REPORT 2013 – 2014 CONTENTS CENTRERESEARCH SETTING FOR FISH & FISHERIES RESEARCH (CFFR) CENTRE FOR FISH & FISHERIES RESEARCH MURDOCH UNIVERSITY is uniquely situ- 1 From the Director 2 Theated in Centre Western for ’s Fish & capialFisheries city, PERTH, Research at Murdoch University, Perth, FundingCentre members providers and collaborating organisations 85 Westernand is on the Australia, door-step wasof Asia established and the eastern in 2000 in recognition of a history Student completions (2013-2014) 6 edge of the Indian Ocean. MARINE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH GROUP of sustained and internationally recognised excellence in research and 10 MURDOCH is recognised as one of Austral- Teaching 11 ia’s leading research institutions with over Post-graduate Research 11 postgraduate training in fish and fisheries biology. Our main aim is to test Marine Management Research Group 11 two-thirds of our research being recognised Other marine research 12 traditional paradigms regarding fishes and their ecosystems to facilitate Coral Bay Research Station 16 ofas atWestern world standard Australia, or better which by independant have highlighted their uniqueness globally and ESTUARINEStumpy the Whale SharkRESEARCH UNIT 2018 theirassessors sustainability. in the Australian Our Research studies Council have focussed on the faunas and ecosystems Excelence in Research Assessment (ERA) and Overview 21 refinedwas recognosed our understanding as one being in the of top key five aspects per of fish biology and ecosystem How healthy are our estuaries? 21 cent of universities globally in the 2012-2013 The Peel-Harvey Estuary 25 function. Bringing back prawning in the Swan River 27 QS World University’s World Rankings. FRESHWATERA quarter of a century ofFISH Black BreamGROUP research 28 of the Centre having published over 600 papers in leading international The quality of research and postgraduate training is reflected in members 32 The Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research has Overview 33 excellent facilites with ...... Research projects 33 Team Sawfish 41 journals, the receipt of substantial funding from State, National and Sharks and rays in fresh water 43 Feral fish control in 45 International sources, and the graduation of almost 100 MPhil and Jawless fishes: 50 years of research 46 PhD students. Inaugural Western Australian Freshwater Fish Symposium 48 FISHCommunity HEALTH outreach UNIT 51

52 Teaching 53 Research projects 54 Enteric septicaemia of catfish 57 FISH & FISHERIES IN A CHANGING CLIMATE

PUBLICATIONS 6258

Disclaimer: The Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research has endeavoured to provide information that is appropriate and accurate for this document and we do not guarantee that all information is accurately portrayed. Murdoch University makes no representations about the suitability of this material for any purpose.

CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 1 From the Director

With the formation of the ‘super’ School of Veterinary & Life Sciences in 2013, which accounts for almost 60% of the University‘s research staff, the Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research has recently undertaken some restructuring. Long-serving Centre Director Professor Neil Loneragan is now the Node Leader of Wildlife Biology and Conservation within the School, and Acting Director Dr Howard Gill sought retirement to spend more time to pursue his love of fishing. I would sincerely like to thank both Neil and Howard for their leadership within the Centre, and wish them well in their new roles or pursuits, and acknowledge that both still remain very committed members of the Centre.

The Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research has continued to maintain its extremely productive outputs, with an average of over 40 peer- reviewed journal publications per annum since 2003, including over 125 between 2013 and June 2015. Centre members are to be commended for having also produced almost 20 books and 30 book chapters since 2003, including 7 books and 12 book chapters since 2013. The Centre members currently include 10 Academic Staff, 10 thePost-doctoral contributions Research of our Fellows, Adjunct 38Researchers PhD, MPhil and or MScDistinguished students and 24 Honours students since 2013. I would also like to acknowledge a wealth of experience in our research goals, and in the expert Collaborator and Professional appointments, who provide us with

Assupervision the current of Actinggraduate Director, students. it is with great pleasure that I get to

work with a professional group of researchers that have the interests of fish and their habitats at heart, for the better of Western Australia.

