DOCSLIB.ORG

Optimization Scheme for Accurate Water Semantic Segmentation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Optimization Scheme for Accurate Water Semantic Segmentation Received September 2, 2019, accepted October 9, 2019, date of publication October 25, 2019, date of current version November 6, 2019. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2949635 Multiscale Features Supported DeepLabV3C Optimization Scheme for Accurate Water Semantic Segmentation ZIYAO LI , RUI WANG , WEN ZHANG, FENGMIN HU, AND LINGKUI MENG School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China Corresponding author: Lingkui Meng ([email protected]) This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China. (No. 2017YFC0405806). ABSTRACT In the task of using deep learning semantic segmentation model to extract water from high-resolution remote sensing images, multiscale feature sensing and extraction have become critical factors that affect the accuracy of image classification tasks. A single-scale training mode will cause one-sided extraction results, which can lead to ``reverse'' errors and imprecise detail expression. Therefore, fusing multiscale features for pixel-level classification is the key to achieving accurate image segmentation. Based on this concept, this paper proposes a deep learning scheme to achieve fine extraction of image water bodies. The process includes multiscale feature perception splitting of images, a restructured deep learning network model, multiscale joint prediction, and postprocessing optimization performed by a fully connected conditional random field (CRF). According to the scale space concept of remote sensing, we apply hierarchical multiscale splitting processing to images. Then, we improve the structure of the image semantic segmentation model DeepLabV3C, an advanced image semantic segmentation model, and adjust the feature output layer of the model to multiscale features after weighted fusion. At the back end of the deep learning model, the water boundary details are optimized with the fully connected CRF. The proposed multiscale training method is well adapted to feature extraction for the different scale images in the model. In the multiscale output fusion, assigning different weights to the output features of each scale controls the influence of the various scale features on the water extraction results. We carried out a large number of water extraction experiments on GF1 remote sensing images. The results show that the method significantly improves the accuracy of water extraction and demonstrates the effectiveness of the method. INDEX TERMS Remote sensing, deep learning, semantic segmentation, water information extraction, multi- scales, DeepLabV3C. I. INTRODUCTION their features. Among the two types of methods, the index Accurate extraction of water information from remote- method (NDWI), which is a spectrum-photometric method, sensing images has always been an important research topic is widely used in the task of water extraction because of its in the field of remote sensing image analysis because it simplicity and universality. In actual appliances, especially in plays a vital role in national land/water resource monitoring the large-scale daily monitoring of water body nationwide, and environmental protection. The traditional remote sensing it is inevitable to process massive remote sensing images. image water body extraction methods are divided into two The traditional methods with more manual intervention are main types. One is based on the spectral characteristics of not able to guarantee the quality of data products. In par- water bodies and involves setting different thresholds and ticular, there is substantial random interference in images, using a water body index to classify and extract water infor- such as clouds, shadows, fog, etc. Even if some models mation [1]–[3]. The other is based on mathematical morphol- have good generality, there will also be an extraction loss ogy [4] and segments water body edges [5], [6] to extract on the details of water. These will greatly affect our mon- itoring and use efficiency. Therefore, it is of far-reaching The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and significance to study a water extraction model that can meet approving it for publication was Jingchang Huang . the requirements of high precision and high generalization This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ VOLUME 7, 2019 155787 Z. Li et al.: Multiscale Features Supported DeepLabV3C Optimization Scheme for Accurate Water Semantic Segmentation ability and effectively reduce the need for human inter- principle, the neural network model structure optimization vention. As deep learning in the field of computer vision and multifeature fusion and form a set of standardized pro- has developed and improved, intelligent pattern recogni- duction processes with application and promotion value. The tion based on image spatial features has increasingly been experimental results show that the accuracy index of this applied to remote sensing image target detection and pixel method is markedly improved and has good generalizabil- semantic segmentation tasks [7]–[9]. Compared with tradi- ity. This scheme focuses on multiscale features and uses tional methods, semantic segmentation methods based on a hierarchical multiscale splitting method combined with a deep learning can map pixels to semantics [10] and mine stretching algorithm to enrich the detailed features of the spectral features of deep remote sensing images that tradi- samples, thereby preserving the multiscale features of the tional methods cannot extract. Many researchers use semantic samples. We control both the scale of the sample data used segmentation