ERYNGIUM PENDLETONENSIS (APIACEAE), a NEW SPECIES from SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Author(S): Kim L

ERYNGIUM PENDLETONENSIS (APIACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Author(s): Kim L. Marsden and Michael G. Simpson Source: Madroño, Vol. 46, No. 1 (JANUARY-MARCH 1999), pp. 61-64 Published by: California Botanical Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41425299 . Accessed: 20/01/2014 23:47

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This content downloaded from 198.228.216.35 on Mon, 20 Jan 2014 23:47:10 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Madroño,Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 61-64, 1999

ERYNGIUM PENDLETONENSIS (APIACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

Kim L. Marsden1 and Michael G. Simpson Departmentof Biology, San Diego State University,San Diego, CA 92182-4614

Abstract Eryngiumpendletonensis (Apiacéae) is a newspecies from Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base, San DiegoCounty, CA. It occursin seasonallymoist grasslands, swales, and vernal pools on coastalslopes andmesas and is distinguishedfrom other species of Eryngium sect. Armata in having a combinationof flowerbracts with thickened margins, pinnately divided leaves, and short, central primary stem axes.

EryngiumL. sect. ArmataSheikh contains 12 (l-)2 secondaryaxes; thisdichasial pattern repeat- species (14 infraspecifìctaxa) of perennialplants ed up to 6 timesin secondaryand subsequentaxes distributedin California,western Oregon, south- (Fig. 1); all aerial axes ribbed,ribs scaberulous; easternWashington, southwestern Idaho, and north- leaves basal and cauline;basal leaves arisingfrom ernBaja California,Mexico (Sheikh1978, 1983). apex of rootstock,sheathing, crowded; first 3-7 Ecological studiesconducted at Camp Pendleton leaves typicallylinear to acicular,unlobed, with MarineCorps Base, San Diego County,CA (Bliss transversesepta; later leaves pinnately to bipinnate- andZedier 1993) resultedin thediscovery of a new ly divided(Figs. 2B, ЗА), 8-25 cm long,oblance- taxon referableto this section (Hickman 1993, olate in outline,septate only in petioleregion, as- 1996; Munz 1959, 1968). cendingat first,drooping with maturity, withering or senescingprior to or at the onsetof flowering; Eryngiumpendletonensis K. L. Marsden& M. G. - leaflobes mostlynarrowly elliptic to lanceolate,of- Simpson,sp. nov. TYPE: USA, California,San ten at caulineleaves Pendleton 1-DMATC apiculate maturity; opposite, Diego Co., Camp Special resemblingbasal leavesbut not septate, size dimin- seriesV795S ± 10", Camp PendletonMarine withdistance from rootstock; inflorescence bluffs southof Las Creek ishing CorpsBase, just Pulgas a pendunculate,congested head (Fig. 2C), inflores- (Red Beach), 15 m (50 feet)north of theHarrier cence bractsabsent, flowers 9-19 head, head Pad at Red disturbed habitat per Beach, grassland size numberof flowers)diminishing on an coastal (including eroding bluff, 33°17'09"N, withdistance from rootstock; peduncles 2-3 cm 117°27'17"W,30 m (100 feet)elevation, 13 Jun flowersbisexual, erect,ses- К. L. Marsden 13VI92A SD long; actinomorphic, 1992, (holotype: sile, 3-4 mm long (Fig. 2D); flowerbracts (Figs. 142722; isotypes:BCMEX, CAS, DAV, LA, 2C, D, 4) 5-21 mm long (decreasingin size from MO, RSA, SDSU, UC, UCR, UCSB, US).

Differta Eryngiopinnatisecto indumentis minus scabris,habitibus prostratis, axibus primaribus bre- vioribus(1-6 cm), et floribuscapitulorum paucior- ibus. Plants herbaceousperennials, 0.5-2 dm tall; growthapparently colonial, several individuals of- tenclumped together giving the appearance of one plant,clumps up to 5 dm in diameter;roots fasci- cled, adventitious,arising from a short,erect rootstock;rootstock (a caudex)brown, as wide as long, 5-10 mm,giving rise to basal leavesat apex,slightly thickenedrelative to aerialstems; aerial stems a centralprimary axis (continuouswith rootstock) plus (0-)l(-2) lateralprimary axes arisingfrom apex of rootstock(Fig. 1); centralprimary axis erect,1-6 cm long at maturity(Fig. 5); branching ofprimary axes dichasial,at apex givingrise to two cauline leaves, a terminalpedunculate head, and Fig. 1. Diagramof Eryngiumpendletonensis growth 1Current address: U.S. Fishand Wildlife, 2730 Loker habit.Note that axes actually have a sprawling,not erect, Ave.West, Carlsbad, CA 92008. habit.

