Classification of Bacterial Pathogens
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Determination of the Effects That a Previously Uncharacterized Secreted Product from Klebsiella Pneumoniae Has on Citrobacter Fr
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Undergraduate Honors Theses Student Works 5-2017 Determination of the effects that a previously uncharacterized secreted product from Klebsiella pneumoniae has on Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter cloacae biofilms Cody M. Hastings Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/honors Part of the Bacteria Commons, Bacteriology Commons, Biological Phenomena, Cell Phenomena, and Immunity Commons, Cell and Developmental Biology Commons, Medical Cell Biology Commons, Medical Microbiology Commons, Microbial Physiology Commons, and the Pathogenic Microbiology Commons Recommended Citation Hastings, Cody M., "Determination of the effects that a previously uncharacterized secreted product from Klebsiella pneumoniae has on Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter cloacae biofilms" (2017). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 419. https://dc.etsu.edu/ honors/419 This Honors Thesis - Withheld is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Determination of the effects that a previously uncharacterized secreted product from Klebsiella pneumoniae has on Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter cloacae biofilms By Cody Hastings An Undergraduate Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements -
Tessaracoccus Arenae Sp. Nov., Isolated from Sea Sand
TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION Thongphrom et al., Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017;67:2008–2013 DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.001907 Tessaracoccus arenae sp. nov., isolated from sea sand Chutimon Thongphrom,1 Jong-Hwa Kim,1 Nagamani Bora2,* and Wonyong Kim1,* Abstract A Gram-stain positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1319T, was isolated from sea sand and the strain’s taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Strain CAU 1319T grew optimally at 30 C and at pH 7.5 in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that strain CAU 1319T belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus, and is closely related to Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (similarity 97.69 %), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (similarity 95.64 %) and Tessaracoccus T T flavescens SST-39 (similarity 95.84 %). Strain CAU 1319 had LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-9 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified aminolipids, three unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified glycolipid. Predominant polyamines were spermine and spermidine. The DNA–DNA hybridization value between strain CAU 1319T and T. lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T was 24 %±0.2. The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 69.5 mol %. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic relatedness, strain CAU 1319Tshould be classified as a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus arenae sp. -
View Tickborne Diseases Sample Report
1360 Bayport Ave, Ste B. San Carlos, CA 94070 1(866) 364-0963 | [email protected] | www. vibrant-wellness.com PATIENT PROVIDER NAME: DEMO REPORT GENDER: Male PRACTICE NAME: Vibrant IT4 Practice DATE OF BIRTH: 04/14/1998 AGE: 22 PROVIDER NAME: Demo Client, DDD (999994) ADDRESS: TEST STREET, TEST CITY, KY- 42437. ACCESSION ID: 2009220006 PHLEBOTOMIST: 607 SPECIMEN COLLECTION TIME: 09-21-2020 11:14 SPECIMEN RECEIVED TIME: 09-22-2020 05:14 FINAL REPORT TIME: 09-25-2020 15:56 FASTING: FASTING Your Vibrant Wellness TickBorne 2.0 panel results are enclosed. These results are intended to aid in the diagnosis of tickborne diseases by your healthcare provider. The Vibrant Tickborne Diseases panel tests for IgG and IgM antibodies for Borreliosis/Lyme disease as well as co-infection(s) and opportunistic infections with other tick-borne illnesses along with detection of DNA of the species causing these infections. The Vibrant Immunochip test is a semiquantitative assay that detects IgG and IgM antibodies in human serum. The PCR Test is a real-time PCR Assay designed for qualitative detection of infectious group- specific DNA in clinical samples. Interpretation of Report: The test results of antibody levels to the individual antigens are calculated by comparing the average intensity of the individual antibody to that of a reference population and cut-off chosen for each protein. Reference ranges have been established using a well characterized set of more than 300 serum samples and antibodies to specific bacteria tested. The results are displayed as In Control, Moderate, or High Risk.for each antigen tested. -
Botulism: Guidance for Health Care Providers Key Medical and Public Health Interventions After Identification of a Suspected Case