models to achieve water body recognition and for model training and the input and output scales of the extraction tasks [11], [12]. Under the continuous optimization image data during inference. Simultaneously, by changing of complex neural network models, target feature mining the DeepLabV3C network structure, the model can better and learning occurs at deeper levels; thus, image classifi- perceive the global background context characteristics of the cation accuracy has improved continually. Moreover, in the image block. Finally, the extraction results are optimized remote sensing field, with the continuous improvement of with a conditional random field (CRF) to meet the accuracy image resolution, the textural details of surface features have requirements of microscopic and macroscopic features of also been revealed, and the accuracy requirements for water water bodies. extraction have also continually improved. Nonetheless, the The remaining sections of this article are organized as complexity of water background information combined with follows: The second section introduces the problems and interference from complex homologous and heterogeneous reviews related works from the literature. The third section (the same water body with different spectra) phenomena must introduces the DeepLabV3C model application optimization also be considered. Consequently, adopting complex deep scheme, including the image scale division specification, learning networks is very important to learn and identify the the application details of the optimized DeepLabV3C model features of high-resolution images. network structure, and the fully connected CRF. In the fourth Compared with the commonly used images for semantic section, we describe experiments and results comparison segmentation [13], [14], high-resolution satellite images have using a GF1 image as the research object. The experimen- large differences in the number of spectral bands, the extent of tal results and revealed problems are described in the fifth the image range, and the target scale. In particular, the target section, and we present conclusions in the sixth section. range and shape of water bodies are uncertain: a large area of water can cover the entire image segment, while a small water body may be expressed by only one or two pixels in II. RELATED WORKS the image. In [11], a large-scale block size of 512 × 512 is A. LIMITATIONS OF THE SPECTRUM-PHOTOMETRIC used for the experiments because the author believes that METHOD large-scale analysis has a good effect on the remote sensing In this section, we discuss the limitations of traditional meth- image segmentation model, allowing it to maximally per- ods. The spectrum-photometric method combined with the ceive the acceptance domain. However, in our study of water NDWI index is widely used as the main method for water extraction, we found that the model's generalization ability body extraction [15]. The principle is to compute a suitable and extraction accuracy did not achieve the expected results segmentation threshold based on a normalized ratio index, when using a single-scale sample for training. A large sample which is calculated using the green band and the near-infrared scale may reduce the precision of the details extracted during band. Many researchers have conducted extensive research the water extraction process, while small-scale samples are on the selection of thresholds [16]–[18]. Some researchers insufficient for identifying features clearly at the information have also used unsupervised classification methods (Isodata macro level. Thus, scale selection and processing has become or K-means) for water classification based on the NDWI a primary problem that affects the deep learning water extrac- index [19]–[21]. tion process. Consequently, determining how to design a rea- Although this type
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter 5 Sinicization and Indigenization: the Emergence of the Yunnanese
    Between Winds and Clouds Bin Yang Chapter 5 Sinicization and Indigenization: The Emergence of the Yunnanese Introduction As the state began sending soldiers and their families, predominantly Han Chinese, to Yunnan, 1 the Ming military presence there became part of a project of colonization. Soldiers were joined by land-hungry farmers, exiled officials, and profit-driven merchants so that, by the end of the Ming period, the Han Chinese had become the largest ethnic population in Yunnan. Dramatically changing local demography, and consequently economic and cultural patterns, this massive and diverse influx laid the foundations for the social makeup of contemporary Yunnan. The interaction of the large numbers of Han immigrants with the indigenous peoples created a 2 new hybrid society, some members of which began to identify themselves as Yunnanese (yunnanren) for the first time. Previously, there had been no such concept of unity, since the indigenous peoples differentiated themselves by ethnicity or clan and tribal affiliations. This chapter will explore the process that led to this new identity and its reciprocal impact on the concept of Chineseness. Using primary sources, I will first introduce the indigenous peoples and their social customs 3 during the Yuan and early Ming period before the massive influx of Chinese immigrants. Second, I will review the migration waves during the Ming Dynasty and examine interactions between Han Chinese and the indigenous population. The giant and far-reaching impact of Han migrations on local society, or the process of sinicization, that has drawn a lot of scholarly attention, will be further examined here; the influence of the indigenous culture on Chinese migrants—a process that has won little attention—will also be scrutinized.
