DOCSLIB.ORG

The Photographs of Luis Barraquer Roviralta Archive Image

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Photographs of Luis Barraquer Roviralta Archive Image Received: 18 October 2012 / Accepted: 23 October 2012 © 2013 Sociedad Española de Neurología Archive Image Neurosciences and History 2013; 1 (1): 43-47 The photographs of Luis Barraquer Roviralta M. Balcells 1, V. Cisteré 2 1 Department of Neurology. Hospital del Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain. 2 Museo Archivo Histórico. Sociedad Española de Neurología (SEN), Barcelona, Spain. ABSTRACT Introduction. In 1882, Luis Barraquer Roviralta (1855-1928) founded Spain’s first neurology department, which was known as the “Electrotherapeutic Dispensary”. This dynamic centre for neurological study was created at the same time as Jean-Martin Charcot’s Chair for Nervous Diseases in La Salpêtrière Hospital and The Neurological Institute of Vienna under Heinrich Obersteiner. Barraquer Roviralta compiled a vast archive of clinical and ana- tomical photographs, including some 2000 images which he took and developed himself. Method. In this article, we present and analyse the photographs of Luis Barraquer Roviralta, providing an expla- nation of their medical and historical contexts. (These images are now kept by the Spanish Society of Neurology’s historical archive, MAH SEN). Results. Items in the collection can be divided into three categories: anatomical pathology, clinical radiology, and clinical aspects in neurological patients. We observe that a substantial part of the photographic collection is dedi- cated to cases of tabetic arthropathy, which was very prevalent during this period. Discussion. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Barraquer Roviralta created a sizeable collection of photo- graphs that he used for illustrating clinical signs, providing anatomical and pathological definitions of neurologi- cal diseases, documenting his publications and research, and for teaching purposes. KEYWORDS History of neurology, history of photography, medical illustrations, L. Barraquer Roviralta Introduction Duchenne de Boulogne published the first medical text illustrated with photographs of patients, Album Three of Spain’s founding fathers of the neurosciences de photographies pathologiques (1862). The first lab- were born in the 1850s: Luis Simarro Lacabra (1851- oratory for medical photography was set up in La 1921), Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934), and Luis Salpêtrière in 1878. It was directed by Albert Londe, Barraquer Roviralta (1855-1928). Each of these cre- who in 1863 had published the first monograph dedi- ators of dynamic care, training, and research centres cated to medical photography (La photographie médi- used photographic techniques and explored new de- cale). Other such important publications included velopments in photography in the course of their sci- Revue Photographique des Hôpitaux (1869), directed entific studies. by Bourneville, and Iconographie photographique de la Salpêtrière (1876).3,4 After Röntgen’s discovery of Luis Barraquer Roviralta amassed a sizeable collec- X-rays in 1895, radiography technology was quickly tion of clinical and anatomical photographs –some adopted in La Salpêtrière and there was considerable 2000 in all– which he took and developed himself. He interaction between the budding disciplines of neu- used photographs to document his research, publica- rology and the different types of imaging. tions, and conferences.1 His collection was catalogued and expanded by his son, Luis Barraquer Ferré, who This article aims to showcase the photographs of Luis published many of these photos in Tratado de enfer- Barraquer Roviralta which were catalogued by his son medades nerviosas, the first Spanish-language treatise Luis Barraquer Ferré and are now preserved by the on neurology.2 Spanish Society of Neurology (SEN) in its historical archive. We will endeavour to present them in their Corresponding author: Dr. Miquel Balcells. Telephone: (+34) 93 2037132 C/ Dr. Roux, 129. E-mail: [email protected] 08017 Barcelona, Spain. 