n , www.ccap.ac.uk Research: 64 MSc Aquaculture, Environment & Society: 30 1,150 5,180 222 Science support: 33 MRes Algal Biotech, Ecology Instagram followers LinkedIn followers Media mentions VISITORS *Other: 64 & Biology: 1 5,101 to the Ocean Explorer Centre

*Education, Enterprise, Professional Services, Management 8 9

The Covid-effect on research Research overview Dr Helena Reinardy In March 2020 I travelled to Longyearbyen in the High Arctic, carrying SAMS researchers study many aspects of We have been working on both a public corporate in my luggage newly designed primers for epigenetic marker genes. At the marine and coastal environment to further strategy and an internal research strategy during much the University Centre in Svalbard I conduced qPCR gene expression develop our understanding of how the ocean of the reporting period, trying to prepare for an uncertain analyses on polar cod larvae over a hectic four days, hastened by system works and the role our seas and global future outside the European Union. We have ambitious oceans play in the planetary ecosystem and plans to enhance our reputation for research excellence the sudden notification that the laboratory was closing due to the human society. Our team also develops solutions and to increase the impact and influence of our science. worsening COVID-19 pandemic sweeping through Europe. that help society manage the marine environment in We will apply our research expertise to the large global a sustainable manner and that support marine-based challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss and the I shortened the PCR protocol to the minimum and the final qPCR plate businesses with environmentally friendly know-how. need for sustainable food and energy for a still growing was run and saved, and the data was snatched away on a USB drive 15 We have a particular geographic focus on the North human population. minutes before the doors were closed and locked. The island was going Atlantic and Arctic oceans but conduct research all around the world. Towards the end of the reporting year we entered the into lockdown and I only had a couple of hours to pack up and leave coronavirus pandemic period that affected our research on the last plane. But I knew that exciting data was safe in my pocket, Internally we no longer operate in in many ways. While most our activities moved from the ready to be analysed. discipline-specific departments but in three laboratory to home-working in a virtual environment, a multi-disciplinary research areas that cover the substantial amount of field and laboratory work had to The research is part of a collaboration with Nord University and Tromsø discovery, underpinning and applied research be postponed or amended. The laboratory remained University investigating epigenetic changes in polar cod exposed to oil spectra that are of relevance to academia, open as we deliver frontline services with our governments, regulators, communities, NGOs monitoring work for harmful algae and had to maintain under climate change conditions. and industry. The following pages thus report our living cultures and resources. A substantial number some highlights from our Ocean Systems, of staff were furloughed but most of our researchers Dynamic Coasts and Blue Economy worked from home, focusing on data analysis, paper Research Areas. and proposal writing.

Ocean Systems Dynamic Coasts Blue Economy

Research Spectrum Discovery Underpinning Applied

Timescales Long Term Near Term Immediate

Enduser International Regulators & Industry(ies) Science/Panels Communities

Spatial Relevance Global/Basin Land-Sea-Shelf Site/Resource focus

Type of Impact Global Recognition Regional/National RegulatoryTools Agenda Setting Policy Industry Solutions

Figure: SAMS research is organised into three trans-disciplinary research areas. 10 11

Running AMOC Ocean Systems SAMS oceanographers published a series of papers outlining changes in the North Atlantic and the effect of a freshening Arctic on the Atlantic Overturning Meridonal Research Circulation (AMOC), the vast ocean current that carries heat from the tropics to the Arctic. This research area explores the key processes that Building on data from the RAPID ever mounted in the planet’s comprise the interconnected systems by which and OSNAP mooring arrays, second largest ocean and involves our oceans function. These processes range in deployed in 2004 and 2014 more than 30 partners, funded by respectively, and glider missions, the EU. It is being co-ordinated by scale from molecular to planetary and cover all ProfessorStuart Cunningham led Edinburgh University. scientific disciplines. Research topics include a research cruise (DY120) to the north east Atlantic under Covid-19 The research team will use an array Arctic science, large-scale oceanography, climate restrictions, which retrieved of hi-tech devices, including AUVs, moorings that had been at sea for to scan the deep ocean from the change, ecosystem function and marine plastics. 27 months. Arctic to South America. They want to assess the effects of 79 staff members and research students are interested in this The iAtlantic project, involving climate change on plants and research area, led by Professor Finlo Cottier and Dr Raeanne Miller. SAMS researchers, was also animals using genomics, physics, Ocean Systems Research Area consolidates core areas of activity launched during the reporting machine learning and other related to ocean circulation, climate change, ecosystem processes, period. The project is the biggest specialisms. impacts of a retreating cryosphere and marine plastics.