    [Show full text]
  • The Flow Field Simulation on Dianchi Lake
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 31 (2012) 696 – 702 International Conference on Advances in Computational Modeling and Simulation The flow field simulation on Dianchi Lake Haoliang Cheng, Jurui Yang , Zhen¶ai Lu, Luo Zhang College of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500ˈChina Abstract According to the hydro-G\QDPLFVPRGHOV¶SULQFLSOH and the comprehensive roughness of the wetland determined by flume experiment, as well as some available information about Dianchi Lake, such as ecological environment construction plan, previous studies, wetland plants and the change of Lake water conditions, a vertical-averaged 2-D hydrodynamic model is established. The model is applied to simulate the flow field under 3 situations: present lake water, lake waters after breakwater removal and wetland build. Wetland plants and the change of the water boundary conditions influencing on the flow field are analyzed. The simulation results show that, removal of the breakwater to expand water have a faint effect on Dianchi Lake, however, it changes the boundary conditions and the part direction of wind-driven current, thus the part flow field is addition. The average flow velocity increases from 0.73cm/s to 1.18cm/s in the area between Fubao and Xishan in the north of Dianchi, increasing by 61.6%. The average flow velocity increases from 0.34cm/s to 0.57cm/s, increasing by 67.6%, in Kun-yang in the portion area of the north of Dianchi.
    [Show full text]
  • A Liveable Water Town for All - Wulongpu Project, Kunming
    A Liveable Water Town for All - Wulongpu project, Kunming Wenying Ma Original site infomation EXISTING PROBLEMS City transforming Modern city Tourist city Ghost town WHAT WHY At present, Chinese cities are developing rapidly, and most It is necessary to find a sustainable way of development for people yearn for a fast pace urban life. Some small towns are these small places. gradually abandoned, and those towns with good natural environment have become tourist cities to support the economy. This kind of cities has the possibility to have their own characteristics, which can attract different age groups to gather and live there. Under this environment, young people tended to seek for study or job opportunities in big cities. Only old people who were reluctant to move remained in old cities. In order to achieve sustainable development, how to balance urban development and natural environmental protection is also one of the important issues. The solution should be based on the local conditions and background as well. Both the expansion of big cities and tourism cities bring great burden to the surrounding environment. It is difficult to maintain the balance between cities and nature. In the process of urban development, the natural environment were destroyed, and pollution can be seen everywhere. RESEARCH PART LOCATION Train station Train station China Yunnan 1,370,536,875 48,005,000 Metro Line 1 Metro Line 4 Kunming 5,600,000 University town Highway Chenggong Gudian city 195,000 SURROUNDINGS The main road Area condition This small town seems Wasterland along the main road like that it is separated Connection by a highway.
