Namaqualand Common Snakes

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Namaqualand Common Snakes COMMON SNAKES OF NAMAQUALAND Namaqualand has a great variety of snakes with most of them not considered dangerous. Four species can inflict painful bites while three species can be considered very dangerous. VERY DANGEROUS MILDLY HARMLESS DANGEROUS VENOMOUS Has caused Painful bite, but does Not thought Not dangerous human fatalities not require antivenom to be harmful to humans VERY VERY VERY VERY DANGEROUS DANGEROUS DANGEROUS DANGEROUS Cape Cobra Cape Cobra Cape Cobra - juvenile Cape Cobra (Naja nivea) (Naja nivea) (Naja nivea) Photo Marius Burger (Naja nivea) VERY VERY DANGEROUS DANGEROUS DANGEROUS DANGEROUS Black Spitting Cobra Puff Adder Many-horned Adder Horned Adder (Naja nigricincta woodi) Photo Marius Burger (Bitis arietans arietans) (Bitis cornuta) (Bitis caudalis) MILDLY MILDLY DANGEROUS DANGEROUS VENOMOUS VENOMOUS Coral Shield Cobra Namaqua Dwarf Adder Beetz’s Tiger Snake Dwarf Beaked Snake (Aspidelaps lubricus lubricus) (Bitis schneideri) (Telescopus beetzii) (Dipsina multimaculata) MILDLY HARMLESS CAN INFLICT VENOMOUS HARMLESS A NASTY BITE Karoo Sand Snake Brown House Snake Rhombic Egg-eater Mole Snake (Psammophis notostictus) (Boaedon capensis) (Dasypeltis scabra) (Pseudaspis cana) © Johan Marais African Snakebite Institute Snakebite African © Johan Marais JOHAN MARAIS is the author of various books on reptiles including the best-seller A Complete Guide to Snakes of Southern Africa. He is a popular public speaker and offers a variety of courses including Snake Awareness, Scorpion Awareness EMERGENCY PROTOCOL and Venomous Snake Handling. Johan is accredited by the International Society of Zoological Sciences (ISZS) and is a IN THE EVENT OF A SNAKE BITE Field Guides Association of Southern Africa (FGASA) and DO NOT ww Travel Doctor-approved service provider. His courses are 1 Keep the victim calm, immobilized and ... apply a tourniquet. also accredited by the Health Professions Council of ... cut and suck the wound. transport the victim to the closest South Africa (HPCSA). ... use ice or very hot water. hospital without delay. ... give the victim alcohol. ... apply electric shock. 2 If the victim stops breathing, resort to ... inject antivenom randomly. artificial respiration or make use of a Antivenom (if required) must Johan Marais | African Snakebite Institute Bag Valve Mask. be administered by a doctor +27 82 494 2039 | [email protected] 3 Call the Poison Information Centre help- in a hospital environment. www.AFRICANSNAKEBITEINSTITUTE.com line for further advice: 0861 555 777..
Recommended publications
  • Os Répteis De Angola: História, Diversidade, Endemismo E Hotspots
    CAPÍTULO 13 OS RÉPTEIS DE ANGOLA: HISTÓRIA, DIVERSIDADE, ENDEMISMO E HOTSPOTS William R. Branch1,2, Pedro Vaz Pinto3,4, Ninda Baptista1,4,5 e Werner Conradie1,6,7 Resumo O estado actual do conhecimento sobre a diversidade dos répteis de Angola é aqui tratada no contexto da história da investigação herpe‑ tológica no país. A diversidade de répteis é comparada com a diversidade conhecida em regiões adjacentes de modo a permitir esclarecer questões taxonómicas e padrões biogeográficos. No final do século xix, mais de 67% dos répteis angolanos encontravam‑se descritos. Os estudos estag‑ naram durante o século seguinte, mas aumentaram na última década. Actualmente, são conhecidos pelo menos 278 répteis, mas foram feitas numerosas novas descobertas durante levantamentos recentes e muitas espécies novas aguardam descrição. Embora a diversidade dos lagartos e das cobras seja praticamente idêntica, a maioria das novas descobertas verifica‑se nos lagartos, particularmente nas osgas e lacertídeos. Destacam‑ ‑se aqui os répteis angolanos mal conhecidos e outros de regiões adjacentes que possam ocorrer no país. A maioria dos répteis endémicos angolanos é constituída por lagartos e encontra ‑se associada à escarpa e à região árida do Sudoeste. Está em curso a identificação de hotspots de diversidade de 1 National Geographic Okavango Wilderness Project, Wild Bird Trust, South Africa 2 Research Associate, Department of Zoology, P.O. Box 77000, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa 3 Fundação Kissama, Rua 60, Casa 560, Lar do Patriota, Luanda, Angola 4 CIBIO ‑InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485 ‑661 Vairão, Portugal 5 ISCED, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Educação da Huíla, Rua Sarmento Rodrigues s/n, Lubango, Angola 6 School of Natural Resource Management, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University, George 6530, South Africa 7 Port Elizabeth Museum (Bayworld), P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Early German Herpetological Observations and Explorations in Southern Africa, with Special Reference to the Zoological Museum of Berlin