All eyes on the Arctic moving away from the source. functioning of the circadian clocks that Using satellite images, combined While this particular eddy’s surface The findings, published in the journal The Arctic ecosystem remained a Light dictates how marine organisms affect tourists and marine plankton alike. with AUV seabed data, the research temperature was similar to the Nature Climate Change, show how warm- major point of interest in this research behave, acting as a prompt for when to team calculated retreat rates of glacial surrounding water, masking it from water species increase and cold-water area, incorporating the oceanographic, migrate through the water column to find The research showed that the genes of ice for past 10 years. Two of the glaciers, satellites, its lower salt content made marine species become less successful as biological and chemical expertise food and avoid predators. It is hoped this copepods kept ticking even under snow- Kronebreen and Kongsbreen, have been it stand out in the glider readings. the global temperature rises. However, the among SAMS scientists. latest discovery will allow scientists to covered sea-ice and at a time when retreating by up to 300 metres per year, study also suggests that some cold-water better predict how an increase in light there is virtually no difference between some of the fastest retreat rates for SAMS oceanographer Dr Marie species will continue to thrive by seeking Professor Finlo Cottier was among penetrating the Arctic seas – a result of day and night. Whilst in the southern Svalbard glaciers. Porter, lead author on a report about refuge in cooler, deeper water. an influential group of scientists that the reducing sea ice cover brought on by Arctic, circadian clock genes generally the discovery, said her findings had produced a discussion paper on how climate change – will impact on marine cycled daily in the north, and only a few Discovering the ocean’s ‘hidden’ eddies implications for understanding the The robotics age the changing Arctic is linked to the communities. hundred miles from the North Pole, their SAMS scientists working with robotic distribution of nutrients that fuel SAMS AUVs, drones and gliders continue UK’s climate. clock had changed. gliders measured previously hidden the entire Arctic ecosystem. to patrol the coastal waters and open The findings, published in patches of water between the Arctic ocean, collecting data for oceanographic Professor Cottier was also part of a Communications Biology, also raise AUV unearths Arctic seabed and Atlantic oceans that could It’s getting hot out there studies, coastal mapping and harmful team behind a research paper based questions over how we currently survey SAMS scientists captured images from dramatically alter our understanding Professor Mike Burrows headed an algal blooms. on results of novel fieldwork working Arctic marine populations in winter, a seabed exposed for the first time in of how the ocean’s food web forms. international group of marine scientists during the depths of the constantly including commercially-important fish. thousands of years because of rapid that compiled the most comprehensive Representatives from the Centre of dark Arctic winter. Along with glacial ice retreat in the Arctic. Created in the northern part of the assessment of how ocean warming is Excellence for Sensing and Imaging Norwegian collaborators, SAMS The rhythm of life Barents Sea, as cooler and fresher affecting the mix of species in our ocean. Systems (CENSIS) visited SAMS during scientists switched off every source of A team of marine biologists led by Dr The research team, led by Dr John water from the Arctic moves south the reporting period to learn about the light – even from their ship – plunging Kim Last have discovered that despite Howe, used an Teledyne Gavia AUV to and becomes trapped within the Researchers from the UK, Japan, Australia, range of applications used by SAMS themselves into complete darkness, to permanent daylight during the Arctic get close to the edge of four glaciers in warmer and saltier water from the USA, Germany, Canada, South Africa researchers. examine the marine biology of the polar summer, internal biological clocks Svalbard. Atlantic, these eddies – circular and New Zealand analysed three million north. continue to provide the rhythm of life. movements of water that have records of thousands of species from 200 Graham Kerr, CENSIS technical director The results from the AUV survey, broken off from an ocean current – ecological communities across the globe. said: “We leave SAMS with a huge By then using a super sensitive light Researchers had previously suspected which include photographs, sonar measure roughly 30 kilometres across. amount of information. The staff here sensor developed at SAMS and echo that the daily cycles of biology would images and crucial oceanographic Reviewing data from 1985 – 2014, the working in technology are well qualified sounders to detect the presence of cease during the Arctic summer when information such as temperature and Despite their size, the eddies are invisible team showed how subtle changes in the and are involved in projects that you can organisms in the Barents Sea, they the sun is permanently above the salinity, have helped scientists to to satellites and had gone unnoticed until movement of species that prefer cold- see will have impacts.” discovered that marine creatures, from horizon and day and night become understand how the increasing rate of SAMS oceanographers picked up some water or warm-water, in response to rising tiny zooplankton to fish, reacted to even indistinguishable. They expected the lack melting caused by climate change is unusual readings during a trial mission of temperatures, made a big impact on the the smallest detection of light, often of a light-dark trigger to affect the proper affecting the seabed below the glaciers. a glider. global picture.

12 13

Research project focus Dynamic Coasts Marine Protected Area Management and Monitoring MarPAMM is an environment sampling and survey trip to the of damage and the recovery, project to develop tools for Malin Shelf. They collected ROV, SAMS UHI Bryden Centre PhD Research monitoring and managing a multibeam and grab samples in student Euan Mackenzie with Dr number of protected coastal addition to drop-down video to Clive Fox, Sarah Reed and Colin marine environments in Ireland, characterise benthic fauna around Abernethy used the AUV and The Dynamic Coasts Research Area Northern Ireland and Western Malin Head, Hempton’s Turbot mini-ROV to gather very high- Scotland. To manage Marine Bank and Innishtraul Island. They resolution survey data from the (RA) delivers natural and social science Protected Areas effectively also deployed a laser-scanner on impacted sites. to underpin the management of coastal requires knowledge on species the ROV Eltanin for very high- and habitats, realistic monitoring resolution imagery of wreck, In October Colin Abernethy, Dr and shelf seas ecosystems. approaches and technologies, sand wave and rocky reef Emily Venables and Dr John Howe and the support from coastal habitats. They found a new undertook an AUV survey in the Dynamic Coasts research currently comprises a portfolio of projects communities and businesses. site for flame shell nests and Firth of Lorn to identify skate and investigating coastal oceanography, the impacts of aquaculture on coastal SAMS staff contribute surveyed a sabellaria reef. rays and to provide high-resolution ecosystems, changes in natural communities and marine mammal ecology. habitat mapping and imagery and bathymetry of flapper A smaller number of projects are working on fish ecology and fisheries, communication work. Loch Carron was recently skate sites. This project, led by marine habitat mapping, invasive species ecology and marine social sciences. designated as a Scottish MPA James Thorburn from St Andrews, In May 2019 Dr John Howe after scallop dredging had produced excellent AUV-collected 68 staff members and research students were involved in this and Dr Clive Fox joined the RV damaged fragile flame shell photographs and augers well for research area. In the first part of the reporting year the leaders Celtic Explorer for a successful beds. To characterise the extent future deployments. were Dr Suzi Billing and Dr Clive Fox which later changed to Dr Tom Adams and Dr Helena Reinardy.