    [Show full text]
  • 50164-001: Integrated Wastewater Management Project
    Initial Environment and Social Examination Project Number: 50164-001 October 2018 China Water Environment Group Investment Limited and Xinkai Water Environment Investment Limited Integrated Wastewater Management Project (People’s Republic of China) Prepared by China Water Environment Group Limited This Initial Environment and Social Examination is a document of the Borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Terms of Use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Dali Erhai Lake Basin Wastewater Interception Project Initial Environmental and Social Examination October 2018 China Water Environment Group Limited Table of Content EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... I A. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... i B. The Project ........................................................................................................................................ i C. Baseline Environment and Social Conditions ...................................................................................ii
    [Show full text]
  • 8D Yunnan Chinese New Year Dongchuan/Luopin/Jiaozi Snow Mountain Tour Code: YKNY8 Tour Highlights : Dongchuan Red Soil Land –Luoxia Trench View Unique Scenery
    Wef: Aug 2018 8D Yunnan Chinese New Year Dongchuan/Luopin/Jiaozi Snow Mountain Tour Code: YKNY8 Tour Highlights : Dongchuan Red Soil land –Luoxia Trench view Unique Scenery Luopin - 20 contiguous acres canola flowers Jiaozi Snow Mountian - Enchanting lakes, magnificent waterfalls, attractive cloud sea, charming sunset, exuberant meadows Jiuxiang Karst Caves - magnificent caves, waterfalls and beautiful landscape. DAY 01: Singapore / Kunming (L/D) Assemble at Singapore Changi Airport for our flight to Kunming , capital of Yunnan Province. Upon arrival, proceed visit Golden Horse and Green Cock Archway . Thereafter, visit Nanping Shopping Street for free at leisure.. DAY 02: Kunming/Jiaozi Snow Mountian/Dongchuan (B/L/D) After Breakfast, proceed to Jiaozi Snow Mountain . It should be hard to find a snow mountain in Kunming which is renowned as "Spring City". But the miraculous Jiaozi Snow Mountain is an exception. The snow- capped mountain got its name because it looks like a sedan chair (Jiaozi). In winter and spring, the mountain is covered with pure white snow, with beautiful icefalls hanging from cliffs . In one word, scenery in the Jiaozi Snow Mountain is extraordinary. Enchanting lakes, magnificent waterfalls, attractive cloud sea, charming sunset, exuberant meadows, and beautiful azalea flowers will make you feel like you are stepping into a fairy tale world. Next, proceed to Dongchuan. DAY 03: Dongchun/Kunming (B/L/D) Moring visit Dongchuan, brilliant red soil, the yellow buckwheat and the dramatic skies, all make the region around Dongchuan a paradise for photographers, rural place in the Wumeng Mountainous area, becomes very famous among photographers worldwide for its red soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article (PDF)
    2nd International Conference on Green Materials and Environmental Engineering (GMEE 2015) Evaluation of the Balance of Water Resources in Multiple Spatial Scale Based on Lorenz Curves and Gini Coefficients Haizhen Liu1, 2, Xuefeng Sang1, 2,*, Ziqi Yan1, 2, Zuhao Zhou1, 2, Jianguang Su3 and Gang Chen3 1State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China 2Engineering and Technology Research Center for Water resources and Hydroecology of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China 3Yunnan Institute of Water & Hydropower Engineering Investigation, Design and Research, Kunming 650000, China *Corresponding author Abstract—Influenced by special topography and three- lowest of 76.4 meters[3]. From the point of water development, dimensional climate, the distribution of water resources in six river systems are formed, namely Yangtze River, Pearl Yunnan Province is obviously different form other regions. River, Red River, Lancang River, Nu River and Irrawaddy According to the official reports of water resources, related River, and nine plateau lakes are formed because of the evaluations and planning in Yunnan Province in 2012, the faulting of lake basins, including Lugu Lake, Chenghai Lake, interaction cutting relation between administrative regions and Dian Lake, Yangzong Lake, Xingyun Lake, Fuxian Lake, Qilu water resource divisions was studied with geography spatial Lake, Yilong Lake and Erhai Lake [4]. T4e interaction of analysis method, and the areas of cutting units were calculated, geography, topography, river systems and other factors by which the water resources of per capita in city, county, contributes to the formation of a tridimensional climate township level administrative regions were figured out.