43 Neursci Hist. 2013; 1 (1): 43-47 proper medical and historical contexts. found the Neurology Dispensary at Hospital del Sagrat Cor, where he acted as a consultant.6 Luis Barraquer Roviralta (1855-1928) Barraquer Roviralta shaped his department at a time Luis Barraquer Roviralta (Fig. 1) was born in 1855 and when neurology was just beginning to emerge; recall finished his degree in medicine in Barcelona in 1879. that the world’s first Chair of Nervous Diseases (at La He made several extended visits to Paris between 1879 Salpêtrière in Paris, held by Jean-Martin Charcot) and and 1880, where he met and corresponded with leading the Neurological Institute of Vienna (founded by Hein- figures in neurology who would influence him greatly: rich Obersteiner) were both created in 1882. The last de- Duchenne de Boulogne, André-Thomas, J. M. Charcot, cade of the 19th century was influenced by the advent of W. Hammond, A. Vulpian, W. H. Erb, W. Gowers, H. electrical diagnostic, stimulation, and therapeutic tech- Oppenheim, J. Déjerine, P. Marie, J. Babinski, J. Grasset, niques, most of which were developed by W. H. Erb in R. Bing, and others. The clinical-semiological approach Germany and Duchenne in France.5,6 typical of the French school is reflected in all of Barra- quer Roviralta’s clinical activity.5,6 In 1887, Santiago Ramón y Cajal became the Chair of Normal Histology and Histochemistry and Anatomical Pathology at the College of Medicine of Barcelona, re- taining that position until 1892. In 1888, the first issue of Revista Trimestral de Histología Normal y Patológica –a quarterly journal on histology which Ramón y Cajal himself founded and financed– contained his article out- lining neuron theory. He published his textbook of gen- eral anatomical pathology in 1890. The College of Medi- cine was located at Hospital de la Santa Creu, which also housed Barraquer’s department. Despite this fact, there is no evidence documenting a relationship between the two doctors.9 Although Spanish advances in science and medicine Fig.Figure 1 1. Exploración Examining a patient. de Drun Luis paciente. Barraquer Roviralta. Dr. Luis Barcelona were quite sluggish in the late 19th and early 20th centu- Barraquer(ca. 1910). Historical R Fig. archive 1 Exploración of the Spanish Society de unof Neurology. paciente. ries, Spain was home to a few exceptional figures with an Some of his most important influences in Spain were international impact; the best example would be Ramón Bartomeu Robert Yarzábal (1842-1902),7,8 who advocat- y Cajal. Barraquer Roviralta published his contributions ed the definition of neurology as an independent spe- in international journals and also kept in contact with cialty and assigned Barraquer Roviralta the task of creat- the most important centres and figures in neurology ing the first neurology and electrotherapy dispensary at of his day. His correspondence includes three letters, Hospital de la Santa Creu; and Eduardo Bertrán Rubio now preserved by the SEN’s archive, from the following (1838-1909) who laid the groundwork for the develop- scholars: J. M. Charcot (Paris, 188?), in which Charcot ment of clinical neurology and was the first doctor to be answers Barraquer Roviralta’s inquiry regarding how he listed by the Royal Catalan Academy of Medicine as a adapted his professional fees according to the patient’s neurologist and ‘electrologist’ in 1865. social standing, on a fee scale of 9000 to 12 000 francs; W. Hammond (New York, 27 August 1882), thanking In 1881, Barraquer Roviralta left Paris for Barcelona, Barraquer Roviralta in Spanish for having forwarded an where he worked as a member of the Medical Corps article published by Sociedad Médica Catalana; and H. at Hospital de la Santa Creu. In 1882, he founded a de- Obersteiner (Vienna, 15 June 1908), thanking Barraquer partment known as the Electrotherapeutic Dispensary, Roviralta for having sent photographs of his clinical cases. which became a dynamic centre for neurological studies. He later changed its name to the Neurology and Elec- Barraquer Roviralta had a profound knowledge of neu- trotherapy Department; the term ‘electrotherapy’ was roanatomy, and his main areas of interest were trophic eventually dropped. Dr Barraquer Roviralta went on to disorders and diseases of the peripheral nervous system, 44 Neursci Hist. 2013; 1 (1): 43-47 especially their semiology. In 1885, he published