Network Concepts

Unit 3, Chapter 4 Technologies Ethernet Technologies: IEEE Standard 802.3 Ethernet Technologies: Selected IEEE 802.3 Standards Format

802.3 – limited to 1500 bytes Ethernet II- larger than 1500 bytes (8 byte preamble) – Used by Xerox, DEC and Novell Ethernet Frame Preamble (7 bytes) – help listening stations synchronize quickly on the new data stream. SFD (1 byte) – Start Frame Delimiter Destination Address (6 bytes) – destination MAC address of the station that is to receive the frame Source Address (6 bytes) – MAC address of the source station transmitting the frame. Length (2 bytes) – the number of bytes in the Data fiels. Data (46 to 1500 bytes) – area where all data from the upper networking layers is carried. FCS (4 bytes) – Frame check sequence – used to determine the validity of the received Ethernet frame. Interframe Gap

Self-imposed quiet time appended to the end of every frame Give the network media a chance to stabilize and other network components time to process the frame 10 Mps Ethernet – 9.6 microseconds Interframe Gap CSMA/CD: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection

Technique used to share access to the available . No Collision During Frame – Station listens waiting for an idle period – Station begins transmitting the frame (one bit at a time) – One or more stations receive and process the frame – Terminating resistor absorbs the signal at the end of the segment. Collision during the Frame – A new station begins transmitting is town frame (while another is transmitting) – Electronic signals collide causing signal and energy distortions. – Sensed by the Ethernet – Station begin a random waiting period – Transmit again CSMA/CD: Multiple Access CSMA/CD: Collision CSMA/CD: Collision Detection (Backoff Algorithm) 10 MBPS Ethernet

1st 3 widely use Ethernet technologies 10base5 10baseT Ethernet Technologies: Protocol Data Unit 10 Mbps Ethernet: 10 Mbps Ethernet Technologies – 10Base5 10 Mbps Ethernet: 10 Mbps Ethernet Technologies – 10Base2 10 Mbps Ethernet: 10 Mbps Ethernet Technologies – 10BaseT 10 Mbps Ethernet: 10 Mbps Ethernet Technologies – All Three 5-4-3 Rule

5 segments in the longest path 4 repeaters in the longest path 3 segments with nodes 10 Mbps Ethernet: Utilizing the 5-4-3 Rule – 10Base5/10Base2 Network

3 of the 5 segments contain nodes. The longest path between stations is 5 segments, with 4 repeaters in between. 10 Mbps Ethernet: Utilizing the 5-4-3 Rule – 10BaseT Network

End stations are separated by 5 UTP segments with 4 hubs in between. Each UTP cable from a station to a hub (or hub to hub) is consigered a segment and may be up to 100m in length 10baseF

Original – Fiber Optic Inter-Repeater Link (FOIRL) New specifications – 10baseFL – 10baseFB – 10baseFP 10 Mbps Ethernet: 10Base-FX Ethernet Technologies – 10Base-FL 10 Mbps Ethernet: 10Base-FL Wiring 10 Mbps Ethernet: 10Base-FX Ethernet Technologies – 10Base-FB 10 Mbps Ethernet: 10Base-FX Ethernet Technologies – 10Base-FP 100 MBPS Ethernet ()

Increases the data rate by a factor of 10 Smaller network diameter Fast Ethernet Technologies: 10Base-T4 Fast Ethernet Technologies: 10Base-TX Fast Ethernet Technologies: 10Base-FX 100baseT2

Data is exchanged over 2 pairs of Category 3 (or higher) UTP PAM5x5 encoding is used Connector: RJ-45 Fast Link Pulse Details

Ports will decide on the best capabilities for the link according to priorities. 100VG-ANyLAN: Auto Negotiation Priorities 100VG-ANyLAN

Can handle both Ethernet and LAN 1000 MBPS Ethernet

Carrier Extension – Used to maintain a minimum 512-byte Ethernet frame Frame Bursting – Send multiple frames in a burst of transmission – Only the fist frame requires a carrier extension Single repeater type : Different Gigabit Ethernet Technologies – 1000BaseT Gigabit Ethernet: Different Gigabit Ethernet Technologies – 1000BaseCX Gigabit Ethernet: Different Gigabit Ethernet Technologies – 1000BaseSX Gigabit Ethernet: Different Gigabit Ethernet Technologies – 1000BaseLX Gigabit Ethernet: Comparison of Ethernet Technologies Wireless Ethernet Wireless Ethernet Wireless Ethernet: The Multi-Path Effect in Diffused IR Wireless Ethernet Troubleshooting Techniques: Packet Sniffer Ethernet Error Display Troubleshooting Techniques: Common Problems Cable Connections: Connecting Two Computers Cable Connections: Direct Cable Connection Networking a Small Lab: (B) Bus Network Topology Networking a Small Lab: (C) Star Network Topology Networking a Small Lab: (D) Token Ring Network Topology Networking a Small Business: Sample Network Topologies for Office Building (A) Switches Connected with UTP Using Daisy-Chain Method Networking a Small Business: Sample Network Topologies for Office Building (B) Switches Connected with UTP Using Star Method Networking a Small Business: Sample Network Topologies for Office Building (B) Switches Connected with Fiber Using Daisy-Chain Method Networking a College Campus: A College Campus Network Networking a College Campus: Computer Center Network Diagram Networking a College Campus: Network Structure of a Typical Campus Building Remote Access Methods: Remote Access Connection Methods Remote Access Methods: DSL Architecture from Home to Central Office Remote Access Methods: Overhead View of a Wireless Network Troubleshooting Techniques: DSL Architecture from Home to Central Office Troubleshooting Techniques: Ipconfig/all output Troubleshooting Techniques: IP Configuration (1) Troubleshooting Techniques: IP Configuration (2) Troubleshooting Techniques: Ping Utility Troubleshooting Techniques: Applying Troubleshooting Strategy Troubleshooting Techniques: Applying Troubleshooting Strategy – Simplified Diagram of a University Network