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National Register of Historic Places Inventory -- Nomination Form Owner

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National Register of Historic Places Inventory -- Nomination Form Owner Form No. 10-300 REV. (9/77) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOWTO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS ___________ TYPE ALL ENTRIES - COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS JLNAME it jTXlViJ-j ..• '»A*?4 N^- '1'^..--fe *|C-'H £*1-.>--w * «L' ^>---" .&^..,iLa; .:. rf(\ HISTORIC HLstsrie Res0arbes of BexteLey G^uaty, West Virginia .(?ar^Lal Inveateryt %st©ripal and Arehiteotural Properties) AND/OR COMMON * ~T~ —————— . LOCATION eatisty limits of Berkeley Cofcaty and tfeat part of tjbe Pofcowac VTRiET&NOM^ER 41iat borders'-6n the a©4nty line* Note* %taership of til© is CITY, TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT VICiNITYOF STATE 'CODE COUNTY ' CODE 003 CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS RRESENTUSE _^PUBlilC ,) : ^-OCCUPIED; X-AGRICULTURE JEMUSEUM 1 .! ,= -; _LPRIV.ATE;r ' :; ^^-UNOCCUPIEd X^COMMERCIAL JCPARK -',. ^.STRUCTURE v -JSBQTHU 4 , -iWORK IN -PROGRESS X_EDUCATIONAL ? r JtPRIVATE RESIDENCE _SITE , . PUBMCACpUISKTIONM ACCESSIBLE X-ENTCRTAINMENT JCRELIGIOUS OBJECT -...- A lulNiPRdCESS ; i» ... ±^YES: RESTRICTED 3£_GOVERNMENT SCIENTIFIC Ifeltiple Resottrces BEING^GONSIDERED ? <*vYES: UNRESTRICTED ^INDUSTRIAL » ^TRANSPORTATION - '-- • --> > ,-' •(»•?.-* v •« r'::»•» --. ;..| •. i . - , '-'_NO.- - .-'A • 3C_M4LITARY OTHER: OWNER OF PRO1ERTY NAME vi<'r STREET & NUMBER' *'• CITY. TOWN v VICINITY OF LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDa STREET &'NUMBER CITY, TOWN STATE Marti usfcurg, West Virginia REPRESENTATION Iltf.EXISTING SURVEYS Berkeley €oa»ty^ Hist«rical*Societyta»l Berkeley 0©tmty Historical Commission DATE 1^73-78 _FEDERAL STATE JJ.COUNTY _LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS Berkeley County Courthouse CITY. TOWN STATE DESCRIPTION CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE .EXCELLENT —DETERIORATED —UNALTERED —ORIGINAL SITE .GOOD —RUINS —ALTERED —MOVED DATE- .FAIR —UNEXPOSED DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Berkeley County was taken from the County of Frederick, Virginia, fey an Act of the laseaaibly February 1772* It made its historic entry as a county on May 15, 1772. Jtt that time its boundry lines took in present Jefferson? County (until 1801) and three-fourths of present Morgan County (until 1820), Frederick County, ?a* was from Orange County, Va» in 1738 and Orange County from the vast territory of Spott sylvan ia County, Va. in 173U* Berkeley County is one segment of a large valley that parallels the Appalachian Mountains system from Vermont to Alabama and part of a 3arger area called The Sfeenandoah falley* Berkeley County's soil is basically three types s rich limestone, shale and rich Ioam0 The majority of the land east^ of the North Mountain is limestone very adaptive to culti­ vation with a variety of high yielding crops, however, there are strips (principally hills) that are shale, Berkeley County has two principal mounts s North Mountain and Third Hill Mountain. Its western feoundry is Sleepy Greek Mountain. .Approximately one-third of its land is west of the base of the North Mountain. The majority of this land is shale, how­ ever there are a few small sections of limestone soil, the Meadow Branch section of the Sleepy Creek Mountain contains deposits of coal* A few attempts have been made to mine it but it has never developed to the point of being of any significance in the development of Berkeley County* Back ^reek is the large stream that runs through the valley that lies between North Mountain and third Hill Mountain* Several spring fed streams empty into Back Creek* the largest and most significant of these streams is Tilshance's Branch. East of the North Mountain is the Opequon Creek. Fart of this Creek Forms the eastern boundry line of Berkeley County* ^he Opequon meanders through a rich, limestone area. Three smaller creeks empty into the Opequon and increase its water flow before it empties into the Potomae Biver* ^he ^ascarora Creek is the largest of the three. It has one major con­ tributing stream-Dry Sun* $ext is Mill Creek and then Middle Creek* These three creeks are all fed from the springs at the east base of the North Mountain. Berkeley County is bounded on the north by the Potomac Biver. Three small streams beside the Opequon and Back Creek empty into the Biver. They are Jones Mill Stream which forms part of the east bouadry line of Berkeley Geuntyi Cherry Eun that forms part of the northwest boundry line and Tulip's Branch* ^he low land along the stream bottoms at places are rich loam. There is also some small deposits of marl aloag a few of the streams* Jones Mill Stream aad the Swan Ffcnd Run which disappears underground have two of the choiciest deposits, Ihis vast, well distributed water system of Berkeley County Is highly inducive to habi tat ion* Before the white man came, it was occupied by Indians* Colonel Morgan Morgan, the first white settler of the State, established in what became