his scription of the plantar reflex in Contribution“ à l’étude first article in Gaceta Médica Catalana: “Parálisis per- du reflexe plantaire pathologique”, published in Revue iférica protopática de las cuatro extremidades”.10,11 His Neurologique in 1921. The plantar or foot grasp reflex first original article, a clinical observation published in was thoroughly studied by Barraquer Roviralta and his Gaceta Médica Catalana in 1897, constitutes the first de- students Peres Casañas and Roca y Munner.6,10 scription of torsion dystonia; showing the influence of W. Hammond, he termed it ‘double athetosis’.12 His other original contributions included research on non-paralytic amyotrophic neuritic leprosy and macu- lo-anaesthetic leprosy (1914-1915); a sign in which re- flexes are absent and idiomuscular response is exagger- ated, which bears his name in Spanish literature, (1922); athetosis associated with paediatric encephalopathy; and generalised hemilateral atrophy (1925). After Barraquer Roviralta’s death, his son and student Luis Barraquer Fer- ré completed his study on brain compression lesions.2,4,7 In light of his teaching and clinical work, he was appoint- ed a numerary member of Hospital de la Santa Creu in 1906. The statistics published
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Invention of Hysteria : Charcot and the Photographic Iconography of the Salpêtrière / Georges Didi-Huberman ; Translated by Alisa Hartz
    Invention of Hysteria This page intentionally left blank Invention of Hysteria Charcot and the Photographic Iconography of the Salpêtrière Georges Didi-Huberman Translated by Alisa Hartz The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England Originally published in 1982 by Éditions Macula, Paris. ©1982 Éditions Macula, Paris. This translation ©2003 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or infor- mation storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. This book was set in Bembo by Graphic Composition, Inc. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Cet ouvrage, publié dans le cadre d’un programme d’aide à la publication, béné- ficie du soutien du Ministère des Affaires étrangères et du Service Culturel de l’Ambassade de France aux Etats-Unis. This work, published as part of a program of aid for publication, received sup- port from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Cultural Services of the French Embassy in the United States. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Didi-Huberman, Georges. [Invention de l’hysterie, English] Invention of hysteria : Charcot and the photographic iconography of the Salpêtrière / Georges Didi-Huberman ; translated by Alisa Hartz. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-262-04215-0 (hc. : alk. paper) 1. Salpêtrière (Hospital). 2. Hysteria—History. 3. Mental illness—Pictorial works. 4. Facial expression—History.
    [Show full text]
  • HISTORY of NEUROLOGY Guillaume-Benjamin Amand Duchenne, MD (1806-1875)
    HISTORY OF NEUROLOGY Guillaume-Benjamin Amand Duchenne, MD (1806-1875) “Master of the Master” Richard J. Barohn, MD February 10, 2017 Guillaume-Benjamin-Amand Duchenne 1806-1875 • Born: Boulogne-sur-Mer, France • Aka Duchenne “De Boulogne” • One of the greatest clinicians in 19th century • Charcot called him his Master! • Family of fishermen/sea captains • Father received Légion d’Honneur from Napolean for valor as sea captain in French-British wars • Paris medical school grad 1831; studied under Laënnec, Dupuytren; returned to Boulogne for 11 years but practice was limited so he returned to Paris at age 36 (1842) • Began seeing patients in charity clinics/large public hospitals/asylums • Never had hospital or university appointment • Over time his skill analyzing clinical problems was recognized by Trousseau, Charcot, Aran, Broca • Visited hospitals with his electrical stimulation gadget • Continuously tried new ways of testing nervous functions • Goal: discovery of new facts about the nervous diseases Duchenne de Boulogne Major Contributions 1. Observations and detailed clinical descriptions 2. Electrical Stimulation 3. Biopsy & Histology/Neuropathology 4. Use of medical photography Did first clinical-electrical-pathologic correlations Also a gadget-guy And a biomarker guy Duchenne de Boulogne Some of His Important Clinical Observations & Descriptions: 1. Tabetic Locomotor Ataxia – Distinguished it from Friedrich from locomotor ataxia 2. Deduced Poliomyelitis was a disease of motor nerve cells in spinal cord 3. Described lead poisoning & response to electrical stimulation 4. Described Progressive Muscular Atrophy – Also described by Francois Aran 1850 who acknowledged Duchenne’s help 5. Described Progressive Bulbar Palsy 6. Erb-Duchenne Palsy – upper trunk brachial plexus in babies from childbirth 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Master Layout Sheet
