MUSIC IN THE Social and Behavioral Sciences An Encyclopedia Volume 1 William Forde Thompson Macquarie University EDITOR Alexandra Lamont Keele University Richard Parncutt University of Graz Frank A. Russo Ryerson University ASSOCIATE EDITORS ($)SAGE reference Los Angeles ILondon INew Delhi Singapore IWashington DC Contents Volume 1 List of Articles vii Reader's Guide xiit About the Editor xviii List of Contributors xix Introduction xxv Chronology xxix Articles A 1 B 119 C 157 D 311 E 353 F 447 G 495 H 525 I 573 Volume 2 List of Articles Vtt Articles L 643 M 667 N 799 0 821 P 835 R 925 S 975 T 1097 U 1155 V 1165 W 1179 Y 1205 Glossary 1209 Resource Guide 1217 Appendix 1223 Index 1241 Photo Credits 1310 List of Contributors Rita Aiello Emmanuel Bigand New York University Universite de Bourgogne Paolo Ammirante Sarah Boak Ryerson University University of South hampton Christina Anagnostopoulou Sarah E. Boslaugh University of Athens Kennesaw State University J ames Andean Janet Bourne University of the Arts Helsinki Northwestern University Artemis Apostolaki Bernd Brabec de Mori University of Hull University ofMusic and Performing Arts Graz Richard Ashley Jillian L. Bracken Northwestern University University of Western Ontario Michael Austin Evan David Bradley Howard University Pennsylvania State University Amee Baird Alessandro Bratus Macquarie University Universita di Pavia, Cremona Felicity Baker Jacob Braun University of Melbourne Bowling Green State University Daniel Bangert Roberto Bresin University of New South Wales KTH Royal Institute of Technology Katherine Bank Nancy Bressler University of London Bowling Green State University Jonathan Bruce Barber Warren Brodsky National Ageing Research Institute Ben-Gurion University of the Negev David Bashwiner Debra Burns University of New Mexico Purdue University Indiana Christine Beckett Densil Cabrera Concordia University University of Sydney Tonya Bergeson David Cashman Indiana University School of Medicine Southern Cross University xix xx list of Contributors Roger Chaffin Meredith Eliassen University of Connecticut San Francisco State University Alexandros Charkiolakis Robert J. Ellis MIAM Istanbul Technical University Harvard Medical School Juan Chattah Paul Evans University of Miami University of New South Wales Morgen Chawawa Peter Fielding Botho University Mahidol University Eddy K. M. Chong Amy L. Fletcher Nayang Technological University University of Canterbury Linda Cimardi Georgina Floridou University of Bologna Goldsmiths, University of London Amy Clements-Cortes Anders Friberg University of Toronto KTH Royal Institute of Technology Annabel J. Cohen Dustin Garlitz University of Prince Edward Island University ofSouth Florida Michael Conklin Sandra Garrido The College of New Jersey University of Melbourne, University of Eduardo Coutinho Western Australia University of Liverpool Travis Garrison Lola Cuddy East Carolina University Queen's University, Canada Elise G. M. Gayraud Meagan E. Curtis Durham University State University ofNew York, Purchase College Andrew Geeves Eugene Dairianathan Macquarie University Institute of Ethnomusicology, University Monika Geretsegger of Music and Performing Arts, Graz Aalborg University, Denmark/ Stephen Davies University of Vienna, Austria University of Auckland Joice Waterhouse Gibson Tereza Virginia de Almeida Metropolitan State University Universidade Federal de of Denver Santa Catarina Bruno Gingras Roger T. Dean University of Vienna University of Western Sydney Jane Ginsborg Alexander P. Demos Royal Northern College of Music, University of Connecticut Manchester Christina M. Vanden Bosch der Nederlanden Robert O. Gjerdingen University of Nevada, Las Vegas Northwestern University Diana Deutsch . Jonathan Glixon University of California, San Diego University of Kentucky Frederic Dohl Daniel Gonzalez Moya Freie Univrsitat Berlin Freie Universitat Berlin Paul Doornbusch Aria Good Australian College of the Arts Ryerson University Christopher Dromey Jessica A. Grahn Middlesex University University of Western Ontario Tuomas Eerola Alexander Gra ur Durham University University of Torino Athena Elafros Anthony Gritten Keuka College Royal Academy of Music List of Contributors xxi Denise Grocke Jorg Jewanski University of Melbourne University of Munster Juliana Guerrero Jordan Johnson University of Buenos Aires Bowling Green University Himanshu Gupta Nicolai J0fgensgaard Graakjrer University of Western Ontario Aalborg University Golan Gur Olivier Julien Humboldt University of Berlin Paris-Sorbonne University Lauren Victoria Hadley Melissa Jungers University of Edinburgh Ohio State University Sara Haefeli Lukasz Kaczmarek Ithaca College John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin Susan Hallam Maria Katsipataki University of London University of Durham Rachel