    Bonner zoologische Beiträge Band 52 (2003) Heft 3/4 Seiten 193–214 Bonn, November 2004 Early German Herpetological Observations and Explorations in Southern Africa, With Special Reference to the Zoological Museum of Berlin Aaron M. BAUER Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA Abstract. The earliest herpetological records made by Germans in southern Africa were casual observations of common species around Cape Town made by employees of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) during the mid- to late Seven- teenth Century. Most of these records were merely brief descriptions or lists of common names, but detailed illustrations of many reptiles were executed by two German illustrators in the employ of the VOC, Heinrich CLAUDIUS and Johannes SCHUMACHER. CLAUDIUS, who accompanied Simon VAN DER STEL to Namaqualand in 1685, left an especially impor- tant body of herpetological illustrations which are here listed and identified to species. One of the last Germans to work for the Dutch in South Africa was Martin Hinrich Carl LICHTENSTEIN who served as a physician and tutor to the last Dutch governor of the Cape from 1802 to 1806. Although he did not collect any herpetological specimens himself, LICHTENSTEIN, who became the director of the Zoological Museum in Berlin in 1813, influenced many subsequent workers to undertake employment and/or expeditions in southern Africa. Among the early collectors were Karl BERGIUS and Ludwig KREBS. Both collected material that is still extant in the Berlin collection today, including a small number of reptile types. Because of LICHTENSTEIN’S emphasis on specimens as items for sale to other museums rather than as subjects for study, many species first collected by KREBS were only described much later on the basis of material ob- tained by other, mostly British, collectors.
    [Show full text]
  • First Osteosarcoma Reported from a New World Elapid Snake and Review of Reptilian Bony
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/461202; this version posted November 4, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 First Osteosarcoma Reported from a New World Elapid Snake and Review of Reptilian Bony 2 Tumors 3 Alexander S. Hall1,2,3, Justin L. Jacobs1, and Eric N. Smith1 4 5 Suggested running head: Elapid osteosarcoma 6 7 8 1Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA 9 2Present address: Thermo Fisher Scientific, 16700 Park Row Drive, Houston, Texas 77084, USA 10 3Corresponding author. Phone number: 713-375-1318. E-mail: [email protected] 11 12 Running Head: Elapid Osteosarcoma bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/461202; this version posted November 4, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Elapid Osteosarcoma 2 13 Abstract 14 Cancer chiefly occurs in vertebrates. Rare in amphibians, and perhaps common in 15 reptiles, various neoplasms and malignant cancers have been reported with erratic frequency by 16 museums, paleontologists, veterinarians, and pet hobbyists. Unsurprisingly, most herpetofaunal 17 diversity has never been systematically surveyed for the presence of neoplasms owing to the 18 extreme rarity or obscurity of many species.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Trail N°26
    The defaunation bulletin Quarterly information and analysis report on animal poaching and smuggling n°26. Events from the 1st July to the 30th September, 2019 Published on April 30, 2020 Original version in French 1 On the Trail n°26. Robin des Bois Carried out by Robin des Bois (Robin Hood) with the support of the Brigitte Bardot Foundation, the Franz Weber Foundation and of the Ministry of Ecological and Solidarity Transition, France reconnue d’utilité publique 28, rue Vineuse - 75116 Paris Tél : 01 45 05 14 60 www.fondationbrigittebardot.fr “On the Trail“, the defaunation magazine, aims to get out of the drip of daily news to draw up every three months an organized and analyzed survey of poaching, smuggling and worldwide market of animal species protected by national laws and international conventions. “ On the Trail “ highlights the new weapons of plunderers, the new modus operandi of smugglers, rumours intended to attract humans consumers of animals and their by-products.“ On the Trail “ gathers and disseminates feedback from institutions, individuals and NGOs that fight against poaching and smuggling. End to end, the “ On the Trail “ are the biological, social, ethnological, police, customs, legal and financial chronicle of poaching and other conflicts between humanity and animality. Previous issues in English http://www.robindesbois.org/en/a-la-trace-bulletin-dinformation-et-danalyses-sur-le-braconnage-et-la-contrebande/ Previous issues in French http://www.robindesbois.org/a-la-trace-bulletin-dinformation-et-danalyses-sur-le-braconnage-et-la-contrebande/
    [Show full text]
  • Anolis Equestris) Should Be Removed When Face of a Watch
