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© Амурский Зоологический Журнал IV(1), 2012. 54-60 © Amurian Zoological Journal IV(1), 2012. 54-60 © Амурский зоологический журнал IV(1), 2012. 54-60 Accepted: 5.02. 2012 УДК 595.789 © Amurian zoological journal IV(1), 2012. 54-60 Published: 30.03. 2012 БУЛАВОУСЫЕ ЧЕШУЕКРЫЛЫЕ (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONOIDEA) ХРЕБТА АРШАНТЫН-НУРУУ (ЗАПАДНАЯ МОНГОЛИЯ) Р.В. Яковлев [Yakovlev R.V. Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Arshantyn-Nuruu Range (Western Mongolia)] Алтайский государственный университет (Южно-Сибирский ботанический сад), Барнаул, 656049, пр. Ленина, 61. E-mail: [email protected] Altai State University (South Siberian Botanical Garden), pr. Lenina, 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russia. E-mail: cossus_ [email protected] Ключевые слова: Монголия, Papilionoidea, фауна Key words: Mongolia, Papilionoidea, fauna Резюме. Представлен аннотированный список Papilionoidea хребта Аршантын-Нуруу. В фауне отмечено 65 ви- дов, из которых 4 узколокальных эндемика данного хребта. Представлен краткий фаунистический анализ. Summary. The annotated list of Papilionoidea of Arshantyn-Nuruu Range is presented. 65 species were recorded including 4 species endemic to Arshantyn-Nuruu. Brief faunistic analysis is provided. ВВЕДЕНИЕ полагается в юго-западной его части, на границе двух ботанико-географических районов: Монголь- Изучение фауны Lepidoptera Монгольского ского Алтая горно-степного и Джунгарской Гоби Алтая началось со сборов В. Сапожникова в За- [Грубов, 1955], что откладывает отпечаток на рас- падной Монголии в 1905, 1906, 1908 и 1909 гг. А. тительной покров этой территории. Как и всему Мейнгард [1910a, б] позже опубликовал фауни- Монгольскому Алтаю, Аршантын-Нуруу свойствен стические списки по данным материалам. Доста- аридный тип поясности, представленный монголо- точно скупые сведения по Монгольскому Алтаю алтайским вариантом [Лавренко, Карамышева, Ни- были приведены в советский период [Коршунов, кулина, 1991]. Для монголо-алтайского варианта Соляников, 1976; Коршунов, 1977]. Имевшиеся характерна следующая смена поясов снизу вверх на тот момент в научном обороте материалы соз- [Карамышева и др., 1987]: 1) пояс горных опу- давали превратное впечатление о фауне данного стыненных ковыльковых и пырейных (Agropyron региона как о крайне обедненной фауне Русского nevskii) степей; 2) пояс горных сухих ковыльно- Алтая или Западного Саяна, не имеющей своего житняковых (Agropyron cristatum, Stipa krylovii) и своеобразия и эндемизма. петрофитнополынно-ковыльных (или житняковых) Исследования булавоусых чешуекрылых За- степей; 3) пояс высокогорных мелкодерновинных падной Монголии, проводимые в последние годы типчаковых и мятликовых и полидоминантных сте- (экспедиции отряда Южно-Сибирского ботаниче- пей. На южных склонах, шлейфы которых непо- ского сада АлтГУ и С.