David Morgan Acting Director

2 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 3 Centre Members

CENTRE BOARD MSC STUDENTS Cole du Plessis Frazer McGregor AndrewKirsten Ball Broadley Chrostopher Johnson Shaun Collin Sarah Metcalf Stacey Blane BrettGreg JenkinsMolony James Tweedley David MorrisonHampson RESEARCHJoel Williams STAFF Amanda Buckland HONOURSElana Sulin STUDENTS Ian Potter JasonNatasha Crisp Coen Ben Reilly BenAlan French Cottingham Andrew Rowland JeffMark Whitty Allen Tom Bateman James Keleher Amber Bennett DISTINGUISHED Sarah Fretzer AndrewLeah Botton Broadley DIRECTORIan Stagles (Acting) COLLABORATORS Michelle Gardner PearceEllen Boylen Buchanan David Morgan Vanessa Jaiteh Michael Klunzinger Harriet Davies DEPUTY DIRECTOR Richard Warwick JoMelanie Marie KoinariAcebes Jake Chandler (Acting) Michael Elliott AbbyLe Ma Mitchell Michael Landry Cameron Desfosses ADJUNCTKen Pollock RESEARCHERS Jon Murphy PeterJames Howie Florisson ACADEMICFiona Valesini STAFF Mikayla Morine Keyley Hogan-West

Jennie Chaplin Bob Clarke Brad Norman Shona Jennings Lynnath Beckley Jeffrey Dambacher Marianne Nyegaard Amy Kirke DavidNic Dunlop Fairclough BrianOwen PohO’Shea JacquiJames LaoladaMorgan Mike van Keulen Brendan Ebner RebeccaKaren Paton Roberts Elizabeth Lavall Halina Kobryn Susan Gibson-Kueh AlexHoward Hesp Gill Brenton Pember Neil Loneragan Norm Hall Sam Robinson Natasha Prokop IanAlan Potter Lymbery Tom Ryan Gary Ogston Susan Moore MargaretSteeg Hoeksema Platell MichaelAlicia Sutton Travers MaxDelia Wellington Quek Gavin Partridge Gayani Thiakarathna Stephanie Venables POST-DOCTORALMalcolm Tull Daniel Yeoh RESEARCH FELLOWS MattKen Pollock Taylor Lauren Veale Lisa West Jeremy Prince MPHIL STUDENTS Joseph Christensen PHD STUDENTS PeterStephen Coulson Beatty Jeff Whitty Erin Kelly Mark Allen Adrian Gleiss Simon Allen Adrian Hordyk Eloise Ashworth

4 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 5 Student completions (2013-2014)