    [Show full text]
  • 中國交通建設股份有限公司 China Communications
    Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this announcement, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this announcement. 中國交通建設股份有限公司 CHINA COMMUNICATIONS CONSTRUCTION COMPANY LIMITED (A joint stock limited company incorporated in the People’s Republic of China with limited liability) (Stock Code: 1800) ANNOUNCEMENT OF ANNUAL RESULTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTSNote Revenue of the Group in 2020 amounted to RMB624,495 million, representing an increase of RMB71,381 million or 12.9% from RMB553,114 million in 2019. Gross profit in 2020 amounted to RMB80,036 million, representing an increase of RMB10,739 million or 15.5% from RMB69,297 million in 2019. Operating profit in 2020 amounted to RMB34,405 million, representing an increase of RMB273 million or 0.8% from RMB34,132 million in 2019. Profit before tax in 2020 amounted to RMB26,957 million, compared with RMB27,349 million in 2019. Profit attributable to owners of the parent in 2020 amounted to RMB16,475 million, compared with RMB19,999 million in 2019. Earnings per share for the year 2020 amounted to RMB0.92, compared with RMB1.16 for the year 2019. The value of new contracts of the Group in 2020 amounted to RMB1,066,799 million, representing an increase of 10.6% from RMB964,683 million in 2019. As at 31 December 2020, the backlog for the Group was RMB2,910,322 million.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Fertilization Practice and Phosphorus Loading from Soils Near Alpine Lakes of Yunnan Province, China
    Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 10, 1-16 http://www.scirp.org/journal/as ISSN Online: 2156-8561 ISSN Print: 2156-8553 Current Fertilization Practice and Phosphorus Loading from Soils near Alpine Lakes of Yunnan Province, China Ling Zou1, Kim Falinski2,3, Peifei Zhao1, Shenchong Li1, Lin Lu1, Min Dai4, Yiping Zhang1, Russell Yost5, Jihua Wang1* 1Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming, China 2The Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, HI, USA 3Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA 4Yunnan Meteorological Service, Kunming, China 5Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA How to cite this paper: Zou, L., Falinski, Abstract K., Zhao, P.F., Li, S.C., Lu, L., Dai, M., Zhang, Y.P., Yost, R. and Wang, J.H. (2019) Phosphorus loss from fertilization is a significant source of pollution to Current Fertilization Practice and Phos- freshwater lakes worldwide. Production of flowers, vegetables, staple food and phorus Loading from Soils near Alpine vineyard in regions surrounding Dianchi, Erhai, Fuxian and Xingyun lakes in Lakes of Yunnan Province, China. Agri- cultural Sciences, 10, 1-16. Yunnan Province is large-scale. Previous studies have shown that annual fer- https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2019.101001 tilizer application rates (AFARs) were excessive in these regions. Significant amount of arable land near lakes has been used to build recreational parks Received: November 27, 2018 Accepted: January 1, 2019 with plants that receive less fertilization to reduce P loading. To answer Published: January 4, 2019 whether rAFARs were associated with specific crops, AFARs of specific land uses were investigated through interviews.
    [Show full text]
  • Amsterdam University Press Chapter Title: the Value and Meaning of Temporality and Its Relationship to Identity in Kunming City
    Amsterdam University Press Chapter Title: The Value and Meaning of Temporality and its Relationship to Identity in Kunming City, China Chapter Author(s): Yun Gao and Nicholas Temple Book Title: Ancient and Modern Practices of Citizenship in Asia and the West Book Subtitle: Care of the Self Book Editor(s): Gregory Bracken Published by: Amsterdam University Press. (2019) Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv9zcjxq.13 JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms Amsterdam University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ancient and Modern Practices of Citizenship in Asia and the West This content downloaded from 35.176.190.142 on Thu, 30 Jul 2020 08:51:33 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 9. The Value and Meaning of Temporality and its Relationship to Identity in Kunming City, China Yun Gao and Nicholas Temple Abstract This chapter highlights the changing relationships between the city and its modes of representation through an examination of the historical transformations of Kunming, a city on the southwest border of China. Our intention is to introduce particular characteristics of urban space in Kunming as the basis for a more detailed examination of the historical differences between Western and Chinese perspectives of temporality in building, which will be explored in a forthcoming book, and how these differences are manifested in the changing social contexts of the city.