В. Чуркина 1999–2011), дали средственно примыкают к пустынным сообществам ощутимые результаты (нахождение новых видов Джунгарской Гоби, развиты пустынные и сухие и подвидов и большое число фаунистических на- степи гобийского или джунгаро-туранского соста- ходок). Наши исследования были главным обра- ва (ирано-гобийский Eremostachys moluccelloides). зом сосредоточены на юго-западном макросклоне Формации этих степей: ковыльковые, полынно- Монгольского Алтая. Выбор района исследований ковыльковые и солянково-ковыльковые (главным был обусловлен крайне слабой его изученностью. образом, тарово-ковыльковые) пустынные степи Одним из наиболее интересных в фаунистиче- [Грубов, 1955]. По северным склонам хорошо пред- ском отношении участков, исследованных нами, ставлены разнотравные типчаковые, мятликовые и оказался небольшой по протяженности (45-50 км) полидоминантные многозлаковые степи (Festuca и абсолютным высотам (2626 м – г. Могойн-Улан- lenensis, Poa attenuata, Agropyron cristatum), которые Ула) хр. Аршантын-Нуруу, простирающийся с образуют особый подпояс на абсолютной высоте северо-запада на юго-восток (91°04’E – 91°15’E; 2500-2700 м. В их составе из разнотравья примеши- 46°10’N – 46°30’N). ваются ксерофильные и мезоксерофильные виды ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА Aster alpinus, Oxytropis tragacanthoides, Potentilla РАЙОНА ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ sericea, Smelovskia alba, Dracocephalum oreganoides, Хребет Аршантын-Нуруу, являясь одним из Pedicularis achilleifolia, P. physocalyx, Veronica хребтов горного массива Монгольского Алтая, рас- laeta, Scorzonera grubovii, Ziziphora clinopodioides, 54 Tanacetum sp. и др., можно отметить и мезофильные 2009–2011 гг. в период с 13.05. по 24.07. на высотах элементы (Geranium prataense, Myosotis, Spiraea). В от 1400 до 2450 м. Собранные материалы хранятся высокогорном степном поясе широко развиты сооб- в частной коллекции автора (г. Барнаул), голотипы щества степей с доминированием можжевельника описанных нами с Западной Монголии видов пере- ложноказацкого (Juniperus pseudosabina). В наивыс- даны на хранение в ЗИН РАН (г. Санкт-Петербург). ших частях хребта встречаются отдельные неболь- СПИСОК ВИДОВ PAPILIONOIDEA шие пятна субальпийской растительности возле ХР. АРШАНТЫН-НУРУУ снежников с участием Rhodiola rosea, Saxifraga sibirica, Papaver canescens, Potentilla, Ranunculus, (* отмечены виды, обнаруженные в Монголии Gagea pauciflora и др. На солончаковых почвах только на хр. Аршантын-Нуруу; фенология обо- по долинам речек и ручьев развиты заросли чия значена следующим образом: декады арабскими (Achnatherum splendens) – чиевники. По днищам до- цифрами, месяцы римскими). лин нередко встречаются шиповник (Rosa laxa), жи- Семейство Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809 молость (Lonicera microphylla). По берегам ручьев узкой полосой развиты пойменные луга, преиму- Spialia orbifer (Hübner, [1823]) щественно разнотравно-осоковые. Иногда вдоль ру- Spialia orbifer ssp. pseudolugens P. Gorbunov, 1995. чьев развиваются заросли крапивы коноплевидной 1-VI–2-VII. Остепненные склоны, луговины вдоль (Urtica cannabina), вероники ключевой (Veronica ручьев, 1400–2000 м. anagallis-aquatica). *Muschampia sp. Одной из особенностей данного горного мас- 3-VI–1-VII. Довольно редок. Остепненные скло- сива, послужившей основой для его названия ны, луговины вдоль ручьев, 1600–1800 м. Под- (Аршантын-Нуруу − горы источников), является видовая принадлежность не вполне ясна. Внеш- наличие большого числа непересыхающих род- не схож с видами группы M. tessellum (Hübner, ников. Достаточное увлажнение, небольшое насе- [1803]) – M. protheon (Rambur, 1858), которые раз- ление и умеренный выпас мелкого рогатого скота личаются только по строению гениталий. Этому стали причиной хорошей сохранности раститель- виду будет посвящена особая статья. ности на Аршантын-Нуруу в сравнении с боль- *Muschampia antonia (Rambur, 1858) шинством горных хребтов Монгольского Алтая. 