50 years Lorn Pelagic Observatory To reduce fossil fuel use, these could install wind turbines on Microplastics in Arabian Sea invertebrates Publications galore for fisheries PhD students In January 1970 Professor Paul Tett collected the first plankton their sites. There are concerns that such wind turbines could Dr Appalanaidu Sura from the National Centre for Fisheries PhD students, Jacob Bentley (UHI) and Ismet Saygu samples from what is now known as the Lorn Pelagic pose risks to birds attracted to fish farms for food or shelter. Coastal Marine Research, Ministry of Earth Science, India (C University, Turkey) had a great year with both being awarded Observatory (LPO), located off the Gregg Isles between Dr Steven Benjamins undertook a thought experiment with visited SAMS as a POGO Fellow, working alongside Professor their PhDs and producing seven peer-reviewed publications Dunstaffnage and Lismore. It is a salinity-stratified fjordic UHI colleague Dr Elizabeth Masden and Strathclyde engineer Bhavani Narayanaswamy. Their project focussed on identifying between them. They had used Ecopath software to model the site in the inner Firth of Lorn. The LPO is a long-term monitoring Dr Maurizio Collu to assess the impacts on coastal birds if a microplastics in benthic invertebrates from the Eastern Arabian marine foodwebs in the Irish Sea and Gulf of Mersin, Turkey. station where Professor Tett – and others – have been collecting generalised Scottish west coast fish farm integrated four small Sea, Indian Ocean. The fellowship provided training for Dr Sura Jacob’s Irish Sea model explores the combined effects of samples for phytoplankton and associated pelagic protozoa. It is wind turbines. They found that the potential risks to bird species and established links between SAMS and NCCR. environmental changes, food-web dynamics and fisheries the oldest such station in the UK. would depend on their abundance and behaviour, eg whether on stocks. they were attracted to aquaculture sites for feeding or resting, Fukushima fishers worry about release of treated water As plankton are sensitive indicators of changes in the ecosystem, whether they were night active and how manoeuvrable they It’s been 9 years since the earthquake, tsunami and nuclear His work has received attention from ICES, the organisation such a long time-series of plankton data helps us understand were. Large gulls and European shag were identified to be at disaster devastated Fukushima. As part of an ESRC-funded responsible for providing fisheries advice to the EU. Ismet the changing state of the pelagic habitat on the west coast of greatest potential risk, but large data gaps concerning how project, Dr Leslie Mabon and his collaborator Professor Midori explored the effects of changing trawl mesh sizes on the Scotland, identifying for example a decrease in the abundance Scottish seabirds interact with this significant and Kawabe of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology foodweb in the Bay of Mersin. The work also highlighted of diatoms in the Celtic Sea. The data from the LPO contributed widespread industry still remain. have been studying the recovery efforts and continued concerns how invasive species coming through the Suez Canal substantially to the development of a plankton life-form indicator of fishers and coastal communities in Fukushima. They found that affect the ecosystem in the eastern Mediterranean. as a policy-approved tool to assess pelagic biodiversity. In 2019 it How do mine tailings affect cod? fishers are very concerned over their livelihoods as the Japanese contributed to a publication on the first assessment of the pelagic Dr Helena Reinardy tested how mine tailings affect Atlantic Government prepares to release treated water stored at the Both students have since secured marine-related plankton community on a UK-wide scale (McQuatters-Gollop A…. cod embryos and larvae. She found mine tailings sticking to Fukushima site into the north-west Pacific Ocean. Postdoc positions. Jacob is working with the UN Tett P, 2019, Ecological Indicators 101: 913-925). the mature fish eggs, negatively affecting larvae and causing Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring epigenetic changes in the early life stages of cod. Developing research collaborations in Taiwan Centre in Cambridge while Ismet is taking up a research In the Year of Coasts and Waters Tett has been calling for the Dr Leslie Mabon has established new links with social position in the Azores. Supervision was by Drs Clive Fox, continued support for the LPO. Maintaining long-term monitoring Public collects coastal microplastic scientists in Taiwan, a coastal nation with big aspirations Natalia Serpetti and Professor Sheila Heymans. stations like the LPO is extremely valuable in times of rapid samples for SAMS research for offshore renewable energy. With his PhD student Yi-Chen climate and ecosystem change yet it is difficult to attract the Professor Bhavani Narayanaswamy and PhD student Lola Huang from Robert Gordon University and scholars from First year of small grant support necessary support. Paradinas have been studying seasonal and temporal variations National Yang Ming University and Academia Sinica he published Over the last year the Dynamic Coasts research area awarded in microplastic abundance along the north and west coast of a synthesis of environmental social science research conducted grants that helped support the successful setup of experiments How would wind turbines on fish farms affect seabirds? Scotland. To obtain samples from the entire area at the same in Taiwan. He also began collaborating with Taiwan’s Industrial on combined impacts of temperature and pH changes; a training With a growing blue economy, space in desirable coastal waters time, they trained and equipped a team of citizen scientists. Technology Research Institute (ITRI) on low-carbon energy workshop for SAMS staff on remotely-operated-vehicles; is becoming increasingly crowded. Fish farms are thus likely to Working with skilled volunteers enabled the research to cover infrastructure, and was invited to speak at an international attendance at an ICES Working Group; and a collaboration expand increasingly into more remote, exposed off-grid areas. a much wider area to monitor microplastic contamination levels. Public Outreach Forum for Geologic Carbon Storage in Taipei. visit to Hebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust. 14 15

bloom (HAB) predictions, researchers a changing climate. help of the humble sea cucumber. have trialled sea-based and airborne She plans an overhaul of the current methods of collecting water samples At the close of the reporting year, ‘nitrogen cycle’ process by which excess from sites. SAMS researchers plans were being made to offer a nitrogen in the form of animal waste involved in PRIMROSE are Professor PhD studentship to help achieve the from industries like agriculture and Blue Economy Research Keith Davidson, Dr Phil Anderson, Dr first UK installation of a FlowCytobot, aquaculture is turned back into an inert Callum Whyte. Dr Dmity Aleynik and producing high resolution phytoplankton gas and released into the atmosphere. Steve Gontarek. data for the early warning of HABs. Instead, Dr Robinson proposes a system This research area develops industry solutions and that will recycle this waste by using it to During the reporting year, SAMS Prestigious fellowship feed sea cucumbers and marine worms regulatory tools, channeling SAMS’ expertise in fundamental also received delivery of the UK’s first SAMS marine ecologist Dr Georgina – so-called deposit feeders – which can FlowCytobot, an automated, submersible Robinson was identified as rising star then be farmed as a high-protein food and applied marine science to support commercial users of the imaging flow cytometer that can of UK research when awarded a UK source for humans and livestock and marine environment to gain wealth from the oceans without generate images of phytoplankton and Research and Innovation (UKRI) may even be used to generate electricity. track harmful algal bloom events. Future Leaders Fellowship worth degrading the very system we all depend on. £1.2m to fund her research for the Sea cucumber has been referred to as a The aquaculture industry and next six years. superfood, as it is high in protein, low in associated policy makers require a fat and rich in vitamins and minerals. It Blue Economy Research 84 staff members and research students are involved in this rapid early warning of the development She is working to help address global is eaten throughout Asia and the Middle research area, led by Dr Adam Hughes and Dr Sally Rouse during the reporting period. of HABs and a better understanding of food shortage by recycling waste from East and there are studies currently their response to environmental forcing in food production industries – all with the investigating its medicinal qualities.