    C w M 2781 w E w C .c HISTORICAL c h n o NEUROSCIENCE s ic .o e Duchenne De Boulogne: A Pioneer in rg Neurology and Medical Photography André Parent ABSTRACT: Guillaume-Benjamin-Amand Duchenne was born 200 years ago in Boulogne-sur-Mer (Pas-de-Calais, France). He studied medicine in Paris and became a physician in 1831. He practiced general medicine in his native town for about 11 years and then returned to Paris to initiate pioneering studies on electrical stimulation of muscles. Duchenne used electricity not only as a therapeutic agent, as it was commonly the case earlier in the 19th century, but chiefly as a physiological investigation tool to study the anatomy of the living body. Without formal appointment he visited hospital wards across Paris searching for rare cases of neuromuscular disorders. He built a portable electrical device that he used to functionally map all bodily muscles and to study their coordinating action in health and disease. He gave accurate descriptions of many neuromuscular disorders, including pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy to which his name is still attached (Duchenne muscular dystrophy). He also invented a needle system (Duchenne’s histological harpoon) for percutaneous sampling of muscular tissue without anesthesia, a forerunner of today’s biopsy. Duchenne summarized his work in two major treatises entitled De l’électrisation localisée (1855) and Physiologie des mouvements (1867). Duchenne’s iconographic work stands at the crossroads of three major discoveries of the 19th century: electricity, physiology and photography. This is best exemplified by his investigation of the mechanisms of human physiognomy in which he used localized faradic stimulation to reproduce various forms of human facial expression.
    [Show full text]
  • Erb-Duchenne Brachial Plexus Palsy
    A Review Paper Hyphenated History: Erb-Duchenne Brachial Plexus Palsy Carrie Schmitt, BA, Charles T. Mehlman, DO, MPH, and A. Ludwig Meiss, MD Unlike the invasive electropuncture method recently devel- Abstract oped by Magendie and Jean-Baptiste Sarlandiere (1781–1838), Throughout history, the discoveries of their predecessors Duchenne invented a portable machine that used surface elec- have led physicians to revolutionary advances in the trodes to minimize the spread of electric current, resulting understanding and practice of medicine. The result is a in less pain and tissue damage to the patient.2,3,5 Duchenne plethora of hyphenated eponyms paying tribute to indi- referred to his process as local faradization, giving credit to viduals connected through time by a common interest. Michael Faraday (1791–1867), the scientist who invented the The history of Guillaume Duchenne de Boulogne, the 3,4 “father of electrotherapy and electrodiagnosis,” and induction coil in 1831. In 1842, Duchenne moved to Paris to Wilhelm Heinrich Erb, the “father of neurology,” offers explore the uncharted territories this field offered. insight into the personal and professional lives of these Known as Duchenne de Boulogne in Paris, he was consid- astute clinicians and their collaborative medical break- ered an eccentric by his peers for his provincial mannerisms through in the area of neurologic paralysis affecting the until many years later, when his work and expertise earned upper limbs. him international attention.2,6 Without any official position with a hospital or university, Duchenne made his rounds by DUCHENNE following his patients from hospital to hospital for years.2,5,6 French physician Guillaume Benjamin Armand Duchenne Through these extensive clinical studies and observations, he lived from 1806 to 1875.