Hallett Kim Kattari Keele University Texas A&M University Erin Hannon Peter E. Keller University of Nevada, Las Vegas University of Western Sydney David Hargreaves Dianna Theadora Kenny Roehampton University University of Sydney Ralph Hartsock Neha Khetrapal University of North Texas Macquarie University ~arta Hawryluk Andrew King John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin University of Hull Lars Erik Helgert Elaine King Georgetown University University of Hull William M. Helmcke Stefan Koelsch University of Massachusetts Amherst Freie Universitat Berlin Ruth Herbert Dimitra Kokotsaki University of Oxford University of Durham Stephen Hinton Vladimir J. Konecni Stanford University University of California, San Diego ~{atthew Hollow Anastasya Koshkin Durham University Columbia University Lisa Hooper Franz Kasper Kronig Tulane University Cologne University of Applied Sciences David Martin Howard Kinga Krzymowska-Szacon University of York John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin ~lichael Huber Belma Kurtisoglu Institute for Musiksoziologie Istanbul Technical University '\{arryn Hudson Alexandra Lamont Newcastle University Keele University Bryn Hughes Lara Lengel University of Miami Bowling Green State University Elina Hytonen-Ng Lisa Liskovoi University of Eastern Finland Ryerson University Kelly Jakubowski Marie Pierre Lissoir University of London-Goldsmiths Universite Libre de Bruxelles ~f.olly Jeon Fang Liu Independent Scholar University College London xxii List of Contributors Steven R. Livingstone Gra\=a Mota Ryerson University Instituto Politecnico do Porto Raymond MacDonald Kathleen M. Murphy Edinburgh University University of Evansville Karl George Madden Eugene Narmour City University of New York University of Pennsylvania Damien Mahiet Lillooet Nordlinger Denison University Carleton University Stephen Malloch Adam Ockleford University of Sydney University of Roehampton Elizabeth Hellmuth Margulis Brooke M. Okada University of Arkansas University of Maryland, College Park Flavia Marisi Rowan Oliver Independent Scholar University of Hull Rossella Marisi Kirk N. Olsen Independent Scholar University of Western Sydney Jeremy Marozeau Alessandra Padula Bionics Institute Conservatorio di Musica "Giuseppe Verdi"­ Elizabeth Marvin Milan University of Rochester Richard Parncutt Eldonna L. May University of Graz Wayne State University Mercedes Pavlicevic Susan E. Mazer Nordoff Robbins Music Therapy Independent Scholar Jonathan Geoffrey Secora Pearl Karen McAulay Independent Scholar Royal Conservatoire of Scotland Jessica Phillips-Silver Josh H. McDermott BRAMS, Montreal Massachusetts Institute of Technology Chiara Pierobon Lytton N. McDonnell Bielefeld University Rutgers University Jonathan Pitkin Brett McKern Royal College of Music Australian Music Centre Nick Poulakis Gary E. McPherson National and Kapodistrian University University of Melbourne of Athens Prayrna Devi Mehan Jon Prince University of Western Ontario Murdoch University Dawn L. Merrett Hyacinthe Ravet University of Melbourne Universite Paris-Sorbonne Dorothy Miell Christina L. Reitz Univeristy of Edinburgh Western Carolina University Matthew Mihalka Nicholas Reyland University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Keele University Jennifer Mishra Nikki Rickard University of Missouri Monash University Shawn Mollenhauer Cricia Rinchon Metropolitan State University of Denver University of Western Ontario Joseph E. Morgan Frank A. Russo New England Conservatory Ryerson University Terry A. Morrow Stephanie Salerno Nova Southeastern University Bowling Green State University list of Contributors xxiii Ysabel M. Sarte Tom Sykes University of Kentucky University of Salford E. Glenn Schellenberg Leonard Tan University of Toronto Nanyang Technological University Amanda Scherbenske Mari Tervaniemi Wesleyan University University of Helsinki Klaus R. Scherer Michael H. Thaut Swiss Center for Affective Sciences Colorado State University Michael F. Schober Nico Thorn New School for Social Research Lubeck University of Music Franziska Schroeder William Forde Thompson Queen's University Belfast Macquarie University Emery Schubert Barbara Tillmann University of New South Wales Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Michael Schutz Laurel J. Trainor McMaster University McMaster University Steven D. Shaw Ruxandra Trandafoiu University of Western Ontario Edge Hill University Anne Shelley Colwyn Trevarthen Illinois State University University of Edinburgh Gene Shill Peter Tschmuck Australian College of the Arts University of Music and Performing Arts, Marissa Silverman Vienna Montclair State University Giorgos Tsiris Dean Keith Simonton Nordoff Robbins Music Therapy University of California, Davis Leigh VanHandel L. Robert Sieve Michigan State University University