Berkeley County in 1728. Jost Hlte, who purchased the Vanweter orders, brought a group of settlers into the area in 1732 and they located «ast of the Opsquon Creek and east of the North Mountain. These early settlers established along the streams and took up the prime land in the area. Two major paths at a very early date went through this area. Pack Horse Ford Eoad which entefett the area by a Ford crossing in the Potomac &iver below what became Shepherdstown, Berkeley County (now Jefferson County), Va*, (¥« ?a,)« ^fee roadowent from northeast to southwest ani crossed the whole area* % 17i& a ferry had been put into operation at the present U* S* Route 11 crossing of the Potomac River. The road ran north to south across the present County into Virginia* Form No. 10-300a (Hev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR e NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES INVENTORY--NOMINATION FORM Historic Resources of Berkeley County, West Virginia • CONTINUATION SHEET ' MiEivi NUMBER :v 7 PAGE 2 .- • - - A great interference took place in the settling of Berkeley Ceunty. Lord Fairfax, heir to t&e >®slpeper rights, made, a < trip front England in 1735 to this area. He claimed the area was part of nisi Northern Jfedci territory. Cte his, return %#ip to England lie got the King of England to order that pAtents for tfeis area be stopped bu£ those which hadtalr-eady been given out were good; tiowever, «T0st Wite and ftess-Srymn both i continued- to sell land. -MuLGh of the most valuable land feiad already been- sett led wfeen Lord Fair fax returned from England" in 171*$, This caused considerable difficulties. Lord Fairfax opened his land office and started giving, out grants, S&p&seiwhQ had purchased affter the Kingr had stopped the patents repaid Lord Fairfax for the land or moved on. A suit was brought by Kite and others against Lord Fairfax* This intemat tonally.: famous suit, lasted until /after the Revolutionary War and ... both Kite an! Fairfax were dead* f •'!'"- ". -••-., . ; : -- , ,.- • •- — . - - ,-; Lord Fairfax set up two manors in Berkeley County afcd also gave some land to his cousin -. William Fairfax. **e also had* owned other tracts of land for his own use. Maids tone Manor was set ttp'as ah English^ Manor ^with- a, twn by 171*7, a commons an^l the^Man©r land.. - - ! - • '• '"' ' : '•- :-' : r " '^~; . " : "' •• -. ' ':•' •-.:'. -_ • : •• : ..•..'-;'••-:.' /- ',. -•--,-. ^irveys Were made in I3k9 by^Lorii Fairfax* This also included the North Mountain and Back Greek Valley areas* By the tiaae of the Hevxalationary war ffiost of the land in Berkeley County <hmd-&een: either sold through^ the early patents or" granted by 3L©rd Fairfax. Fond Ma«:or of 2,000 acr%s w«s ^tiaiposed of by Lord Fairfax in 1777. Ke slAll held his Maids tone" l^or land1 when he died.- •- ^ .--"." - .-v . - -: ;-. r.-.-- '• . ;:,!-. -':- '. •-- Berkeley ®©»ftty has ^-iayge ntmiber:«o£^ architecturally outstanding buildings built pre- ; Revolutionary War* Typical of these range from a reconstructed log cabin(G80), second home of Col* Morgan Morgan, a 171*7 English nogging house (H68), the original Maidstone Manor house-, a stone 1'fcan-io ki4c%enr (H107)^ and an array ©f differentu stylet log and sitone buildings aid * mud nogginfi house (023). ,3 . • • --.v, - ;. - •' '* ";^- ; -'- - ~&'. r; '• v. ,' ;...::- : , .,- .-.. ' '•:- • ! . .-, ... - \- • - ,• ;,-; .---.-T ~ •• L- _ - ' - ., The end of the ftevolmtionary War brought m change to Berkeley County. The early predom- ; inant settlers were of the Quaker and Presbyterian faith*-;.The land dispute and the war had driven most of the Quakers out except for the ones who became Presbyterians. Just before the War the Pennsylvania'Dutete Gerihan s*ttlers had started to mover to Berkeley County. These were of the-Lathera«/Ileformed faitfe. Ifeey »equiredlargeDholdings in s-ome of thje .best agricultural areas of the Country and the Sounty took^ on more of a southern influence: even ! though it came^ through the Pennsylvania Dutch from Maryland and Pennsylvania; SnaOLl. plant­ ations were established, with slave labor. Native'limestone was the principal building material. Oat standing plantation eomplexes such as the Lick Ruh> District were built (H108). The placesierit of their main butldings -^nerally near a stream and outbuildings contributed, mucfc tb'the outstanding landscaping of the County. A few very outstahdit^g Georgian and Federal houses exist in Berkeley County. Some influence from the Tidewater area is evidenced. Brick came into use about 178$ with its primaryiuse after l800* The %@ek Revival period: is predominant from the l830stb the Civil War. << ': ' . .. = When Berkeley €0uaty was formed in 1772, Major General Adam Stephen laid out a town along the Tuscarora Creek in 1773. fie was selling lots by 1775. Here the Berkeley County Court­ house was established. He named the town Marti nsburg after Lord Fairfax's nephew* Martins- burg became^ and still is, the government/commercial center of the County • Three other towns, Darkesville 1780, Hedgesville 1832 and Gerrardstown 1785, were established but have all remained small villages.
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