    [Show full text]
  • Darwin's Emotions
    The Face of Physiology Paul White Man is gregarious, he looks for sympathy [...] and the language which expresses it is in the face.1 In Jane Eyre (1847), there is a rare comic interlude when Rochester, disguised as a gypsy woman, reads the fortunes of his party guests in their faces. In Jane he finds „the eye [...] favourable [...] the mouth [...] propitious [he sees] no enemy to a fortunate issue but in the brow; and that brow professes to say, – “I can live alone”‟.2 The great importance of facial features and expressions for judgements of character in the nineteenth century has been well-documented. The work of Mary Cowling and others has shown the enduring power of physiognomy and related traditions, phrenology and pathognomy, for the representation and reading of character in literature and the visual arts.3 Popular treatises and handbooks on the subject appear through the end of the century.4 Many assumptions about the relationship between external attributes and intellectual and moral capacity persist within the new human sciences, anthropology, ethnology and criminology, with their emphasis on racial, aberrant or degenerate social types. Indeed, such typologies not only endure, but proliferate in the last quarter of the century, underpinned by more precise methods of recording and measuring. Craniometries, nasologies and so forth, gained new legitimacy and purchase through the application of precision instruments. Racial types were marked by facial angles and cranial distances that differed by no more than a millimetre.5 Photography was enlisted to map and classify facial features across the empire and at home.6 Alongside these developments in the study of external features and form, there was another movement that sought the traces of character beneath the surface.
    [Show full text]
  • And Jean Martin Charcot (1825-1893)
    MEDICINA NEI SECOLI ARTE E SCIENZA, 31/1 (2019) 25-48 Journal of History of Medicine Articoli/Articles THE “STAGING” OF PASSIONS BY DUCHENNE DE BOULOGNE (1806-1875) AND JEAN MARTIN CHARCOT (1825-1893) LIBORIO DIBATTISTA Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici – DISUM, Bari, I SUMMARY THE “STAGING” OF PASSIONS BY DUCHENNE DE BOULOGNE (1806-1875) AND JEAN MARTIN CHARCOT (1825-1893) Photography deceived the nineteenth century scientists on the possibility of “objectively” catching the scientific objects. G. B. Duchenne and J.-M. Charcot made this attempt, respectively for the emotions and the neuroses, with the sole result of obtaining a theatrical staging of the passions themselves. The field of research relating to the study of emotions is currently very popular: what they are, what are their underlying neurophysi- ological mechanisms, what are their values from a psychological and pedagogical point of view, what effect do they have in terms of rela- tions... The research delves even further, to studies on empathy, on neuro-aesthetics, on their adaptive value from an evolutionary point of view. There are numerous scientific journals dedicated exclusive- ly to the subject and the literature includes an incredible amount of texts discussing emotions. Even historians have had their say on the subject, at least since Lucien Febvre launched the research program aimed at rebuilding “La vie affective d’autrefois” in 19411. Key words: Passions - Objectivity - Photography - Neurology 25 Liborio Dibattista Historians of science and especially medicine were the first to begin questioning the meaning to give to the lemma (are the emotions of today the passions of Descartes?), then they decidedly took the path of physiology first, and neurophysiology today, thus entirely circum- scribing the question.
    [Show full text]
  • Duchenne De Boulogne: a Pioneer in Rg Neurology and Medical Photography
    C w M 2781 w E w C .c HISTORICAL c h n o NEUROSCIENCE s ic .o e Duchenne De Boulogne: A Pioneer in rg Neurology and Medical Photography André Parent ABSTRACT: Guillaume-Benjamin-Amand Duchenne was born 200 years ago in Boulogne-sur-Mer (Pas-de-Calais, France). He studied medicine in Paris and became a physician in 1831. He practiced general medicine in his native town for about 11 years and then returned to Paris to initiate pioneering studies on electrical stimulation of muscles. Duchenne used electricity not only as a therapeutic agent, as it was commonly the case earlier in the 19th century, but chiefly as a physiological investigation tool to study the anatomy of the living body. Without formal appointment he visited hospital wards across Paris searching for rare cases of neuromuscular disorders. He built a portable electrical device that he used to functionally map all bodily muscles and to study their coordinating action in health and disease. He gave accurate descriptions of many neuromuscular disorders, including pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy to which his name is still attached (Duchenne muscular dystrophy). He also invented a needle system (Duchenne’s histological harpoon) for percutaneous sampling of muscular tissue without anesthesia, a forerunner of today’s biopsy. Duchenne summarized his work in two major treatises entitled De l’électrisation localisée (1855) and Physiologie des mouvements (1867). Duchenne’s iconographic work stands at the crossroads of three major discoveries of the 19th century: electricity, physiology and photography. This is best exemplified by his investigation of the mechanisms of human physiognomy in which he used localized faradic stimulation to reproduce various forms of human facial expression.