    VOLUME 15, NUMBER 4 DECEMBER 2008 ONSERVATION AUANATURAL ISTORY AND USBANDRY OF EPTILES IC G, N H , H R International Reptile Conservation Foundation www.IRCF.org Central Netted Dragons (Ctenophorus nuchalis) from Australia are popular in captivity due to their striking appearance and great temperament. See article on p. 226. Known variously as Peters’ Forest Dragon, Doria’s Anglehead Lizard, or Abbott’s Anglehead Lizard (depending on subspecies), Gonocephalus doriae is known from southern Thailand, western Malaysia, and Indonesia west of Wallace’s Line SHANNON PLUMMER (a biogeographic division between islands associated with Asia and those with plants and animals more closely related to those on Australia). They live in remaining forested areas to elevations of 1,600 m (4,800 ft), where they spend most of their time high in trees near streams, either clinging to vertical trunks or sitting on the ends of thin branches. Their conservation status has not been assessed. MICHAEL KERN KENNETH L. KRYSKO KRISTA MOUGEY Newly hatched Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) on the Invasive Knight Anoles (Anolis equestris) should be removed when face of a watch. See article on p. 204. encountered in the wild. See article on p. 212. MARK DE SILVA Grenada Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) remain abundant on many of the Grenadine Islands despite the fact that virtually all forested portions of the islands were cleared for agriculture during colonial times. This individual is from Mayreau. See article on p. 198. WIKIPEDIA.ORG JOSHUA M. KAPFER Of the snakes that occur in the upper midwestern United States, Populations of the Caspian Seal (Pusa caspica) have declined by 90% JOHN BINNS Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) are arguably the most impressive in in the last 100 years due to unsustainable hunting and habitat degra- Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) are frequently edificarian on Grand Cayman.
    [Show full text]
  • Ch. 15 Classification Systems Why Classify?
    Ch. 15 Classification Systems Taxonomy Why Classify? • 2.5 million known species! • Another 20 million unknown species! • We need a system of biological classification that names and orders organisms in a logical manner. – Universally accepted name. – Groups with real biological meaning 1 Biological Classification • Early biological classification used a lot of detail. – Example: “Oak with deeply divided leaves that have no hairs on their undersides and no teeth around their edges” – Problems with this system • Too difficult to use. • Different scientists used different descriptions for the same organism. • Latin is used in classification. – Understood by scientists everywhere. Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linne) • Binomial nomenclature – Each organism has a two part name. – Genus species – Must be italicized – The first letter of the genus must be capital. – Examples: Acer rubrum (red maple), Acer palmatum (leaf that resembles a human hand) 2 Carolus Linnaeus • Organisms that share characteristics are grouped together. • Taxa – the group to which an organism is assigned. • Taxonomy – the science of naming organisms and assigning them to these groups. • Current classification rules governed by the International Codes of Zoological or of Botonical Nomenclature (ICZN or ICBN) Linnaeus’ Classification System – Hierarchy • Species – population of organisms that share similar characteristics and that can breed with one another.** 3 Linnaeus’ Classification System – Hierarchy • Genus – Similar species but cannot breed with one another. – Examples: Felis domesticus (house cat) and Felis concolor (mountain lion) – Examples: Ursus arctos (Grizzly bear) and Ursus americanus (Black bear) • Similar feet, teeth and claws but are distinct species. Linnaeus’ Classification System – Hierarchy • Families – Groups of genera (genus plural) which share many common characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • The Herpetological Journal
    Volume 8, Number 3 July 1998 ISSN 0268-0130 THE HERPETOLOGICAL JOURNAL Published by the Indexed in BRITISH HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY Current Contents Th e Herpetological Jo urnal is published quarterly by the British Herpetological Society and is issued freeto members. Articles are listed in Current Awareness in Biological Sciences, Current Contents, Science Citation Index and Zoological Record. Applications to purchase copies and/or for details of membership should be made to the Hon. Secretary, British Herpetological Society, The Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NWl 4RY, UK. Instructions to authors are printed inside the back cover. All contributions should be addressed to the Editor (address below). Editor: Richard A. Griffiths, The Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK Associate Editor: Leigh Gillett Editorial Board: Pim Arntzen (Oporto) Donald Broadley (Zimbabwe) John Cooper (Wellingborough) John Davenport (Millport) Andrew Gardner (Oman) Tim Halliday (Milton Keynes) Michael Klemens (New York) Colin McCarthy (London) Andrew Milner (London) Henk Strijbosch (Nijmegen) Richard Tinsley (Bristol) BRITISH HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY Copyright It is a fundamental condition that submitted manuscripts have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright for their article is transferred to the publisher if and when the article is accepted for publication. The copyright covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints and photographic reproductions. Permission for any such activities must be sought in advance from the Editor. ADVERTISEMENTS The Herpetological Journal accepts advertisements subject to approval of contents by the Editor, to whom enquiries should be addressed.