This content downloaded from 198.228.216.35 on Mon, 20 Jan 2014 23:47:10 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 62 MADROÑO [Vol.46

Fig.2. Eryngiwnpendletonensis. A. Habitat, type locality. B. Wholeplant, prior to flowering. C. Head with flowers subtendedby bracts. D. Close-upof flowerand bract. E. Flowerclose-up, with facing sepals, petals, and stamens removed.F. Dissectedfloral parts. G. Maturefruit, showing numerous scales (scanning electron micrograph). Abbre- viations:App = appendagesof petal; Sea = scalesof fruit; (ad) = adaxialside facing; (s) = sideview (adaxial at left). base to apex of head), sessile,narrowly triangular apex incurvedto nearpetal base, endingin 2 elon- to lanceolate,flat to conduplicate,apically acumi- gateappendages; folded surfaces forming fimbriate nate-spinose,margins entire, thickened, abaxial sur- lobes at mid-region(Fig. 2E, F); androeciumuni- facesmostly with very sparse to dense,minute sca- seriate;stamens 5, apostemonous,whorled, antise- brosity,especially along the veins, with white palous; filamentsincurved early in development, membranousbasal sheathsat lowerthird, sheaths extendedand ca. 2.1 mmlong at maturity;anthers open,wrapping around the ovary,margins some- yellow,narrowly oblong, thecae angled in cross- timesoverlapping; perianth dichlamydeous, imbri- section,basifixed, longitudinally dehiscent; ovary cate;calyx aposepalous, approximately 2 mm long, inferior,1-1.2 mm long,obovoid, slightly angled, green;sepals oblong to ovate,1 -veined, with wide- coveredwith overlapping, hyaline scales persistent ly scariousmargins, each apex withan apiculate in fruit;carpels and locules2; placentationapical- process(Fig. 2E, F); corollaapopetalous; petals ca. axi le; ovules 1 per carpel; stylopodiumlow, 2- 1 mmlong, white, membranous, delicate, caducous, lobed; styles2, ascending;stigmas terminal, ob- 1-veined, surface folded along centralvein such scure;fruits oblance-ovoid, prismatic, 5-angled and thatabaxial surfaces face one another(reduplicate); ribbed;scales lanceolateto lance-ovate,acuminate,

This content downloaded from 198.228.216.35 on Mon, 20 Jan 2014 23:47:10 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 1999] MARSDENAND SIMPSON:ERYNGIUM PENDLETONENSIS 63

Fig.4. Eryngiumpendletonensis flower bracts. A. Outer flowerbract, side view, adaxial at left.B. Outerflower bract,adaxial side facing. C. Innerflower bract, flattened toshow scarious base, adaxial side facing. D. Outerbract cross-sectionatmid-region, showing thickened margins.