3-V–2-VI. Остепненные склоны, 1600–1800 м. На основании многолетних исследований (2002– Pyrgus alveus (Hübner, [1803]) 2011 гг) был опубликован ряд статей, посвященных Pyrgus alveus sifanicus (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891) фауне чешуекрылых насекомых данного региона 1-VI−2-VII. Остепненные склоны, луговины вдоль [Яковлев, 2002, 2003, 2007а,б, в; Яковлев и др., 2005; ручьев, 1400–2000 м. Yakovlev, 2003, 2004; Yakovlev, Doroshkin, 2004]. *Carcharodus flocciferus (Zeller, 1847) Все наши фаунистические данные по чешуекрылым 3-V–1-VII. Остепненные склоны, луговины вдоль Монголии, в том числе и по Монгольскому Алтаю, ручьев, 1400–2000 м. были опубликованы позже [Tshikolovets et al., 2009; Yakovlev, 2012]. Кроме этого, по сборам наших Thymelicus lineola (Ochsencheimer, 1808) коллег-ботаников были описаны новые виды рас- 3-VI–3-VII. Остепненные склоны, 1600–2200 м. тений [Камелин и др., 2004; Косачев, Герман, 2004]. Hesperia comma (Linnaeus, 1758) В результате анализа распространения чешуе- 1-VI−2-VII. Остепненные склоны, 1500–2200 м. крылых Монгольского Алтая была предложена Семейство Papilionidae Latreille, [1802] схема зоогеографического районирования данно- го участка Алтайской горной страны [Яковлев, Parnassius phoebus (Fabricius, 1793) 2006; Yakovlev, 2012], где хр. Аршантын-Нуруу Parnassius phoebus bajangolus Yakovlev in Yakovlev и сопредельные к нему районы было предложено et Doroshkin, 2006 выделять в качестве Аршантын-Нуринского райо- 1-VI−3-VII. Субальпийские луга, 2300–2500 м. на Казахстанско-Алтае-Джунгарской зоогеогра- Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758 фической провинции. В данный момент подробно 2-V–3-VII. Повсеместно. Бивольтинный. исследована фауна лишь нескольких районов дан- Семейство Pieridae Duponchel, [1835] ной провинции [Лухтанов и др., 2007; Яковлев, Дорошкин, 2006; Гуськова, Яковлев, 2011]. Euchloe ausonia (Hübner, [1804]) 3-V–2-VI. Очень редок. Остепненные склоны, МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ 2000–2500 м. Определение вида проверено по Материалы коллектировались традиционными гениталиям. В нашем сборе есть одна самка из способами в экспедициях 2002, 2005, 2007, 2008, крайней восточной оконечности хребта, собран- 55 ная 15 мая 2002 г., у которой темные элементы 2-V, очень локален, сухие нанофитоновые пусты- крылового рисунка развиты очень слабо (как у ев- ни на юго-западном склоне хребта с Astragalus ропейских популяций E. ausonia). В других райо- lasiophyllus Ledebur (Fabaceae). Эндемик хр. нах Монгольского Алтая (долина р. Елт-Гол, хр. Аршантын-Нуруу. Шадзгат-Нуруу, область Станового хребта в Гоби- Scolitantides orion (Pallas, 1771) Алтайском аймаке) встречается Euchloe ochracea 2-VI–2-VII, остепненные склоны, 1500–2000 м. naina Kozhantschikov, 1923. Наиболее интересна Plebejus argus (Linnaeus, 1758) находка близкого вида Euchloe ochracea (Trybom, 2-VI–3-VII, луговины вдоль ручьев, субальпий- 1877) на хр. Шадзгат-Нуруу. Таким образом, дис- ские луга, 2000–2500 м. танция между этими двумя видами в Западной Монголии составляет не более 40 км. Plebejus lucifera (Staudinger,
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