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Plistoriosil Revie^W Plistoriosil Revie^w The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI BOARD OF EDITORS LAWRENCE 0. CHRISTENSEN SUSAN M. HARTMANN University of Missouri-Rolla Ohio State University, Columbus WILLIAM E. FOLEY ALAN R. HAVIG Central Missouri State University, Stephens College, Warrensburg Columbia JEAN TYREE HAMILTON DAVID D. MARCH Marshall Kirksville ARVARH E. STRICKLAND University of Missouri-Columbia COVER DESCRIPTION: This poster by Joseph Christian Leyendecker promoted the Third Liberty Loan drive in 1918. Leyendecker, a German-born illustrator, was famous for his Saturday Evening Post covers and as creator of the Arrow Collar Man advertisement. In the years immediately preceding America's entry into World War I, opinions about neutrality and military preparedness divided the citizens of Missouri and the nation. Lawrence O. Christensen examines Missourians' prewar attitudes and activities in "Prelude to World War I in Missouri," beginning on page 1. [The cover illustration is from the Frederick B. Mumford Papers, Western Historical Manuscript Collection, University of Missouri-Columbia.] MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW Published Quarterly by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, MISSOURI JAMES W. GOODRICH EDITOR LYNN WOLF GENTZLER ASSOCIATE EDITOR CHRISTINE MONTGOMERY RESEARCH ASSISTANT ANN L. ROGERS RESEARCH ASSISTANT Copyright 1994 by The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201 The Missouri Historical Review (ISSN 0026-6582) is owned by the State Historical Society of Missouri and is published quarterly at 10 South Hitt, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Send communications, business and editorial correspondence and change of address to the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201. Second class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. SOCIETY HOURS: The Society is open to the public from 8:00 A.M. to 4:30 P.M., VOLUME LXXXIX Monday through Friday, and Saturday from 9:00 A.M. to 4:30 P.M., except legal holidays. NUMBER 1 On the day of the annual meeting, October 15, 1994, the Society libraries will not be available for research. OCTOBER, 1994 Holiday Schedule: The Society will be closed November 24-27, December 24-26 and December 31-January 2. THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State-Laws of Missouri, 1899, R.S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1978. OFFICERS 1992-1995 Avis G. TUCKER, Warrensburg, President JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City, First Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Second Vice President VIRGINIA G. YOUNG, Columbia, Third Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, Columbia, Fourth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Liberty, Fifth Vice President ROBERT G. J. HOESTER, Kirkwood, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer JAMES W. GOODRICH, Columbia, Executive Director, Secretary and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1994 ILUS W. DAVIS, Kansas City DALE REESMAN, Boonville JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ARVARH E. STRICKLAND, Columbia JAMES B. NUTTER, Kansas City BLANCHE M. TOUHILL, St. Louis BOB PRIDDY, Jefferson City HENRY J. WATERS III, Columbia Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1995 WALTER ALLEN, Brookfield W. ROGERS HEWITT, Shelbyville JAMES A. BARNES, Raytown EMORY MELTON, Cassville VERA H. BURK, Kirksville DOYLE PATTERSON, Kansas City RICHARD DECOSTER, Canton STUART SYMINGTON, JR., St. Louis Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1996 HENRIETTA AMBROSE, Webster Groves FREDERICK W. LEHMANN IV, H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid Webster Groves LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN, Rolla GEORGE MCCUE, St. Louis ROBERT S. DALE, Carthage WALLACE B. SMITH, Independence BOARD OF TRUSTEES The Board of Trustees consists of one Trustee from each Congressional District of the State and fourteen Trustees elected at large. In addition to the elected Trustees, the President of the Society, the Vice Presidents of the Society, all former Presidents of the Society, and the ex officio members of the Society constitute the Board of Trustees. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Eight Trustees elected by the Board of Trustees together with the President of the Society consti­ tute the Executive Committee. The Executive Director of the Society serves as an ex officio member. WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington, Chairman ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood BLANCHE M. TOUHILL, St. Louis H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid Avis G. TUCKER, Warrensburg JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City VIRGINIA G. YOUNG, Columbia EDITORIAL POLICY The editors of the Missouri Historical Review welcome submission of articles and documents relating to the history of Missouri. Any aspect of Missouri history will be considered for publication in the Review. Genealogical studies, however, are not accepted because of limited appeal to general readers. Manu­ scripts pertaining to all fields of American history will be consid­ ered if the subject matter has significant relevance to the history of Missouri or the West. Authors should submit two double-spaced copies of their manuscripts. The footnotes, prepared according to The Chicago Manual of Style, also should be double-spaced and placed at the end of the text. Authors may submit manuscripts on PC/DOS, 360K disk. The disk must be IBM compatible, preferably the WordPerfect 5.1 program. Otherwise, it must be in ASCII format. Two hard copies still are required, and the print must be letter or near-letter quality. Dot matrix submissions will not be accepted. Originality of subject, general interest of the article, sources used, interpretation and style are criteria for acceptance and publica­ tion. Manuscripts should not exceed 7,500 words. Articles that are accepted for publication become the property of The State Historical Society of Missouri and may not be published else­ where without permission. The Society does not accept responsi­ bility for statements of fact or opinion made by the authors. Articles published in the Review are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts, America: History and Life, Recently Published Articles, Writings on American History, The Western Historical Quarterly and The Journal of American History. Manuscripts submitted for the Review should be addressed to Dr. James W. Goodrich, Editor Missouri Historical Review The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201 im holiday Gifts Society members are encouraged to consider a gift membership in the State Historical Society, which includes a subscription to the Missouri Historical Review, when preparing their holiday list. Such a gift benefits everyone; it helps the Society to further pre­ serve and disseminate the history of Missouri, and it extends interest in Missouri's rich history to your friends or family. Additionally, memberships expand the influence of the Review and provide recip­ ients with an esteemed journal that they will enjoy throughout the year. For each membership designated as a gift, the Society will send a card to the recipient that will include your name as the donor of the gift. Please consider this outstanding and affordable gift idea, and send names and addresses for membership to the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201. Memberships are available in the following categories: Individual Annual Membership $10.00 Contributing Annual Membership $25.00 Supporting Annual Membership $50.00 Sustaining Annual Membership $100.00 to $499.00 Patron Annual Membership $500.00 or more Life Membership $250.00 A MESSAGE FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR The theft of a rare book owned by the State Historical Society this past year has required a review of the security measures in the Society's Reference Library. Patrons of that library now will be asked to place their coats and items such as purses, briefcases and other articles not required for the pursuit of research missions in coin-operated lockers. In addition, patrons asking to use rare books will have to provide a driver's license or other acceptable identifi­ cation for examination by a member of the reference staff. These procedures also will be required of patrons who visit the editorial, acquisitions and cataloging departments. The State Historical Society realizes that some of the thou­ sands of visitors to these departments will find these new security measures to be of some inconvenience. But to maintain control of the Society's extraordinary collections, the questionable acts of even a single person can affect those who have been valued friends and patrons of the Society over the years, as well as first-time visi­ tors. The inexcusable action by even one individual requires that these measures be instituted. The patrons who visit the reference, editorial, acquisitions and cataloging departments will be allowed to bring with them research materials, laptop computers and other items germane to their research activity. The State Historical Society reserves the right to have these items examined by a staff person, if such action seems warranted. Again, the State Historical Society regrets any inconvenience caused by these measures. But it believes that such procedures are necessary to retain proper oversight of its prized collections. CONTENTS PRELUDE TO WORLD WAR I IN MISSOURI. By Lawrence O. Christensen
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