Doctor of Philosophy Honours O’Shea, Owen (2013). The ecology and biology of King, Brandon (2014) Diversity and abundance stingrays (Dasyatidae) at Ningaloo Reef, Western of Nudibranchia under the Busselton Jetty with Acebes, Jo Marie (2014). Historical catches of large Australia. (Supervisors: Mark Meekan, Mike van Antipas, Kaija (2013). Diversity, growth rates and influence of water temperature. (Supervisor: Mike marine vertebrates in the Bohol Sea: interactions of Keulen & Michelle Thums) population size structure of a faviid dominated van Keulen) communities with their marine environment, socio- ‘marginal’ coral reef in Fremantle, Western Australia. Lethrinus laticaudis economic changes and conservation management Roberts, Rebecca (2013). Economic strategies for (Supervisor: Mike van Keulen & Damian Thompson, Pember, Brenton (2014). Connectivity in the grass implications in the . (Supervisors: coastal disaster risk reduction: A case study of CSIRO) emperor, . (Supervisor: Jennie Malcolm Tull & James Warren) auratus Exmouth, Western Australia. (Supervisors: Lynnath Chaplin) Psuedocaranx georgianus Beckley & Malcolm Tull) Arnold, Justine (2014) Nudibranchs of the Central Parartemia French, Ben (2013). The Diets of Western Australian Coast. (Supervisor: Mike van Quek, Delia (2013). Development of genetic (),web and the and biology of Othos dentex Veale,estuaries Lauren and (2014).the biology Inter-period of Pelates comparisons octolineatus Keulen) markers for (Crustacea: Anostraca) and (Carangidae), the construction of a demersal food of the ichthyofaunas of two nearby, modified preliminary results of genetic analysis. (Supervisor: (Seranidae). Ball, Kirsten (2014). The ecophysiological effects of Jennie Chaplin). (Supervisors: Margaret Platell & Ian Potter) (Terapontidae). (Supervisors: Ian Potter, Alex Hesp, ocean acidification on the seagrass Posidonia australis Manta alfredi of anthropogenic activities on two aquatic Norm Hall & Peter Coulson) and their calcifying epiphytes. A study using pulse Venables, Stephanie (2013). Short-term behavioural Fretzer, Sarah (2013). Analysing the effects Masters of Philosophy amplitude modulated fluorometry. (Supervisors: Mike responses of manta rays, , to tourism van Keulen & Navid Moheimani) interactions in Coral Bay, Western Australia. ecosystems in. Western Australia and identifying (Supervisors: Mike van Keulen, Lesley Brain & sustainable policies for ecosystem-based Bennett,Metapenaeus Amber dalli (2014). The influence of sediment Frazer McGregor) management (Supervisors: Neil Loneragan, Norm Whitty, Jeff (2013). Utility of a multi-faceted compositions on the Western School Prawn Hall & Jeff Dambacher) approach in determining the habitat use of in a temperate Australian estuary. West,Rhincodon Lisa (2013). typus Diurnal variation in zooplankton endangered euryhaline elasmobranchs in a remote (Supervisors: James Tweedley & Neil Loneragan) communities and its relationship to whale shark Hordyk, Adrian (2014). The development and region of northern Australia. (Supervisors: David ( ) movements at Ningaloo Marine application of a length-based method to estimate Morgan & Colin Simpfendorfer) Bennett, Lisa (2013). Studies of the diversity, Park, Western Australia. (Supervisors: David Morgan the potential ration in data-poor fish stocks. Masters of Science abundance and feeding ecology of Opishtobranchia in & Brad Norman) (Supervisors: Neil Loneragan & Jeremy Prince) Coral Bay, Western Australia. (Supervisor: Mike van Keulen) Yeoh, Daniel (2013). The gill net selectivity of Ingram, Michelle (2014). The effect of salinity on the Physeter macrocephalus Metapenaeus four teleost in south-western Australian resilience of riparian ecosystems. (Supervisor: Alan Johnson, Christopher (2013). Modern and historical Broadley,dalli Andrew (2014). Assessing the potential for estuaries. (Supervisors: Ian Potter & Norm Hall) Lymbery) data identify sperm whale ( ) restocking the western school prawn Westralunio habitat offshore of south-western Australia. in a temperate Australian estuary. (Supervisors: Klunzinger,carteri Michael (2013). Ecology and life (Supervisors: Lynnath Beckley & Halina Kobryn) James Tweedley & Neil Loneragan) history of the freshwater mussel (Iredale 1934) in the south-west of Western Sulin,Sillaginoides Elana (2013). punctata Comparisons of the size and age Buchanan, Pearce (2013). The Chaetognatha of Australia. (Supervisors: Alan Lymbery, David compositions and growth of the Leeuwin Current System. (Supervisor: Lynnath Morgan & Stephen Beatty) ( ) in different regions in south- Beckley) Lyngbya characterisations of gastrointestinal pathogens western Australia. (Supervisors: Jennie Chaplin & majuscula on the diversity and abundance of benthic Koinari, Melanie (2014). Prevalence and molecular Alex Hesp) de Silva, Thomas (2014). Effectsin ofsitu in sheep, goats and fish from Papua New Guinea. macroinvertebrates during an simulated bloom. (Supervisors: Una Ryan & Alan Lymbery) (Supervisors: Mike van Keulen & Navid Moheimani)

6 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 7 Funding providers and Collaborating Organisations

Between 2013 and 2014 the Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research staff worked on research CFFR Research Grants (2013-2014) projects that totalled $5,037,640.