Virginia Department of Health Botulism: Guidance for Health Care Providers Key Medical and Public Health Interventions after Identification of a Suspected Case Table of Contents 1. Epidemiology ........................................................................................................................................ 1 2. Clinical Manifestations .......................................................................................................................... 2 3. Laboratory Testing and Diagnosis ......................................................................................................... 3 4. Treatment ............................................................................................................................................. 6 5. Post-exposure Prophylaxis .................................................................................................................... 6 6. Vaccination ........................................................................................................................................... 6 7. Infection Control ................................................................................................................................... 6 8. Decontamination .................................................................................................................................. 7 9. Postmortem Practices ........................................................................................................................... 7 10. Public Health -
Borrelia Burgdorferi and Treponema Pallidum: a Comparison of Functional Genomics, Environmental Adaptations, and Pathogenic Mechanisms
PERSPECTIVE SERIES Bacterial polymorphisms Martin J. Blaser and James M. Musser, Series Editors Borrelia burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum: a comparison of functional genomics, environmental adaptations, and pathogenic mechanisms Stephen F. Porcella and Tom G. Schwan Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA Address correspondence to: Tom G. Schwan, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA. Phone: (406) 363-9250; Fax: (406) 363-9445; E-mail: [email protected]. Spirochetes are a diverse group of bacteria found in (6–8). Here, we compare the biology and genomes of soil, deep in marine sediments, commensal in the gut these two spirochetal pathogens with reference to their of termites and other arthropods, or obligate parasites different host associations and modes of transmission. of vertebrates. Two pathogenic spirochetes that are the focus of this perspective are Borrelia burgdorferi sensu Genomic structure lato, a causative agent of Lyme disease, and Treponema A striking difference between B. burgdorferi and T. pal- pallidum subspecies pallidum, the agent of venereal lidum is their total genomic structure. Although both syphilis. Although these organisms are bound togeth- pathogens have small genomes, compared with many er by ancient ancestry and similar morphology (Figure well known bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Mycobac- 1), as well as by the protean nature of the infections terium tuberculosis, the genomic structure of B. burgdorferi they cause, many differences exist in their life cycles, environmental adaptations, and impact on human health and behavior. The specific mechanisms con- tributing to multisystem disease and persistent, long- term infections caused by both organisms in spite of significant immune responses are not yet understood. -
Upper and Lower Case Letters to Be Used
Isolation, characterization and genome sequencing of a soil-borne Citrobacter freundii strain capable of detoxifying trichothecene mycotoxins by Rafiqul Islam A Thesis Presented to The University of Guelph In Partial Fulfilment of Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Agriculture Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Rafiqul Islam, April, 2012 ABSTRACT ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND GENOME SEQUENCING OF A SOIL- BORNE CITROBACTER FREUNDII STRAIN CAPABLE OF DETOXIFIYING TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXINS Rafiqul Islam Advisors: University of Guelph, 2012 Dr. K. Peter Pauls Dr. Ting Zhou Cereals are frequently contaminated with tricthothecene mycotoxins, like deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin), which are toxic to humans, animals and plants. The goals of the research were to discover and characterize microbes capable of detoxifying DON under aerobic conditions and moderate temperatures. To identify microbes capable of detoxifying DON, five soil samples collected from Southern Ontario crop fields were tested for the ability to convert DON to a de-epoxidized derivative. One soil sample showed DON de-epoxidation activity under aerobic conditions at 22-24°C. To isolate the microbes responsible for DON detoxification (de-epoxidation) activity, the mixed culture was grown with antibiotics at 50ºC for 1.5 h and high concentrations of DON. The treatments resulted in the isolation of a pure DON de-epoxidating bacterial strain, ADS47, and phenotypic and molecular analyses identified the bacterium as Citrobacter freundii. The bacterium was also able to de-epoxidize and/or de-acetylate 10 other food-contaminating trichothecene mycotoxins. A fosmid genomic DNA library of strain ADS47 was prepared in E. coli and screened for DON detoxification activity. However, no library clone was found with DON detoxification activity. -
Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis Are Tick-Borne Diseases Caused by Obligate Anaplasmosis: Intracellular Bacteria in the Genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma
Ehrlichiosis and Importance Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are tick-borne diseases caused by obligate Anaplasmosis: intracellular bacteria in the genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. These organisms are widespread in nature; the reservoir hosts include numerous wild animals, as well as Zoonotic Species some domesticated species. For many years, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species have been known to cause illness in pets and livestock. The consequences of exposure vary Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis, from asymptomatic infections to severe, potentially fatal illness. Some organisms Canine Hemorrhagic Fever, have also been recognized as human pathogens since the 1980s and 1990s. Tropical Canine Pancytopenia, Etiology Tracker Dog Disease, Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are caused by members of the genera Ehrlichia Canine Tick Typhus, and Anaplasma, respectively. Both genera contain small, pleomorphic, Gram negative, Nairobi Bleeding Disorder, obligate intracellular organisms, and belong to the family Anaplasmataceae, order Canine Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, Rickettsiales. They are classified as α-proteobacteria. A number of Ehrlichia and Canine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, Anaplasma species affect animals. A limited number of these organisms have also Equine Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, been identified in people. Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, Recent changes in taxonomy can make the nomenclature of the Anaplasmataceae Tick-borne Fever, and their diseases somewhat confusing. At one time, ehrlichiosis was a group of Pasture Fever, diseases caused by organisms that mostly replicated in membrane-bound cytoplasmic Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis, vacuoles of leukocytes, and belonged to the genus Ehrlichia, tribe Ehrlichieae and Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, family Rickettsiaceae. The names of the diseases were often based on the host Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, species, together with type of leukocyte most often infected. -
Abstract Pultorak, Elizabeth Lauren
ABSTRACT PULTORAK, ELIZABETH LAUREN. The Epidemiology of Lyme Disease and Bartonellosis in Humans and Animals. (Under the direction of Edward B. Breitschwerdt). The expansion of vector borne diseases in humans, a variety of mammalian hosts, and arthropod vectors draws attention to the need for enhanced diagnostic techniques for documenting infection in hosts, effective vector control, and treatment of individuals with associated diseases. Through improved diagnosis of vector-borne disease in both humans and animals, epidemiological studies to elucidate clinical associations or spatio-temporal relationships can be assessed. Veterinarians, through the use of the C6 peptide in the SNAP DX test kit, may be able to evaluate the changing epidemiology of borreliosis through their canine population. We developed a survey to evaluate the practices and perceptions of veterinarians in North Carolina regarding borreliosis in dogs across different geographic regions of the state. We found that veterinarians’ perception of the risk of borreliosis in North Carolina was consistent with recent scientific reports pertaining to geographic expansion of borreliosis in the state. Veterinarians should promote routine screening of dogs for Borrelia burgdorferi exposure as a simple, inexpensive form of surveillance in this transitional geographic region. We next conducted two separate studies to evaluate Bartonella spp. bacteremia or presence of antibodies against B. henselae, B. koehlerae, or B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in 296 patients examined by a rheumatologist and 192 patients with animal exposure (100%) and recent animal bites and scratches (88.0%). Among 296 patients examined by a rheumatologist, prevalence of antibodies (185 [62%]) and Bartonella spp. bacteremia (122 [41.1%]) was high. -
Beating Chronic LYME
Section 1 Beating Chronic LYME Dr. Kevin Conners Fellowship in Integrative Cancer Therapy Fellowship in Anti-Aging, Regenerative, and Functional Medicine American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine www.ConnersClinic.com From left to right: Larvae, Nymph, Female, Male Tick Tick in Nymph stage is the size of a poppy seed. Beating Chronic LYME Forward I used to live in the woods. My wife and four children at the time purchased 280 acres in Wisconsin and basically lived off the land. We grew most of our own food, were ‘off grid’ as we produced our own electricity through solar panels, and had to pump our water by hand. It was certainly a different way of life that prepared us for missionary work in Mexico. It was 1997 and at the time I had begun hearing about Lyme disease being a tick- born disorder. I had never seen a deer tick before moving to our ‘little house in the big woods’ but one thing was for certain – we had plenty of deer. They were as populous as the mosquitoes. To make a long story short, both my oldest daughter and I had contracted Lyme during our three year stay. I experienced the violent sickness of acute Lyme as well as a beautiful bulls-eye rash that made the diagnosis easy. I took just 3 days of antibiotics and since that was just the second time that I had ever taken a prescription medication in my life, they eradicated the disease effectively. My daughter on the other hand wasn’t so fortunate. She never had an acute illness and we never saw any rash therefore we didn’t catch the disease until it had advanced to Chronic Lyme Disease (CLD). -
The Relapsing Fever Agent Borrelia Hermsii Has Multiple