A new industry for Scotland travelled to Barcelona in December 2020, which modelled the effect that Often referred to as the seafood capital 2019 to present talks and posters at climate change and ocean acidification of Scotland, Oban took its place as the the world’s largest marine mammal would have on the industry in 117 seaweed capital of Scotland for two conference. countries worldwide. The authors of days in February 2020 as optimism the paper were Phoebe Stewart-Sinclair, and anticipation grew around a new The World Marine Mammal Conference Dr K Last, D Ben Payne and Dr Tom Scottish industry. brought together The European Cetacean Wilding. Society (ECS) and The Society for Marine The town hosted 180 attendees at Mammalogy (SMM) to attract leaders in Ocean acidification occurs as the fourth annual Scottish Seaweed the field from every continent. increasing amounts of carbon dioxide Industry Association (SSIA) meeting dissolve into our seas. This has an effect and the following day around 80 The gathering of interdisciplinary for many marine creatures, including delegates attended workshops at experts enabled discussion amongst commercially-important shellfish like SAMS to discuss the future of the marine mammal scientists and policy mussels, oysters and scallops. industry in Scotland. Researchers makers from more than 60 countries showcased the many areas of seaweed and was a key opportunity to foster Examining each country’s exposure to research ongoing at the institute and international partnerships and environmental changes, and the ability gave presentations on how it can collaborations. of each aquaculture sector to adapt, the support industry development. scientists’ model showed 2060 would The SAMS team, headed up by Professor mark a ‘tipping point’ in the viability of the The workshops were run through Ben Wilson, included Dr Denise Risch, current global shellfish industry. four research projects: GENIALG, the Dr Steven Benjamins, Dr Nienke van The model used in the study was socioenvironmental benefits of seaweed Geel and PhD students Charlotte based on the Representative farming; INTEGRATE, the capitalisation Findlay and Texa Sim. Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 Influencing global policy of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture scenario, in which the global average (IMTA) in the Atlantic Area; AquaVitae, The scientists spoke on subjects ranging temperature rises 3.7 degrees Celsius a survey on seaweed farming policy; and from acoustic deterrent devices (ADDs) by 2100, and drew on shellfish Around 95 per cent of the world’s Thanks to representation from the in Paris in May 2019 to secure a side a University of the Highlands and Islands and their effect on marine mammals to production figures data from the $12billion seaweed farming industry project, funded through UK Research meeting at the FAO’s Subcommittee Bryden Centre PhD looking at the social the future of the Bottlenose dolphins in United Nations’ Food and Agriculture is based in developing nations and and Innovation’s Global Challenges on aquaculture (COFI/AQ). acceptance of an economically viable the Sound of Barra. Organization (FAO). The model did not therefore susceptible to a lack of Research Fund, the Food and seaweed industry. include the potential increased threat biosecurity and the impacts of climate Agriculture Organisation (FAO) now At this meeting, the FAO pledged to Shellfish aquaculture faces tipping of disease in warming waters. change, such as ocean warming. At the intends to include seaweed alongside include aquatic plants in its Progressive As one of the keynote speakers on point same time, the industry is going through marine animals, such as finfish and Management Pathway, a management the opening day, Dr Zalina Dzhatieva The global shellfish aquaculture industry Tracking HABs with UK first a rapid expansion, which scientists fear shrimp, in producing advice on framework for aquaculture biosecurity. of Argyll and Bute Council presented may have just 40 years to adapt to the technology could confound the current problems. biosecurity, which aims to prevent It is being developed in conjunction a report compiled by SAMS, entitled changing climate as global warming, SAMS has been investigating how the spread of disease and pest species. with the World Organisation for Feasibility of Seaweed Farming ocean acidification and extreme robotics can help the aquaculture To this end, the SAMS-led Animal Health (OIE), the World in Argyll and Bute and Emergent weather events place an increasing industry to automate water sampling GlobalSeaweedSTAR project has Project lead Professor Elizabeth Bank, the Norwegian Agency Opportunities. risk to its viability. processes at farming sites. been the United Nation’s Food Cottier-Cook, who previously for Development Cooperation and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) authored an international policy (NORAD) and more than Marine mammals conference That was the conclusion of a SAMS As part of the PRIMROSE project, to work on global policy to help brief for seaweed cultivation, 25 other countries from The marine mammals team at SAMS research paper published in spring which exists to improve harmful algal safeguard the industry. addressed an FAO-led meeting around the world. 16 17

SAMS’ molecular work helps scientists to discover new applications for algae, with potential uses in fuel, food, medicine and pharmaceuticals.

SAMS operates an experimental seaweed farm for growing its own seaweed; the harvested Outstanding infrastructure for material has been used in research projects around the world. research and development of algae

The Culture Collection for Algae and Protozoa (CCAP), hosted by SAMS, is the UK’s algal library, SAMS grows seaweed in a dedicated nursery by initially winding seeded twine around a plastic maintaining around 3,000 strains of algae and protozoa for use in research and industry. pipe, before being deployed at our seaweed farm, or delivered to other farms. 18 19

2019 Prizes Education Johanna Fehling Memorial Prize: Graduation 2019 Mental health support PAUL DEES The Argyllshire Gathering Halls in The past year has seen a major effort Johanna Fehling Memorial Prize Oban were once again the backdrop to address student mental health issues. for a SAMS UHI graduation event. JACOB BENTLEY UHI has invested into access to digital mental health Friday 6 September 2019 was the date when support for all students and appointed a Mental Health the first two PhD students received their doctorate Officer who provides cross partner support, meeting Prize for Best ACES Dissertation awards from the University of the Highlands and regularly with registry officer for undergraduates, MARY ARNALDO Islands, with another four PhD students awarded Polly Crooks. We ran a ‘resilience’ training workshop their PhDs from the University of Aberdeen. During and produced reference materials for Personal the same event 17 Master degrees were awarded Academic Tutors. SAMS Council Award for Academic and 21 undergraduate students graduated with a Excellence BSc Marine Science qualification. The SAMS Graduate School arranged weekly welfare drop-in sessions for postgraduates, signposted local SIMON VON SACHSEN COBURG The graduation keynote was delivered by former and national resources in the new PGR students’ UND GOTHA BBC Newsnight science editor and SAMS trustee support handbook, updated the supervisors and Susan Watts, who first worked with SAMS during Personal Academic Tutor reference resources, the IceChaser cruise in 2008. and updated the SAMS intranet with all resources. SAMS Award for Overall Achievement ALISTAIR WALKER “I chose to study here because I wanted a PhD experience that was more Tim Boyd Prize for Polar Science personal and intimate. I wanted to be part of a university, which knew who FRED FLEET I was. The reputation of SAMS was also a factor in my decision. I have enjoyed the opportunity to broaden my knowledge by mixing with researchers from Highlands and Islands Student different marine science disciplines. I have had a fantastic experience studying Association Sports Club of the Year in such a beautiful location. It has been so much more than just a PhD.”

UHI WIND AND WAVE CLUB Dr Winnie Courtene-Jones

University of the Highlands and Islands Sporting Blues Awards IAIN WALSINGHAM AND JOE PENHAUL-SMITH

SAMS UHI Undergraduate Student of the Year Award The first two PhD graduates from the University of the Highlands and Islands were Dr Winnie ELEANOR LAWRIE SAMS UHI student of the year Eleanor Lawrie had paused her studies for two years to care Courtene-Jones (left) and Dr Andrea Garvetto (Back row: Michael Rayner, Professor Nicholas for her sick mother, Karen, before completing her Marine Science BScH with flying colours. Owens, Professor Neil Simco and Professor Bhavani Narayanaswamy) 20 21

Education... continued Marine Science BSc Course leader: Dr John Howe, Deputy: Dr Arlene Ditchfield

Student numbers ERASMUS exchanges A record 38 new students arrived to join the programme Five SAMS UHI students successfully applied to study in September 2019, of which 13 came from European Union at the University Centre in Svalbard, one of them for a full countries. We thus have now a total of 130 undergraduates, 12 months. Two students went to Van Hall Larenstein in eight more than last year. the Netherlands, again one for the entire 3rd year of their study. New VLE platform The largest change, requiring substantial effort on behalf At the same time we had eight students from Val Hall of all the teaching staff, was the change from Blackboard to Larenstein coming to study on our BSc programme, one Brightspace as the university’s Virtual Learning Environment. from the Natural History Museums-Paris and one from the Dr Stuart Simms successfully defended his PhD thesis, shown with his supervisor Led by Shona Magill, all lecturing staff had to be trained Universiy of Alicante. Dr David Green and external examiner Dr Tony Guiterrez from Heriot-Watt University. and supported to learn how to use this platform. Overall the transition went well and staff felt that Brightspace is a good Both incoming and outgoing Erasmus student reported platform. 100% overall satisfaction with their exchange experience.