• Austral Fisheries • Oil and Gas • Corporation • Australian Centre for Applied Aquaculture • Fisheries Research and Development Research Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS) • organisations • Australian Centre for International Agricultural • Geocatch Trusts Federal Government (ACAAR) • Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment • • Livering Pastroal Co. Recreational fishing • Research (ACIAR) • Rangelands NRM Western Australia • Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) • Recfishwest bodies • Australian Research Council (ARC) Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation Inc. • Australian Society for Fish Biology (ASFB) • South East Regional Centre for Urban Landcare • Cape to Cape Catchments Group • (SERCUL) • Caring for Our Country South-West Catchments Council • Chevron Australia Pty Ltd • State Natural Resources Management (NRM) NRM Groups • City of CockburnWanneroo • TheOffice Crawford Fund • City of Swan • Swan River Trust • University of Local Government • ConservationCommonwealth Council Scientific of Western and Industrial Australia • TG Kailis Marine Conservation Fund • Research Organisation (CSIRO) • University of Western Australia • WaterUniversity Corporation of • Department of the Environment, Water, • WesternHeritage Australiaand the Arts (DEHWA) • Department of Fisheries, Government of • Western Australian Fish Foundation (WAFF) of Western Australia State Government • Department of Parks and Wildlife, Government Western Australian Marine Science Institution Australia (WAMSI) Department of Water, Government of Western

We would like to acknowledge and sincerely thank our funding bodies and our research collaborators for supporting the activities of the Centre in 2013 and 2014, and we aim to continue to conduct high quality, collaborative research and consultancies into the future.

8 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 9 Teaching

Murdoch University offers a Bachelor of Science conservation planning at Ningaloo Reef and of rock lobster larvae project, the results of an with a range of majors including Marine Science, planning for the second International Indian Ocean extensive survey of prey fields in the SE Indian Biological Science, Environmental Science, Expedition.Human use of the Kimberley coast Ocean off Western Australia was published in the Environmental Management and Conservation Journal of Plankton Research. & Wildlife. In addition, minors such as Fisheries Science, Marine Biology and Applied Statistics Alicia Sutton continued her PhD study on the are offered. Students completing these courses During 2013 and 2014, as part of the WAMSI zoogeography and ecology of krill in the SE Indian find employment as fisheries biologists, marine Kimberley Marine Research Programme, much effort Ocean. She has completed her examination of krill ecologists, limnologists, conservation scientists was put into conducting monthly aerial surveys diversity and abundance in plankton samples and environmental consultants. Details about these along the remote Kimberley coast in order to map collected throughout the Leeuwin Current system, courses can be found at www.murdoch.edu.au/ spatial and temporal patterns of human use in this Ningaloo and Kimberley waters. These data fill a Courses/Undergraduate-courses/. In addition, a region. Prof. Lynnath Beckley, Dr Claire Smallwood gap in her GIS collation of all published distribution range of graduate certificates, diplomas and course- and Dr Emily Fisher completed >45 low altitude records of krill in the Indian Ocean which she is work MSc options are available with details at: www. survey flights around the Dampier Peninsula using to link zoogeography with oceanography murdoch.edu.au/Courses/Postgraduate-courses/ between Broome and Derby, along Roebuck Bay across the basin. In addition, she has been Post-graduate Research and Eighty Mile Beach, and also in Camden Sound examining the trophodyamics of krill in the Perth and the eastern Kimberley region. These surveys CanyonMax Wellington using fatty has acids started and his isotopes. Honours project Murdoch University and the Centre for Fish & identified and geo-referenced both shore-based investigating neustonic prey availability for Fisheries Research offer an array of opportunities to and boat-based activities, including recreational fishing, throughout much of the region. In addition, a comprehensive review of the potential impacts seabirds across various meso-scale oceanographic complete Honours, Masters or PhDs. We currently of this use was undertaken by Dr Joanna Pearce, features near the Abrolhos Islands. Shona Jennings have numerous post-graduate students studying an analysis of boat launching at Entrance Point has commenced her MSc project investigating various aspects of marine, estuarine or freshwater boat ramp was conducted by Cameron Desfosses, oceanographic conditions in the Indo-Australian ecosystems. and Prof. Beckley, Dr Fisher and Harriet Davies Basin between Java and NW Australia, the only place completed a desk-top study estimating cumulative where the economically important, but severely Marine Management visitation by expedition cruise vessels to this remote depleted, global stock of Southern Bluefin Tuna MARINE part of the coast. MSc student Cole du Plessis has spawn.Benthic habitats and climate change resilience of started examining the temporal variability in this Ningaloo Marine Park Research Group cruisePlankton vessel research visitation.