    [Show full text]
  • Freud with Charcot: Freud's Discovery and the Question of Diagnosis
    Freud with Charcot: Freud’s discovery and the question of diagnosis Thomas Lepoutre, Villa François To cite this version: Thomas Lepoutre, Villa François. Freud with Charcot: Freud’s discovery and the question of diagnosis. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, Wiley, 2015, 96, pp.345 - 368. 10.1111/1745-8315.12247. hal-01495461 HAL Id: hal-01495461 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01495461 Submitted on 25 Mar 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Int J Psychoanal (2015) 96:345–368 doi: 10.1111/1745-8315.12247 Freud with Charcot: Freud’s discovery and the question of diagnosis Thomas Lepoutrea and Francßois Villab aCentre for Research on Psychoanalysis, Medicine and Society (CRPMS, EA 3522), Paris Diderot University at Sorbonne Paris Cite – thomaslepou [email protected] bFull Professor of Psychopathology, Centre for Research on Psychoanal- ysis, Medicine and Society (CRPMS, EA 3522), Paris Diderot University at Sorbonne Paris Cite, Member of the Association Psychanalytique de France – [email protected] (Accepted for publication
    [Show full text]
  • The First Description of Idiopathic Progressive Who First Described The
    1270 Landi, Motto, Celia, Musicco, Lipani, Boccardi, Guidotti J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.56.12.1270 on 1 December 1993. Downloaded from Neurosurg Psychiatty 1991;54:793-802. esis. Stroke 1990;21:1251-7. 20 Dennis MS, Bamford JM, Sandercock PAG, Warlow CP. 25 Fisher CM. Lacunes: small, deep cerebral infarcts. A comparison of risk factors and prognosis for transient Neurology 1965;15:774-84. ischemic attacks and minor ischemic strokes. The 26 Ostrander LD, Brandt RL, Kjelsberg MO, Epstein FH. Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. Stroke 1989;20: Electrocardiographic findings among the adult popula- 1494-9. tion of a total natural community, Tecumseh, 21 Landi G, Candelise L, Celia E, Pinardi G. Interobserver Michigan. Circulation 1965;31:888-98. reliability of the diagnosis of lacunar transient ischemic 27 Kannel WB, Abbott RD, Savage DD, McNamara PM. attack (TIA with lacunar syndrome). Cerebrovasc Dis Epidemiologic features of chronic atrial fibrillation: the 1992;2:297-300. Framingham Study. N EnglJ Med 1982;306: 1018-22. 22 Cartlidge NEF, Whisnant JP, Elveback LR. Carotid and 28 Faris AA, Poser CM, Wilmore DW, Agnew CH. vertebro-basilar transient ischemic attacks. Mayo Clin Radiologic visualization of neck vessels in healthy men. Proc 1977;52:117-20. Neurology 1963;13:386-96. 23 Sacco SE, Whisnant JP, Broderick JP, Phillips SJ, 29 Harrison MJG, Marshall J. Angiographic appearance of O'Fallon WM. Epidemiological characteristics of lacu- carotid bifurcation in patients with completed stroke, nar infarcts in a population. Stroke 1991;22:1236-41. transient ischaemic attacks, and cerebral tumour. BMJ7 24 Millikan CH, Futrell N.