Fig.3. Leafoutlines. A. Eyngiumpendletonensis. B. E. thatoccur on the coastal bluffsare especiallyat armatum.C. E. pinnatisectum. risk. Relationships. Within Eryngium sect. Armata , E. pendletonensisresembles E. armatum(S. Watson) variablein size (Fig. 2G); cotyledonslinear. Chro- J. Coulter& Rose and E. pinnatisectumJepson in mosomenumber: 2n= 16 П (countedat metaphase havingflower bracts with thickened, entire margins I of microsporogenesis;equivalent to 2л=32; see (Fig. 4). All otherspecies in thissection have flow- Strother& Nesom 1997). er bractswith unthickened, spinose margins. Er- yngiumpendletonensis differs from E. armatumin Paratype.Near Oceanside,southern California, thatthe latterhas undivided,serrate leaves 16 G. B. (Fig. Apr 1902, Grant,s.n., (DS 129228). 3B). Eryngiumpendletonensis differs from E. pin- Distribution, habitat , phenology, and rarity. Er- natisectum(Fig. 3C) in thatthe former has a shorter yngiumpendletonensis is a narrowendemic to San primaryaxis (Fig. 5), a sprawling(as opposedto Diego County,CA, in ca. 25 squarekilometers (9 moreerect) habit, fewer flowers per head, and re- square miles) of Camp PendletonMarine Corps duced scabrosityon flowerbracts and ribsof stem Base (ranging within 33°21'04"-33°33'11"N; axes, resultingin a mostlygreenish coloration (as 117o23'27"-117°31'40"W),where it occurs along opposedto silveryin E. pinnatisectum). exposed coastal bluffs(Fig. 2A) and grasslands. Clay soils of theHuerhuero series (Bowman 1973) RevisedKey to the Speciesof Eryngiumin are the substratetype. The vegetationtype of the California surroundingarea is disturbednative grassland or (Appropriatesection modified from the Jepson sparseCoastal Sage Scrub.Common associates in- Manual,Hickman 1993, 1996) clude Artemisia ornica bloch- calif Less., Dudleya 4. Bractsand bractlets very rigid, margins gen en- maniae (Eastw.) Moran, Hemizoniafasciculata tire,prominently thickened (DC.) Torrey& A. Gray,Lasthenia californica 5. Lfunlobed, margin gen sharply serrate to irre- Lindley,Chlorogalum parviflorum S. Watson,Lin- gularlycut E. armatum anthusdianthiflorus (Benth.) E. Greene,Isocoma 5' Lfpinnately tobipinnately lobed menziesii(Hook. & Arn.) G. Nesom, Grindelia camporumE. Greenevar. bracteosum (J. Howell) M. A. Lane, Sisyrinchiumbellum S. Watson,Bro- diaea filifoliaS. Watson,J uncus bufonius L., Na- sella pulchra(A. Hitchc.)Buckworth, Vulpia туи - ros (L.) С. Gmelin,Avena barbata Link, and Bro- musspp. Plantsflower from April to June.Flowering is diurnaland is roughlysynchronous within a population.Heads remainlargely intact in fruit.Small beetles,flies, native bees, and waspshave been ob- servedvisiting the flowers. Factorscontributing to the rarityof Eryngium pendletonensisinclude its narrow habitat specificity and small geographicrange. The species has a patchydistribution and can be locally abundant Fig.5. Primaryaxis length (in centimeters)ofE. pen- withinsubpopulations. Although no population dletonensis(sample size = 42 individuals)and E. pinna- trenddata are available,ongoing military training tisectum(sample size = 23 individuals).Means = •; activitiespose a threatto thisspecies. Populations ranges= x; bars= ± 1 standarddeviation of the mean.

This content downloaded from 198.228.216.35 on Mon, 20 Jan 2014 23:47:10 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 64 MADROÑO [Vol.46 6. PI erect,silvery, primary stem axis 7-32 cm; dleton,California. Report to U.S. Fishand Wildlife n&c SNF E. pinnatisectum Service,Carlsbad Field Office, Contract Number 14- 6' PI sprawling,greenish, primary stem axis 1-6 16-0001-91598. cm;SCo E. pendletonensisBowman, R. H. 1973.Soil Survey of San Diego County, 4' Bractsand bractlets± flexible,margin gen California.United States Department ofAgriculture. sharplytoothed, not thickened Hickman,J. C. 1993.The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants ofCalifornia. University ofCalifornia Press, Berkeley andLos Angeles,CA. (Thirdprinting with correc- Acknowledgments tions,1996). Munz,P. A. 1959.A CaliforniaFlora. ofCal- We University thankthe curators of CAS, CPH,DAV, DS, LA, iforniaPress, Berkeley and Los Angeles,CA. (Sup- RSA-РОМ,SD, UC, andUCSB whoallowed access to plement,1968). thecollections and/or provided loans of specimens. Help- Sheikh,M. Y. 1978.A systematicstudy of western North fulcriticisms of themanuscript were provided by Mark AmericanEryngium (Umbelliferae-Apiodeae). Ph.D. Dodero,Jon Rebman, and Gary Wallace. dissertation,University ofCalifornia, Berkeley. . 1983.New taxa of western American Eryngium LiteratureCited (Umbelliferae).Madroño 30:93-101. Strother,J. L. andG. L. Nesom.1997. Conventions for Bliss,S. andP. H. Zedler.1993. Study of the effects of reportingplant chromosome numbers. Sida 17:829- militarytraining on Eryngium species on Camp Pen- 831.

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