    [Show full text]
  • Rj REPORT on SOME SNAKES FOUND in NAMIBIA\
    rJ REPORT ON SOME SNAKES FOUND IN NAMIBIA\ Emanuele Cimatti, square kilometres with about 480 reptile species, of Via Volterra 1, which 143 are snakes. Namibia covers an area of 40135 Bologna, /ta/iii. 825.418 square kilometres and it represents only Email: [email protected] about l / 4 of the whole Southern African Subcontinent: in spite of that, it has a very rich herpetofauna, with INTRODUCTION about 80 different snakes. During August 2000, my girlfriend, some friends and myself visited Namibia for one month. It was not Namibia has a typical semi-desert climate, with gene­ specifically a herpetological journey but I could take rally hot days and cool nights. There is a rainy season the opportunity whilst in Namibia, to search for rep­ from October to April: the rest of the year is always tiles, especially snakes. Our journey started from cloudless and dry (300 days of sunshine a year!). Du­ Windhoek and we visited the South of Namibia as far ring the rainy summer, the temperature can rise to as the Fish River Canyon National Park, the central­ over 40°C; winter days are pleasantly warm but the coastal area from Luderitz to Swakopmund along the temperature can drop to 0°C at night, in particular on great Namib-Naukluft Park, the North-western area the central high plains. The coast has a cool climate (Damaraland and Kaokoland) and the North-central with dense fog from the Atlantic Ocean. region (from Etosha National Park to Windhoek). We didn't visit the North-eastern area because of its du­ The Namibian environment can be divided into 5 bio­ bious safety.
    [Show full text]
  • How the Cobra Got Its Flesh-Eating Venom: Cytotoxicity As a Defensive Innovation and Its Co-Evolution with Hooding, Aposematic Marking, and Spitting
    toxins Article How the Cobra Got Its Flesh-Eating Venom: Cytotoxicity as a Defensive Innovation and Its Co-Evolution with Hooding, Aposematic Marking, and Spitting Nadya Panagides 1,†, Timothy N.W. Jackson 1,†, Maria P. Ikonomopoulou 2,3,†, Kevin Arbuckle 4,†, Rudolf Pretzler 1,†, Daryl C. Yang 5,†, Syed A. Ali 1,6, Ivan Koludarov 1, James Dobson 1, Brittany Sanker 1, Angelique Asselin 1, Renan C. Santana 1, Iwan Hendrikx 1, Harold van der Ploeg 7, Jeremie Tai-A-Pin 8, Romilly van den Bergh 9, Harald M.I. Kerkkamp 10, Freek J. Vonk 9, Arno Naude 11, Morné A. Strydom 12,13, Louis Jacobsz 14, Nathan Dunstan 15, Marc Jaeger 16, Wayne C. Hodgson 5, John Miles 2,3,17,‡ and Bryan G. Fry 1,*,‡ 1 Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; [email protected] (N.P.); [email protected] (T.N.W.J.); [email protected] (R.P.); [email protected] (S.A.A.); [email protected] (I.K.); [email protected] (J.D.); [email protected] (B.S.); [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (R.C.S.); [email protected] (I.H.) 2 QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Herston, QLD 4049, Australia; [email protected] (M.P.I.); [email protected] (J.M.) 3 School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4002, Australia 4 Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; [email protected] 5 Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University,
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Jones B Msc
    Bangor University MASTERS BY RESEARCH The Evolution of Defensive Strategies in Cobras Jones, Bryony Award date: 2017 Awarding institution: Bangor University Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 28. Sep. 2021 The Evolution of Defensive Strategies in Cobras Bryony Jones Supervisor: Dr Wolfgang Wüster Thesis submitted for the degree of Masters of Science by Research Biological Sciences The Evolution of Defensive Strategies in Cobras Abstract Species use multiple defensive strategies aimed at different sensory systems depending on the level of threat, type of predator and options for escape. The core cobra clade is a group of highly venomous Elapids that share defensive characteristics, containing true cobras of the genus Naja and related genera Aspidelaps, Hemachatus, Walterinnesia and Pseudohaje. Species combine the use of three visual and chemical strategies to prevent predation from a distance: spitting venom, hooding and aposematic patterns.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter of the Herpetological Association of Africa
