Trinity and Ontology: Towards a Theology of Being As Space in Colin Gunton
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Middlesex University Research Repository An open access repository of Middlesex University research http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk Han, Youngsung (2018) Trinity and ontology: towards a theology of being as space in Colin Gunton. PhD thesis, Middlesex University / London School of Theology. [Thesis] Final accepted version (with author’s formatting) This version is available at: https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/24196/ Copyright: Middlesex University Research Repository makes the University’s research available electronically. Copyright and moral rights to this work are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners unless otherwise stated. The work is supplied on the understanding that any use for commercial gain is strictly forbidden. A copy may be downloaded for personal, non-commercial, research or study without prior permission and without charge. 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See also repository copyright: re-use policy: http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/policies.html#copy Trinity and Ontology Towards a Theology of Being as Space in Colin Gunton A Thesis submitted to Middlesex University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Youngsung Han December 2017 Abstract Youngsung Han, ‘Trinity and Ontology: Towards a Theology of Being as Space in Colin Gunton’ (PhD thesis, Middlesex University/London School of Theology, 2017) This thesis proposes that Gunton’s work on ontology is best understood if they are supported by a reconsideration of the concept of space that is used by him but is not as fully worked out in his work as much as other terms such as “relation” and “otherness.” It develops with the arguments that Gunton’s ontology has an element that can be best understood with the help of the concept of space (chapter 1); that most problems attributed to Gunton by his critics are problems resulting from their particular approaches, rather than residing in Gunton’s work itself (chapter 2 and 3); that Gunton’s use of the Cappadocians is truer to the thrust of their works than his critics’ (chapter 4); that “spatiality” will better serve Gunton’s purpose as his third transcendental than “relationality” (chapter 5); that the notion of “the three” which is not fully accounted in Gunton corresponds well with the notion of “spatiality” being suggested in this study, the latter encompassing both relation and otherness and the former encompassing both the one and the many (chapter 6); that the “one” language used of God in the Bible is better understood in an nominal than a numerical sense, corresponding to the notion of “the three” discussed in the previous chapter (chapter 7); and that the God of the Old Testament is the same God as the God of the NT in that they are “God” or “One” (God of all) who is both one and many, both general and particular, both given and shaped, rather than the former representing the oneness or unity of God and the latter the threeness or diversity of God, with the conclusion that the ontology of being as space is more fundamental and so more widely applicable than the ontology of being as communion of persons (chapter 8). i Acknowledgment The completion of this project was possible only with the providential love of my Father and a great deal of support from people who have been with me throughout this journey and deserve a recognition of gratitude flowing from the deep in my heart. First to my supervisor, Dr. Graham MacFarlane. I am deeply thankful for everything you did for me over the course of this research project, especially your introduction of Gunton to my world. My progress was terribly slow, but you did not show any sign of discomfort or worry but, rather, stood firm in continuing to encourage me with great patience and understanding. Every supervision I had with you will be remembered as a time of encouragement, wisdom and enlightenment. Above all, the faith you had in me throughout, it was the sole light that sustained me, even when I was losing patience upon myself. You did it for the Lord, I am sure, and so will I follow. To my family who endured, though always in hope, the consequences of the slow progress of my study under the circumstances of life we went through together. My wife, Youngsil, you have suffered too much for this, and I cannot find a word of comfort for you. My daughter, Chaerin, and my son, Joonmin, thank you for doing well thus far, bearing with those evenings and nights when I could not be with you. To my parents, grandmother, brothers and sisters who could not but wait patiently for this day in prayer, I cannot but thank you. Many thanks are due to our friends, people and churches who were with me through prayers, encouragements and financial supports, some even without knowing me. I would like to thank the Laing Foundation for the generous scholarship awards at the early stages of this project. To Kang Nam Church in Seoul I owe special thanks for supporting me in its latter years, particularly to my dear friend pastor Ko and elder Kim. I would also like to thank Korean Ealing Church with which I shared half of my research period, for having been a community of worship, a real context of theological challenge and an important source of financial support. Finally, but not least, London School of Theology, staff, colleagues and friends, past and present, you deserve my earnest recognition of appreciation for being a wonderful community of people of God the Father, the Son and the Spirit. ii Abbreviation Writings of Colin E. Gunton BB Becoming and Being: The Doctrine of God in Charles Hartshorne and Karl Barth, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001 2nd edn (1978). YT Yesterday and Today: A Study of continuities in Christology, London: Dart, Longman & Todd, 1983. EA Enlightenment and Alienation: An Essay Towards a Trinitarian Theology, London: Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 1985. AA The Actuality of Atonement: A Study of Metaphor, Rationality and the Christian Tradition. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1989. PTT The Promise of Trinitarian Theology, Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1997 2nd edn (1991). CC Christ and Creation, Carlisle: Paternoster Press, 1992. OTM The One, the Three and the Many: God, Creation and the Culture of Modernity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. BTR A Brief Theology of Revelation, Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1995. TtT Theology Through the Theologians, Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1996. TC The Triune Creator: A Historical and Systematic Study, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1998. IA Intellect and Action: Elucidations on Christian Theology and the Life of Faith. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 2000 CF The Christian Faith: An Introduction to Christian Doctrine, Oxford: Blackwell, 2001. AB Act and Being: Towards a Theology of the Divine Attributes, London: SCM Press, 2002. TtP Theology Through Preaching, Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 2001. FSS Father, Son and Holy Spirit: Toward a Fully Trinitarian Theology, London: T&T Clark, 2003. iii Contents Abstract i Preface ii Abbreviations iv Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Trinity and Being as Communion 1 3 ……...1.1. Trinity and Ontology 13 1.2. Being as Communion 17 Chapter 2 Social God and Projection 34 2.1. Gunton and Social Trinitarianism 34 2.2. Gunton and Projection 43 Chapter 3 Substance and Reductionism 56 3.1. Substance in Gunton 56 3.2. Reductionism and other criticisms 68 Chapter 4 Ousia, Hypostasis and Koinonia 83 4.1. Ep. 38 and the issues of context, form and sense 85 4.2. An interpretation of Ep. 38 9 3 4.3. Ousia and Koinonia 99 4.4. Conclusion 103 Chapter 5 Relationality, Particularity and Spatiality 1 06 5.1. Transcendentality 1 06 5.2. Perichoresis and Relationality 1 1 3 5.3. Space in Gunton 1 18 5.4. Spatiality 1 25 Chapter 6 One, Many and Three 1 30 6.1. One and Many 130 6.2. Three 145 Chapter 7 One, God of the World 1 51 7.1. The Shema (Deut 6:4) 1 51 7.2. The Shema in the NT 1 69 Chapter 8 Trinity and Being as Space 186 8.1. One God and the Trinity 1 8 6 8.2. Being as Space 1 9 3 8.3. Space and Personhood 197 Bibliography 202 iv Introduction As one who came to England with the intention to do a doctorate study on the book of Job, I had two paths ahead after finishing a MA course on Aspects of Biblical Interpretation at London School of Theology. The first was to follow the original plan, and the second to change direction towards a further study into what had drawn my attention during the course on hermeneutics, what then I called “relation theology” in comparison to “process theology.” I chose the latter, and the choice was like giving up studying about Job and choosing to do theology like Job (or the Joban author) did.