    [Show full text]
  • Jonathan W. Marshall, the Archaeology of the Abstract Body
    92 French History and Civilization The Archaeology of the Abstract Body: Parascientific Discourse and the Legacy of Dr J.-M. Charcot, 1876-1969 Jonathan W. Marshall Echoing the more formal techniques of contemporary French musique concrète artists, the 1960s U.S. poet William Burroughs compiled from radio and television broadcasts audio collages which he claimed represented the psychotic state of contemporary individuals, capable of “tuning in to a global and intergalactic network of voices.”1 Over sixty years earlier, the death of France’s leading physician and the founder of French neurology was greeted by no less extraordinary a declaration. On the evening that Jean-Martin Charcot succumbed to angina while on a trip from Paris, several of his hysterical charges at the city’s Salpêtrière hospice claimed to have a nocturnal premonition that something terrible had happened to him. While Charcot himself made a career out of denouncing premonitory abilities and para-religious states as After completing a history doctorate at Melbourne University, Jonathan Marshall was a Research Fellow at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia, 2004-2008, before taking up a position as Lecturer in Theatre Studies at the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, in 2009. His research focuses on the relationship between the histories of performance and medicine, publishing on both fields. Since 2000, he has been a critic for the arts magazine RealTime Australia, http://createc.ea.ecu.edu.au/researchers/profile.php?researcher=jmarsha2 Much of this research was conducted while the author was a visiting researcher at The Bakken Library and Museum of Electricity in Life, Minneapolis.
    [Show full text]
  • THE AWKWARD MOMENT the Awkward Moment
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. THE AWKWARD MOMENT The Awkward Moment An Exegesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Fine Art At Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand. Rebecca Anne Pilcher 2004 CONTENTS List of Illustrations List of Test Works on DVD Insert Introduction 3 PART ONE: INTRODUCTION OF PRACTICE My work 4 The Electroshock Tests 7 The Twin Tests 9 The Siamese Twin Tests 10 The Projection and Installation Tests 11 PART TWO: THEORECTICAL CONTEXT The Uncanny 12 The Double 14 Twins 15 Diane Arbus 17 The Camera Making Visible 18 Repetition 19 Hysteria 21 Masochism 24 Automaton/Cyborg 27 Conclusion 29 REFERENCES Endnotes 31 Bibliography 33 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN ORDER OF APPEARANCE Eyes. Video Still (2004) Rebecca Pilcher 1 Dinora/. Video Still (2003) 4 Night Inside. Video Still (2003) Uncomfortable Man. Video Still (2004) Hospital Dolly. Video Still (2004) Dan Lift. Video Stills (2004) 6 Wiggly Finger. Video Still (2004) The Old Man (Illustration 1 & 2) Duchenne de Boulogne 7 The Mechanism of Human Facial Expression, (1862) Electric Muscle Stimulator 1 & 2. (2004) Rebecca Pilcher 10ms-1 (1994) Douglas Gordon 8 Gothic Shock. Video Still (2004) Rebecca Pilcher Dan Shock. Video Still (2004) Bek Shock 1234. Video Still (2004) Twin Tests 1, 2 & 3. Video Still (2004) 9 Siamese Twin Tests 1234. Video Still (2004) 10 Installation Documentation 1234 (2004) 11 Filming Electroshock.
    [Show full text]
  • Motoneuron Concept”: from the Early 19Th C to the Beginning of the 20Th C François Clarac, Jean-Gaël Barbara
    The emergence of the “motoneuron concept”: From the early 19th C to the beginning of the 20th C François Clarac, Jean-Gaël Barbara To cite this version: François Clarac, Jean-Gaël Barbara. The emergence of the “motoneuron concept”: From the early 19th C to the beginning of the 20th C. Brain Research, Elsevier, 2011, 1409, pp.23 - 41. 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.06.010. halshs-03090669 HAL Id: halshs-03090669 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03090669 Submitted on 11 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The emergence the "motoneuron concept:" from the early 19th C to the beginning of the 20th C version auteur de F. Clarac, J.G. Barbara, 2011, « The emergence of the “motoneuron concept”: from the early 19th C to the beginning of the 20th C », Brain Research, 1409, 23-41 (ISSN 0006-8993). François Clarac,a,* Jean-Gaël Barbarab aP3M, CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille, France bUniversité Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7102, Case 14, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75005, Paris and Université Denis Diderot, CNRS UMR 7218, Paris, France.
    [Show full text]