    AFRICAN HERP NEWS Number 46 DECEMBER 2008 CONTENTS EDITORIAL .............................................................................. Newsletter of the ARTICLES TARRANT, J. Assessment of threatened South African frogs. Herpetological Association of Africa Is chytridiomycosis a threat? ...................................................... 2 NATURAL HISTORY NOTES CUNNINGHAM, P.L. Uromastyx aegyptiacus macrolepis (Blanford, 1874). Prey... ............................................................. 12 BROADLEY, S. Acanthocercus atricollis (A. Smith, 1849). Acacia gum diet . .. .. .. .. 15 WITBERG, M., & VANZYL, R. Lamprophisfuscus Boulenger, 1893. Colour variation . 16 SCHULTZ, D. Aspidelaps !. lubricus (Laurenti, 1768). Shamming death and other displays . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 SCHULTZ, D. Naja mossambica Peters, 1854. Cannibalism . .. 20 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIONS PIETERSEN, D.W., HAVEMANN, C.P., RETIEF, T.A., & DAVIES, J.P. Leptopelis natalensis (A. Smith, 1849) . .. ... .. .. .. ..... 22 WITBERG, M., & VANZYL, R. Lygodacty/us capensis capensis (A. Smith, 1849). Introduced population .. .. .. 23 LITSCHKA, T., KOEN, C., & MONADJEM, A. Zygaspis vandami arenicola Broadley & Broadley, 1997 . 24 INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS ... ................................................. 26 MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION FORM............................................ 28 Number 46 DECEMBER 2008 ISSN I 07-6187 HERPETOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF AFRICA http://www.wits.ac.za/haa AFRICAN HERP NEWS 45, JULY 2008 FOUNDED 1965 The HAA is dedicated to the study and
    [Show full text]
  • Aspidelaps Lubricus
    Aspidelaps lubricus , commonly known as the Aspidelaps lubricus Cape coral snake or the Cape coral cobra, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is endemic to parts of southern Africa.[2] Geographic range and habitat Scientific Classification A. lubricus is found in regions of the Karoo, former Cape Province, and all the way up into Namibia. It mostly inhabits very arid regions, like deserts Kingdom: Anamalia and rocky/sandy ecosystems. These areas within South Africa within the Karoo are known for low predictable rainfall and little vegetation, mostly Phylum: Cordata [4] shrubs and scrubs. Class: Reptilia Order: Squamata Taxonomy Suborder: Serpentes Family: Elapidae Etymology Geunus Aspidelaps The subspecific name, cowlesi, is in honor of African-born American Subgenus: A. lubricus [5] herpetologist Raymond Bridgman Cowles. Binomial Name Description Gonyosoma boulengeri A. lubricus is a relatively small, slender bodied snake, around 1.6–2.0 ft (Mocquard, 1897) (49–61 cm) in total length (including tail), with some growing up to 2.5 ft (76 cm) in some cases. The Cape coral snake is a small elapid, which means that it is a part of a family of venomous snakes that are usually found within tropical or sub-tropical regions around the globe. It has an enlarged rostral scale, which is the scale located at the front of the snout above the mouth opening on the snake. The head relative to the body is very short, making it very easy to distinguish it from the neck and rest of the snake. Colors range from red-orange to yellow, slightly resembling the coloration patterns seen on some species of corn snakes.
    [Show full text]