Copyright Q 1992 by the Genetics Societyof America The Relapsing Fever AgentBorrelia hermsii Has Multiple Copiesof Its Chromosome and Linear Plasmids Todd Kitten and Alan G. Barbour Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, The Universityof Texas Health Science Center, Sun Antonio, Texas 78284 Manuscript received March 17, 1992 Accepted for publicationJune 25, 1992 ABSTRACT Borrelia hermsii, a spirochete which causes relapsing fever in humans and other mammals, eludes the immune responseby antigenic variationof the “Vmp” proteins.This occurs by replacement of an expressed vrnp gene with a copy of a silent vrnp gene. Silent and expressedvrnp genes are located on separate linearplasmids. To further characterize vrnp recombination, copy numbers were determined for two linear plasmids and for the l-megabase chromosome by comparing hybridization of probes to native DNA with hybridization to recombinant plasmids containing borrelial DNA. Plasmid copy numbers were also estimated by ethidium bromide fluorescence. Total cellular DNA content was determined by spectrophotometry. For borreliasgrown in mice, copy numbers and 95% confidence intervals were 14 (12-17)for an expression plasmid,8 (7-9) for a silent plasmid, and 16 (13-18) for the chromosome. Borrelias grown in broth mediumhad one-fourth to one-half this number of plasmids and chromosomes. Staining of cells with4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole revealed DNA to be distributed throughout most of the spirochete’s length. These findings indicate that borrelias organize their total cellular DNA into several complete genomes and thatcells undergoing serotype switches do one or more of the following: (1) coexpress Vmps from switched and unswitched expression plasmids for at least three to five generations, (2)suppress transcription from some expressionplasmid copies, or (3) partition expression plasmids nonrandomly.The lower copy number ofthe silentplasmid indicates that nonreciprocal Vmp gene recombination may result from loss of recombinant silent ” plasmids by segregation. -
Tessaracoccus Massiliensis Sp. Nov., a New Bacterial Species Isolated from the Human Gut
TAXONOGENOMICS: GENOME OF A NEW ORGANISM Tessaracoccus massiliensis sp. nov., a new bacterial species isolated from the human gut E. Seck1, S. I. Traore1, S. Khelaifia1, M. Beye1, C. Michelle1, C. Couderc1, S. Brah2, P.-E. Fournier1, D. Raoult1,3 and G. Dubourg1 1) Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, INSERM 1095, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France, 2) Hôpital National de Niamey, Niamey, Niger and 3) Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Abstract A new Actinobacterium, designated Tessaracoccus massiliensis type strain SIT-7T (= CSUR P1301 = DSM 29060), have been isolated from a Nigerian child with kwashiorkor. It is a facultative aerobic, Gram positive, rod shaped, non spore-forming, and non motile bacterium. Here, we describe the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of this isolate. Its 3,212,234 bp long genome (1 chromosome, no plasmid) exhibits a G+C content of 67.81% and contains 3,058 protein-coding genes and 49 RNA genes. © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Keywords: culturomics, genome, human gut, taxono-genomics, Tessaracoccus massiliensis Original Submission: 23 February 2016; Revised Submission: 28 April 2016; Accepted: 3 May 2016 Article published online: 28 May 2016 development of new tools for the sequencing of DNA [5],we Corresponding author: G. Dubourg, Aix-Marseille Université, introduced a new way of describing the novel bacterial species URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculté de médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, [6]. This includes, among other features, their genomic [7–11] France and proteomic information obtained by matrix-assisted laser E-mail: [email protected] desorption-ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis [12]. -
Detection and Partial Molecular Characterization of Rickettsia and Bartonella from Southern African Bat Species
Detection and partial molecular characterization of Rickettsia and Bartonella from southern African bat species by Tjale Mabotse Augustine (29685690) Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER SCIENTIAE (MICROBIOLOGY) in the Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria, South Africa Supervisor: Dr Wanda Markotter Co-supervisors: Prof Louis H. Nel Dr Jacqueline Weyer May, 2012 I declare that the thesis, which I hereby submit for the degree MSc (Microbiology) at the University of Pretoria, South Africa, is my own work and has not been submitted by me for a degree at another university ________________________________ Tjale Mabotse Augustine i Acknowledgements I would like send my sincere gratitude to the following people: Dr Wanda Markotter (University of Pretoria), Dr Jacqueline Weyer (National Institute for Communicable Diseases-National Health Laboratory Service) and Prof Louis H Nel (University of Pretoria) for their supervision and guidance during the project. Dr Jacqueline Weyer (Centre for Zoonotic and Emerging diseases (Previously Special Pathogens Unit), National Institute for Communicable Diseases (National Heath Laboratory Service), for providing the positive control DNA for Rickettsia and Dr Jenny Rossouw (Special Bacterial Pathogens Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases-National Health Laboratory Service), for providing the positive control DNA for Bartonella. Dr Teresa Kearney (Ditsong Museum of Natural Science), Gauteng and Northern Region Bat Interest Group, Kwa-Zulu Natal Bat Interest Group, Prof Ara Monadjem (University of Swaziland), Werner Marias (University of Johannesburg), Dr Francois du Rand (University of Johannesburg) and Prof David Jacobs (University of Cape Town) for collection of blood samples.