COMMON OF NAMAQUALAND Namaqualand has a great variety of snakes with most of them not considered dangerous. Four can inflict painful bites while three species can be considered very dangerous.

VERY DANGEROUS MILDLY HARMLESS DANGEROUS VENOMOUS Has caused Painful bite, but does Not thought Not dangerous human fatalities not require antivenom to be harmful to humans

VERY VERY VERY VERY DANGEROUS DANGEROUS DANGEROUS DANGEROUS Cape Cape Cobra Cape Cobra - juvenile Cape Cobra (Naja nivea) (Naja nivea) (Naja nivea) Photo Marius Burger (Naja nivea)

VERY VERY DANGEROUS DANGEROUS DANGEROUS DANGEROUS Black Spitting Cobra Puff Adder Many-horned Adder Horned Adder (Naja nigricincta woodi) Photo Marius Burger (Bitis arietans arietans) (Bitis cornuta) (Bitis caudalis)

MILDLY MILDLY DANGEROUS DANGEROUS VENOMOUS VENOMOUS Coral Shield Cobra Namaqua Dwarf Adder Beetz’s Tiger Dwarf Beaked Snake ( lubricus lubricus) (Bitis schneideri) (Telescopus beetzii) (Dipsina multimaculata)

MILDLY HARMLESS CAN INFLICT VENOMOUS HARMLESS A NASTY BITE Karoo Sand Snake Brown House Snake Rhombic Egg-eater Mole Snake (Psammophis notostictus) (Boaedon capensis) (Dasypeltis scabra) (Pseudaspis cana) © Johan Marais African Snakebite Institute Snakebite African © Johan Marais

JOHAN MARAIS is the author of various books on including the best-seller A Complete Guide to Snakes of Southern Africa. He is a popular public speaker and offers a variety of courses including Snake Awareness, Scorpion Awareness EMERGENCY PROTOCOL and Venomous Snake Handling. Johan is accredited by the International Society of Zoological Sciences (ISZS) and is a IN THE EVENT OF A SNAKE BITE Field Guides Association of Southern Africa (FGASA) and DO NOT ww Travel Doctor-approved service provider. His courses are 1 Keep the victim calm, immobilized and ... apply a tourniquet. also accredited by the Health Professions Council of transport the victim to the closest ... cut and suck the wound. South Africa (HPCSA). ... use ice or very hot water. hospital without delay. ... give the victim alcohol. ... apply electric shock. 2 If the victim stops breathing, resort to ... inject antivenom randomly. artificial respiration or make use of a Antivenom (if required) must Johan Marais | African Snakebite Institute Bag Valve Mask. be administered by a doctor +27 82 494 2039 | [email protected] 3 Call the Poison Information Centre help- in a hospital environment. www.AFRICANSNAKEBITEINSTITUTE.com line for further advice: 0861 555 777.