Survey results Student accommodation Taught Masters Postgraduate research Our National Student Survey results, where we had scored Students have a number of accommodation options. 100% satisfaction for the past two years, dropped to 86%. Most stay in private accommodation. The SAMS ERASMUS Joint Masters in AquaCulture, Head of SAMS’ graduate school: Professor Some students were unhappy with issues in relation to Margaret Barnes Residence can accommodate up to Environment and Society (ACES+) Bhavani Narayanaswamy assessment feedback. Staff shortages after redundancies 11 students on site, while a private landlord operated Registry officer: Fiona Tindall/Anna Kane may also have contributed to the drop in satisfaction ratings. the Distillery Apartments in the centre of Oban as Programme Leader Professor Elizabeth Cottier-Cook In the Guardian league table 2020 UHI’s four courses in student accommodation for up to 22 students. The delivered a new module in ‘Managing Biological Lifecycles 36 students were registered on postgraduate Earth and Marine Sciences achieved 8th place nationally, Distillery Apartment arrangement came to an end in the – Micro and Macro Algae’ for the ACES+ course in the research programmes at SAMS during the reporting second in Scotland. summer of 2020. Student residencies are mostly allocated autumn of 2019. It is a unique module in Europe. year: 35 undertaking PhDs and one the MRes in Algal to first year students and those with additional needs. Biotechnology, Biology and Ecology. One MRes and Student exchanges At the beginning of the 2019-20 academic year, the fifth six PhD students started their research programmes in After three years of Coastal Carolina University (CCU) from cohort made up of 21 students hailing from 14 countries in October 2019, funded through IBioIC , SUPER DTP, E4 South Carolina, USA visiting SAMS for a 3-week field course Europe, North America, Asia and Africa joined the first year DTP and the Arctic PRIZE project. We also hosted a in May with their undergraduates, this year saw the signing of this 2-year programme. They spent six months at SAMS PhD student from Lews Castle College UHI. 10 students of an exchange agreement. Two third-year SAMS students before relocating to the University of Crete in Greece. completed and/or submitted their research during the subsequently studied at CCU for the first semester, learning “I believe both sets of students will Meanwhile the nine students in the second year studied reporting period. about topics such as shark biology and marshes not available in Nantes, France and undertook their dissertation at a at SAMS UHI. benefit greatly from being immersed partner and location of their choice. EU funding streams support nearly 40% of our in a different culture, both socially postgraduate research students, which is unlikely 20 of the first-year students were funded by Erasmus to continue post Brexit. This may result in a substantial and academically. I also hope all of Mundus Scholarships and one by the Scottish Aquaculture reduction in our PhD student numbers unless alternative Innovation Centre. funders emerge. these young academics find shared experiences and create international The Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency Research topics cover the entire spectrum of the European Commission has indicated that Brexit will of SAMS science. Students are also encouraged networks that last throughout their not affect ACES+ funding. to broaden their skills through a Professor careers.” development portfolio delivered by the SAMS MSc Industrial Biotechnolgy graduate school including training in GDPR, Dr John Howe - on the new exchange 13 students studying for an MSc in Industrial communications, library usage and health programme with Coastal Carolina University Biotechnology at the University of Strathclyde took an and safety. The UHI Graduate School offers optional blue biotechnology module that was delivered training in effective writing, delivering fully online in response to the coronavirus. seminars and viva preparations. 22 23

Enterprise & Innovation

SAMS Research Services Ltd (SRSL) We were very impressed and Providing solutions for an ocean in balance grateful for the speed and SAMS’ specialist marine consultancy supports individuals, industry and organisations that efficiency with which SRSL work with our seas to maximise productivity whilst safeguarding the marine environment. came to our assistance with Founded in 2002, SRSL is the infrastructure of a research laboratory SAMS’ commercial activities are hatchery water sampling, wholly-owned trading subsidiary for the benefit of our customers, so financially critical to SAMS to help providing the required and an integral part of SAMS. SRSL that they can improve their business fill the funding gap generated by operates at the interface between performance and reduce the conflicts research grants mostly not paying equipment and training at academic and business. This ‘innovation between their commercial activities and the full economic cost of the very short notice. space’ is recognised as an important the marine environment. research. area to stimulate employment, new businesses and wealth generation. SRSL provides a bespoke service In the reporting year SRSL had Kate MacKichan with all commercial projects operating a turnover of £1.488m allowing Environment Team Leader SRSL can leverage the expertise, under a strict ISO accredited quality it to contribute £233k to SAMS Scottish Sea Farms skills and knowledge of world-leading management framework (ISO9001 and to cover £867k of researcher scientists and the cutting-edge and ISO17025). salary costs.

Our activities in 2019-20

SRSL delivered 67 contracts in the reporting year. Throughout the year we observed a reduction in open tender work reflecting the uncertainty of Brexit and in the last quarter saw a coronavirus pandemic-related downturn in activities due to delays and cancellations in projects. Alongside delivering the core consultancy work, SRSL’s business plan focuses on building sustainable income streams in five areas of core activity.