    [Show full text]
  • A Novel Calendar-Based Method for Visualizing Water Quality Change: the Case of the Yangtze River 2006–2015
    water Article A Novel Calendar-Based Method for Visualizing Water Quality Change: The Case of the Yangtze River 2006–2015 Lina Huang 1 ID , Mengyin Zhong 2, Qiyao Gan 3 and Yanfang Liu 1,* 1 School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; [email protected] 2 The Bartlett Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; [email protected] 3 Network Information Center, Changjiang Water Resource Committee, Wuhan 430010, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: yfl[email protected]; Tel.: +86-027-6877-8386 Received: 17 August 2017; Accepted: 13 September 2017; Published: 15 September 2017 Abstract: Mapping water quality change is helpful in the study of the water environment of a region. Using visual methods, interpretation of water condition and pollution issues can be intuitive and easy to understand. In this paper, we present a map to represent the spatial and temporal variation of water quality change in the Yangtze River during the period from 2006 to 2015. The calendar view was developed to explore the water quality condition and water pollutants for sections of the Yangtze River. A “W” construction was proposed to arrange the weekly water quality data in a continuous logic, and qualitative colors were designed to identify the change in major pollutants throughout the period. This map provides a promising visual analytical approach to investigate the water quality status and reveal the spatial and temporal patterns of water quality change in the Yangtze River. Keywords: water quality; spatial and temporal variation; visualization; Yangtze River 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Application of the Tiangong-2 Wide-Band Imaging Spectrometer Data in the Ecological Environment Evaluation: a Case Study of Kunming
    The Application of the Tiangong-2 Wide-band Imaging Spectrometer Data in the Ecological Environment Evaluation: A Case Study of Kunming Kang Liu1,2, *, Bangyong Qin1,2 and Shengyang Li1,2 1 Key Laboratory of Space Utilization; 2 Technology and Engineering Center for space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 100094, Beijing, China. Email: [email protected] Keywords: Tiangong-2; Wide-band Imaging Spectrometer data; Ecological environment evaluation Abstract: As a new type of remote sensing data source, the Tiangong-2 image data have several advantages and can be applied in various fields, of which one application is the ecological environment evaluation. In this study, the ecological environment status in Kunming, a major city of “The belt and Road Initiative”, is performed using data provided by the wide-band imaging spectrometer on Tiangong-2. The ecological environment evaluation system is established based on The Criterion for Ecosystem Status Evaluation, in which the vegetation coverage index, soil index and slope are used as the evaluation indicator. The ecological environment status in Kunming is evaluated and classified into four grades including excellent, good, medium and poor based on the “3S Technology”. The result shows that the ecological environment in Kunming is good, of which 62.75% is excellent or good grade and distributed in the area with high vegetation coverage, 30.84% is medium grade and distributed in the mountainous areas or the Dian Lake, and 6.40% is poor grade and distributed in the north of Dian Lake or other built areas. Strengthening the ecological protection and restoration of Dian Lake and its surrounding areas will help to improve the overall ecological environment quality of Kunming.
    [Show full text]
  • China Qigong Trip 2020
    China Trip 2020 Departure______________April 5 Return_______________ April 22 QIGONG Fee: $4,295* *Price includes international airfare TRIP TO from Seattle to China and back. All Forbidden City, Beijing CHINA 2020 domestic transportations within China, tuition, accommodation, all meals, listed entertainment and sightseeing. Wisdom and Peace *Price does not include visa. We provide service for getting the visa for Wellness Center $195 (multiple entries for 10 years) *Private rooms are available at an additional cost of $45/night. Deposit_______________$2,000 Stone Forest, Kunming Make your check payable to Wisdom and Peace Wellness Center and be sure to include your address, phone number, email and a photocopy of your passport: Wisdom and Peace Wellness Center 963 Alamo Dr. Vacaville, CA 95687 Deposit Deadline: Dec. 15, 2019 Dali in Yunan Province Final Payment Due: Jan. 15, 2020 Old Town, Lijiang Cancellation Policy: Comments from past Qigong trips: 1. Cancellations made before December --“This is the best tour to see China because 15, 2019 will receive full refund. of its balance of the study and fun, the APRIL 5 2. $1,500 will be refunded for quality of people and the sincere care from to cancellations made between Dec. 15, the guides.” --”Life changing experience!” 2019 to Jan. 15, 2020. APRIL 22, 2020 --”Thank you from the depths of our hearts 3. Cancellations made after Jan. 15, 2020 - you all are so gracious and kind to us, so - whatever recoverable costs we can open and loving.” obtain will be refunded. (Travel Read more on www.widomandpeace.com insurance is suggested) TRAVEL HIGHLIGHTS: BEIJING~~KUNMING~~DALI~~LIJIANG~~SHANGHAI BEIJING ~~ LIJIANG ~~ Our in-depth discovery of China begins in Beijing, the Lijiang is a perfect combination of historical sites, snow- capital of China.
    [Show full text]