Mass Media and Democratic Transitions the Case of Pakistan
Mass Media and Democratic Transitions The case of Pakistan By Pizwak Imtiaz Submitted to Central European University Department of Political Science In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Dr. Oana Lup CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2016 Abstract Through this thesis, I attempt to contribute to literature on Political Communication in transitioning democracies, through the case of Pakistan. The study aims to understand the rise of a new successful party, the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) in the political arena, through its depiction of the mass-media. The objective is to witness the change in elite hegemonies through a democratic transition, and in a dynamic media environment, to speculate the role of mass- media in the process. The rapid evolution and maturation of the mass-media after its privatization in 2002, the rise of television talk-shows and rapid information dissemination, and the worsening security conditions in the country set the background of the study. Interpretative thematic analysis has been utilized using television news bulletins and talk-shows to gauge what issues were considered salient (agenda-setting) and how they were framed by the media. The results support the idea of a social cascade, which means that a number of successive events granted the media center-stage, whereby its portrayal of events reverberated with the general milieu in the country, to create a wave of change. Media‘s insistence on elements of change, accountability, newness reverberated with PTI‘s slogans of change, arguably granting it an advantage. This is therefore an attempt to dispel simplistic understandings of the role of the media, in a complex cognitive environment, emphasizing the intricate relationship between political actors, citizens and the mass-media in bringing about change.
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