Sea ice monitoring has adopted and specified its use and and have seen a doubling of enquiries. SIMBA is a tool that was designed we are working with the regulators by our polar scientists to estimate in Canada, Norway and Chile to Marine growth estimates the thickness and condition of sea adopt NewDEPOMOD as a preferred With partners in the offshore energy ice. SRSL commercially builds SIMBA modelling tool there too. We are sector, we are now delivering marine units for the polar ice research market also reviewing the potential for the growth assessment services and plan and has further improved the reliability commercialisation of Meramod (for to expand this offering to the wider oil of the units and the customer focus the Mediterranean) and Tropomod to and gas decommissioning and global of the team. We have expanded our further globalise our market. marine renewables markets. We capacity and capability during the invested considerable resources and reporting year and continue to Like SIMBA, NewDEPOMOD has effort to build capacity and capability research the potential of the unit for been through the HIE Pathfinder both within our team and through new flood and avalanche forecasting with programme during the reporting year academic and industrial partnerships. the Scottish Avalanche Information to focus future business and marketing This sector performed particularly Service and the Scottish Environmental activities. strongly this year. Protection Agency as partners. Seaweed hatchery Sea-lice modelling NewDEPOMOD The seaweed hatchery continued Marine Scotland Science requires sea Our aquaculture modelling software to supply seaweed ‘seed’ to a lice modelling for new and expanding NewDEPOMOD has been highly growing number of farmers, although fish farms and we thus continue to successful with annual licences sold the national industry itself is at a very operate the SAMS-developed sea lice not just in the UK but also in the early phase. In the reporting year we connectivity model for the industry. We USA, Norway, Chile, Canada and have continued to improve and refine have added a dedicated modeler to the Tasmania. The regulator in Scotland our nursery facilities and methodology team during the reporting year. 24 25

30th Annual This year’s Newth Lecturer, Dr Ibon Cancio, is from the Plentzia Marine Station of the University of the Basque Membership Newth Lecture Country, an EMBRC partner.

Communications & Development committee Scientia potentia est and marine biology is the proof SAMS Board recognises the importance of communication and engagement for the flourishing by Dr Ibon Cancio of SAMS and has thus set up a new committee to strategically advise on and guide activities. The main remits of this group, are communicating SAMS activities with the wider world, Our 30th annual Newth Lecture, engaging with all stakeholders, fundraising activities, and membership. Chaired by Susan Watts. delivered on 6th of December 2019 at SAMS in memory of former SAMS president Professor David Newth, Farewell to old friends & colleagues Current members was an animated whistle stop tour of the history of European marine stations. The lecture took the listeners John Blackstock joined the Association the Dunstaffnage laboratory. from the first station formed in 1843 in in 1969, originally to work with Harold John passed away on 5 June 2019. Ostend, Belgium to today, describing – Barnes as a biochemistry assistant with with musical interludes – their a focus on barnacles. But from early on Stafford Day LLB arrived at SAMS evolving purpose and contributions. John also published single author papers in 2010 following a short-lived attempt The speaker, Dr Ibon Cancio, also on invertebrate enzyme activity and to retire from a successful professional charted the importance of marine pollution, which saw him promoted to career as senior partner in legal firm science, in particular fisheries, Principal Scientific Officer. He became Tassels in Faversham, Kent, where 267 in transforming transnational project leader in ecological biochemistry he was known as a fearsome solicitor collaborations building and metal analysis and started advocate despite his gentle and on the spirit of the Challenger collaborating with Tom Pearson. humorous nature. He split his ‘retirement’ Expedition. He then made the This work focused on chemical and time between being SAMS’ legal case that marine science is ‘sexy’ biological monitoring of industrial secretary and a tour guide at Inveraray and ‘powerful’ as it enables people to activities and environmental pollution Castle. A rare ‘Dickensian’ gentleman, change the world with new knowledge, of the marine environment. When Stafford was a very popular and much technologies and industries. As faced with redundancy in the late respected member of the SAMS team. such, research funding into marine 1980s the two set up the environmental He passed away suddenly on 24 5 research should not be considered consultancy SEAS Ltd, operating out of October 2019, aged 74. as expenditure for governments but investment. An important message to Honorary & Life present to funders of marine research!

The presentation was recorded and 26 can be viewed on the SAMS YouTube channel at https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=H6w5Xm91VQY Corporate

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Students & unwaged SAMS Honorary Fellows 194 Dr Robert Batty Professor John Day Professor Angela Dr Ken Jones Professor David John Blackstock Stafford Day Dr Ruth Brennan Dr Stefan Gary Hatton Dr Ray Leakey Meldrum Ordinary Dr Susannah Calderan Dr John Gordon Professor Sheila Professor Jane Lewis Professor Geoff Moore Dr Clive Craik Dr Fiona Hannah Heymans Dr Andy McLeod Dr Pedro Murúa 26 27

Teacher question “What do you think about the future?”

Pupil answer “Bad. But I want it Public Engagement to be good.” Ocean Explorer Centre

We welcomed 5101 visitors to our the new contract. Due to the onset champion for school engagement Centre during the reporting period, of Covid-19 towards the end of the is microbiology support scientist which is 10% more than the previous reporting year, they have not yet Elaine Mitchell. year. As the facility is small, we are taken up their new tenancy. now at full capacity during the summer We also ran a number of events at months, when we have up to 110 visitors We delivered workshops to 527 the centre, including an Oban Winter a day which are as many as we can school children on topics including Festival activity’ by our ACES Masters reasonably engage with. We hosted microplastics, marine pollution, students highlighting where our seafood two interns in the summer of 2019 who seaweed and urchin biology, Loch comes from, several craft workshops wanted to learn about environmental Etive and Falls of Lora ecology and and seashore safaris. We also hosted a education and helped us staff the oceanography life on an Arctic large STEM event organised by Argyll Centre. The OEC is open every working expedition, robotics, flapper and Bute Council with local primary day 10am to 4pm, with reduced hours skate conservation and, for Highers schools where we contributed sessions during the winter. The centre and our pupils, workshops on careers in on marine microplastics and the shop were managed by Helen McNeill conservation and marine science. changing Arctic. supported by Elaine Walton and a Some of these workshops were number of staff volunteers. delivered off-site, for example in Due to the coronavirus pandemic, Northern Ireland for the MarPAMM we decided to close the facility from During the reporting year the contract project. Several staff members 19 March 2019. It remained closed with our café operators came to an contributed to delivering these throughout 2020. end and Argyll and Bute Council won workshops. The long-term SAMS

Our plastic oceans: children use art to talk about microplastics

Collaboration between SAMS tenant and share their findings and concerns microplastics from Bhavani and Lola, company Crùbag, SAMS and the widely. This project started when and cleaned a beach at Dunstaffnage children of years 6 and 7 of Taynuilt SAMS UHI marine science graduate to collect some of their own data. They and Kilchrenan Primary Schools and designer Jessica Giannotti from then learnt design and print making from developed a set of 24 microplastics- Crùbag teamed up with material and Jessica and Renuka, exploring the power inspired and fabric-covered notebooks textile designer Renuka Ramanujam of design to express themselves about to grow awareness of microplastics in to tell the story of microplastic pollution their concerns and hopes for the future. A full-sized female flapper skate model was produced as our oceans. through textile print. They invited a tool for the MarPAMM project to engage audiences in SAMS UHI Graduate and Founding Director of pupils from Taynuilt to learn about The notebooks are now on sale conversations about marine conservation of mobile species textile design tenant company Crùbag, Jessica Professor Bhavani Narayanaswamy microplastics. They toured SAMS through the Crùbag website, and Marine Protected Areas. ‘Flappy’ lives in the Ocean Gianotti, demonstrates the print making process and her PhD students, including Lola and the Ocean Explorer Centre with with a cut of the income going to the Explorer Centre but travels widely - last year from school to visiting primary school pupils learning about classes on the island of Ireland to the Scottish Government. microplastics. Paradinas, study the distribution of Dr Anuschka Miller, learned about the enterprising children: https://crubag. microplastics in the marine environment equipment used to research and monitor co.uk/collections/our-plastic-oceans 28 29

Our People SAMS hosts VIP visits

Influencing policy Sea change in research During the reporting year, SAMS hosted visits from influential chief executives and a member

at home and abroad area leadership of Her Majesty’s Government.

Seaweed and marine invasive species Drs Tom Adams and Lucie Novoveska took Professor Sir Mark Walport, then in his capacity expert Professor Elizabeth Cottier-Cook up posts as co-leaders (CoRALs) within the as UK Research and Innovation chief executive, has been advising government and NGOs Dynamic Coasts and Blue Economy research and the Minister for the Cabinet Office and de on the need for increased marine biosecurity areas, respectively, towards the end of the facto Deputy Prime Minister David Lidington measures. reporting period. MP both toured the facilities in the summer of 2019. As part of her GlobalSeaweedSTAR project Dr Adams’ current work makes use of computer ProfessorCottier-Cook presented to the United models of biological and physical processes, Professor Walport’s visit was part of a wider Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization mainly to investigate the environmental impacts University of the Highlands and Islands visit and (FAO) on the need for improved global and interactions of aquaculture in Scotland’s the former Government Chief Scientific Adviser biosecurity to protect the seaweed farming west coast environment. He succeeded Dr learned about the latest research in marine industry, which supports millions of people Clive Fox. renewable energy, Arctic studies, robotics and in developing nations. advances in sustainable food in the marine environment. Dr Novoveska is a senior researcher in algal She also spoke to the UK Parliament’s biotechnology and previously worked in industry. Mr Lidington had a whistle-stop tour of the Sir Environmental Audit Committee on John Murray Building with senior SAMS scientist invasive species and their management. Her research interests range from using Professor Mike Burrows. microalgae for wastewater treatment to sustainable production of high value compounds. In January 2020, VisitScotland chief executive Ruby anniversary Malcolm Roughead visited SAMS as part of his She took over from Dr Sally Rouse, who left annual ‘listening tour’ in what is Scotland’s Year of Norwegian link of Coasts and Waters. SAMS to lead an environmental advisory team A 40-year relationship between SAMS and a on offshore energy at Marine Scotland Science. Norwegian marine consultancy and research company was further strengthened in the summer of 2019 when the Nordic delegation A new Professor paid a visit to Dunstaffnage. Most cited researcher Bhavani Narayanaswamy became the newest The group from Akvaplan–niva gave a Professor at SAMS, when she was recognised Professor Michael Burrows was included in a presentation on their own work in the marine for her research in deep sea science and prestigious list of global scientists who have been environment and learned about the research microplastics, as well as developing the recognised for their research over the past decade. carried out at SAMS. graduate school at SAMS UHI.

Among the Norwegian party were the Originally from India, via Sussex, she joined Professor Burrows was named on the Highly Cited company’s founder Professor Stig Falk- SAMS in 2005. Over the course of her 20- Researchers list by citation database website Web Petersen, who first came to SAMS as a visiting year career, Professor Narayanaswamy has of Science. student in 1979, and company director Salve developed an international reputation for her Dahle, whose first experience of Oban was on research on deep sea and Arctic ecosystems honeymoon in 1975. and, more recently, the distribution and The annual list identifies researchers who abundance of microplastics in the world’s demonstrated significant influence in their chosen Also in attendance was Dr Sabine Cochrane, oceans. She has helped to attract over £5.3 field or fields through the publication of multiple a senior scientist with Akvaplan–niva who million of research funding to SAMS UHI highly cited papers during the last decade. Prof Sir Mark Walport discusses marine worked for the Scottish Environmental and has collaborated with researchers robotics with Prof Mark Inall during his Advisory Service Ltd. at the Dunstaffnage across the world. visit to SAMS site from 1988 to 1991. 30 31

Finance 2019/20 Financial performance Financial Summary 2019/20 2018/19 Change £000 £000 % The SAMS group achieved a surplus of £259k in the reporting period compared with a £2.2M deficit the year before. The surplus included a benefit from the reduction in our pensions liability of £743k. Excluding Operating Income 10,997 10,252 (7%) the movements in pension provision, SAMS made an operational deficit Operating Expenditure excluding grant funded depreciation (10,649) (10,6558) (1%) of £484k. Cash flow across the SAMS group increased by £0.607M.

Operating Surplus/(Deficit) before exceptional item 348 (306) Institutional Reform and Other income 199 Development Plan (IRDP) Pension Surplus / (Deficit) Obligation 743 (1,301)

The IRDP has been focusing on rebalancing and consolidating Depreciation funded by grants received in previous year (832) (797) the SAMS finances. Good progress has been made in particular with the introduction of Netsuite as the main software to track, Surplus/(Deficit) transferred to reserves 259 (2,205) report, manage and forecast SAMS’ overall and project specific financial performance and staff activities. Netsuite is now fully implemented and allows SAMS to develop more efficient processes. Research Research grants and contracts Future Leaders fellowship were Excellence Grant, that is meant brought in a total of £6.870M the largest new projects. With to fill the gap from funders who in the reporting year, of which £1.312M we also achieved do not pay the Full Economic 46% came from the Natural the highest income from the cost of delivering the research, Income over five years Environment Research Council. European Union in the past five fell to 0.986M from £1.143M the This was 12.25% more than in years, with Horizon 2020 income previous year because of a new 2018/19. The OSNAP DECADE up by 37% despite the looming way of distributing some of project and Georgina Robinson’s Brexit. Income from the Research the funds.

7,304 7,536 6.870 6,584 6,120

2,207 2,379 2,206 1,653 1,627 1,715 1,723 1,896 1,488 Enterprise 1,081 Education Education contributed £1.627M, SAMS Research Services Ltd achieved an income accounting for 17% of SAMS of £1.488M. This was less than forecast largely Research Education Commercial income from undergraduate, because of delays in the start dates of projects. Master and PhD programmes SRSL contributed a profit of £0.233M to SAMS as well as short courses and field and paid £0.867M towards the salary bill of station activities. The undergraduate SAMS employees. Sales from our algal culture BSc (Hons) Marine Science course collection, conferences and rents added £0.73M brought in £0.6M and PhD training to income and an additional £0.322M came from £0.883M. capital grants. 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 32 33

Gauthier S. (2020) Artificial light during Edwards M, Edgar G, Fox C, Halpern BS, geomorph.2020.107282 the polar night disrupts Arctic fish and Hiddink JG, Pinsky M, Batt R, Molinos JG, Peer-reviewed Cohen JH, Last KS, Waldie J, Pond DW zooplankton behaviour down to 200m Payne BL, Schoeman D, Stuart-Smith R, depth. Communications Biology, Vol 3, Poloczanska S (2019) Ocean community (2019) Loss of buoyancy control in the Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003- warming responses explained by thermal copepod Calanus finmarchicus. Plankton journal articles 020-0807-6 affinities and temperature gradients. Research Vol 41. Issue 5. PP787-790. Nature Climate Change Vol 9, Issue 12. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbz036 Biersma EM. Torres-Díaz C, Molina- PP1-5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558- Corrales X, Katsanevakis, Coll SM, & reviews Montenegro MA., Newsham KK. , Vidal 019-0631-5 MA, Collado GA, Acuña-Rodríguez IS, Heymans JJ, Piroddi C, Ofir E, Gal G. 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Global Biogeochemical Cycles Vol 33 Issue 8. http://doi. Dutkiewicz S, Hallegraeff G, Flynn KJ, project/ Plymouth. 30 PP. https://www.marlin. org/10.1029/2019GB006214 Legrand C, Paerl H, Silke J, Suikkanen Hop H, Cottier F, Berge J. (2019) ac.uk/assets/pdf/habitats/marlin_ S, Thompson P, Trainer VL (2019) Autonomous Marine Observatories in Bentley JW, Serpetti N, Fox C, Reid D, habitat_1190_2020-01-21.pdf Tuerena R, Ganeshram RS. Future HAB science: Directions Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Advances in Heymans JJ (2019) Modelling the food Humphreys MP, Browning T, and challenges in a changing Polar Ecology Vol 2, Springer.PP 515- web in the Irish Sea in the context of a Parks R, Swan S, Davidson K, Turner Bouman H, Piotrowski AP (2019) climate. Harmful Algae Vol 91. 533. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319- depleted commercial fish community. 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SAMS Staff 1st April 2019 to 31st March 2020

Professor Nicholas JP Owens Professor Keith Davidson Professor Ben Wilson David Guthrie (Director) (Associate Director Education) (Associate Director Research) (Head of Enterprise)

Professor Axel EJ Miller Professor Michele Stanley Susan Johnson Hugh Walker (Deputy Director) (Associate Director (Head of HR) (Director of Finance) Innovation)

Science Dr Kim Last Dr Daniela Catania Dr Mark Hart Isabel Cameron Dr Thomas Adams Dr Annie Linley Caroline Dalle Craig Livingstone Fiona Hart Dr Dmitry Aleynik Dr Leslie Mabon Estelle Dumont Sine Murray Janice MacEachen Kenneth Beaton Dr Alan MacDonald Joanna Field Alan Stewart Lorna Macpherson Dr Steven Benjamins Dr Adrian MacLeod Emily Firth Philip Thompson Ann-Maree McCubbin Dr Suzi Billing Dr Kati Michalek Mark James Dr Lindsay Vare Gillian McLuckie Stephanie Brain Dr Valeria Montalescot Shannon Lafferty Dr Rebecca Weeks Jocelyn Miller Dr Janina Brakel Dr Pedro Murua Andrade Karen MacKechnie Anja Wittich Sara Milton Dr Thomas Brown Professor Bhavani Eilidh MacLeod Justyna Przybysz Dr Kristin Burmeister Narayanaswamy Alison Mair Professional Services Sharyn Robertson Professor Michael Dr Joseph Nissimov Sharon McNeill Communications Joanna Slezak Burrows Dr Lucie Novoveska Elaine Mitchell Pauline Clifford Christine Smith Dr Iona Campbell Iona Paterson Callum O’Connell Andrew Crabb Dr Nicholas Carey Dr Marie-Mathilde Cecilia Rad Menendez Iona Harvey Health and Safety George Charalambides Perrineau Sarah Reed William Harvey Christopher Clay Professor Elizabeth Dr Marie Porter Christine Rolin Helen McNeill Cottier-Cook Claire Purdie Carla Ruiz Gonzalez Dr Anuschka Miller Human Resources Professor Finlo Cottier Dr Denise Risch Rachel Saxon Euan Paterson Karen Campbell Dr Mairi Cowan Dr Georgina Robinson Norman Smith Rachel Culver Professor Stuart Dr Michael Ross Sarah Swan Directorate Susan Ann Greenwood Cunningham Dr Sally Rouse Naomi Thomas Shona Clyne Shirley Kersley Dr Andrew Dale Dr Natalia Serpetti Dr Gail Twigg Nicola Cook Jacqueline Murray Dr Frederik De Boever Marieke Steuben Dale Dr Emily Venables Stafford Day Shona Peterson Dr Arlene Ditchfield Dr Martina Strittmatter Karen Wilson Elspbeth MacDonald Carmen Tempesta Maeve Eason Hubbard Dr Paul Tett QianYi Zhang Ann Arnot Mackenzie During the reporting year SAMS became a Cycle Friendly Sarah Forgrieve Dr Matthew Toberman Lorna MacKinnon ICT & Information Employer for our commitment to the high number of staff Dr Alan Fox Dr Nienke van Geel Education Fiona Tindall Services who cycle to and from work. The award from Cycling Dr Clive Fox Dr Callum Whyte Dr Philip Anderson Dr Paula Arce Dr Sofia Franco Dr Thomas Wilding Dr Helen Bury Facilities James Bacon Scotland comes after SAMS extended the cycle path Dr Neil Fraser Professor Mikhail Zubkov Polly Crooks Melvin Burnip Richard Dale leading to the campus, refurbished changing rooms and Dr Claire Gachon Dr David Hughes Alistair James Dr Stephen Fraser shower facilities on site and constructed a new cycle shed Dr David Green Technical Support Anna Kane Iain MacCorquodale Steven Gontarek Dr Jordan Grigor Dr Richard Abell Shona Magill James MacEwan Nigel MacLucas and bike repair station. Staff also formed a Bicycle Users Dr Laura Hobbs Colin Abernethy Leah Morrison Jordan MacKay Daniel Madej Group to best reflect the needs of those cycling to work. Dr Max Holloway Dr Christopher Allen Dr Helena Reinardy Kenneth MacLean Dr John Howe Rachel Allen Joanne Robinson Dr Adam Hughes John Beaton Financial Support Professor Mark Inall Christine Beveridge Enterprise Services Dr Clare Johnson Timothy Brand Thomas Brook Alice Aspinall Dr Sam Jones Lars Brunner Iain Gatward Adrian Beard Dr Philip Kerrison Christine Campbell Dr Hannah Grist Derek Black Get in touch

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