Led by Dr Halina Kobryn, the project on high larvae which indicated that chaetognaths were a MANAGEMENT Established in 2002, the Marine Management Following on from an experimental study of the resolution mapping of the benthic habitats in feeding preferences of rock lobster phyllosoma Ningaloo Marine Park using hyperspectral imagery Research Group conducts a range of research been used to support research on the distribution projects in the Indian Ocean that generally provide was completed in 2013 with the publication of a the science that underpins management decisions. favoured prey item, Pearse Buchanan completed his major paper in PlosOne. This work has already Honours thesis during 2013 on the chaetognaths of Over the past two years work has focussed on waters and found clear zoogeographic patterns assessing human use of the remote Kimberley the Leeuwin Current system. He examined plankton patterns of fishes at Ningaloo Reef. Honours student, RESEARCH GROUP samplesand several collected new distribution from 22°-34°S records in shelf for Australianto oceanic Harriet Davies, has recently completed a study using coast, examining the pelagic larval phase of the rock resilience features and adequacy of the current lobster phyllosoma larvae, krill and chaetognaths these data and high resolution human use data for of the Leeuwin Current, habitat mapping and Ningaloo Marine Park to investigate climate change waters. As part of the FRDC biological oceanography zoning in the park. 10 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 11 International Indian Ocean Expedition Other marine research Genetic connectivity The oldest fish in Western Australia: Bight Redfish

Whale Shark research Connectivity refers to the exchange of individuals River Estuary. Attention has now been Metapenaeusturned Prof. Lynnath Beckley continued as the Australian todalli an investigation of the genetic implications of representative on the international scientific For over two decades Murdoch researchers, led restocking the Western School Prawn ( Bight Redfish is an important recreational and committee of the SIBER programme which focuses between the assemblages of a species in different ) in the Swan River Estuary, which is being done on sustained biogeochemistry and ecosystem commercial fish species in southern Western locations. An understanding of connectivity is by Brian Poh as a part ofChrysophrys his PhD research. auratus Another Australia, however, little is known about its biology. research in the Indian Ocean. In this role, she hosted by Brad Norman, have been monitoring the Whale fundamental to being able to assess and manage project is investigating the implications of culturing an Indian Ocean National Forum at Murdoch in Over the past four years, ~12,000 samples have Sharks of Ningaloo Marine Park. This long-term fisheries.Acanthopagrus Genetic butcheri assessments of the connectivity Australasian Snapper ( ) from been collected from the recreational and commercial April 2014, attended various Indian Ocean reference research has led to over 1000 individual Whale of a rangeArripis of iconic truttaceus species, including Black Bream wildare being caught conducted eggs. This in isconjunction being undertaken with Challenger by groupto write meetings the science in India, plan Chinafor the and second Mauritius International and fishing sectors in waters between Cape Naturaliste Sharks being indentified, and recent research is ( Portunus armatus), Western Australian Honours student Natasha Prokop. These projects and the WA/SA border by researchers at Murdoch was invited to participate in a SCOR working group examining their movement patterns using acoustic Bodianus frenchii Salmon ( ) and Blue Swimmer University (Peter Coulson and Ian Potter)and telemetry, satellite tracking and daily diaries. Crabs ( ), have been completed InstituteHarlequin of FishTechnology, Fremantle. the Department of Fisheries (Jeff Norriss, David Indian Ocean Expedition (2016-2020). This has Honours student Lisa West recently completed her Foxfish (Photo: Ellen Boylan) Choerodon rubescens Foxfish otolith chronologies in the past. Work in this area is continuing with Fairclough, Tim Leary and Gary Jackson). These been recently ratified by the 140+ countries of the theiss on the feeding ecology of this iconic species. Michelle Gardner’sChrysophrys PhD auratus research on Baldchin International Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO samples are being used to determine the age and research vessel Investigator Groper ( ) and Australasian growth, as well as the timing and duration of and the Expedition will be officially launched in Snapper ( ). This work was Indiaexpected in November that it will 2015. be able With to participate Australia’s innew Indian Project investigating the effects of selected One component of Ben French’s PhD, which was spawning of this species and, importantly, the length funded by the Western Australian Marine Science completed in 2013 under the supervision of Ian and age at maturation. Preliminary results for this now commissioned, it is Ellen Boylen has recently completed her Honours Lethrinus coincides with an increase in the length and age Bodianus frenchii Institution. In 2014, Honours student Brenton Potter, Alex Hesp, PeterOthos Coulson dentex and Norm Hall State NRM funded project suggest that there is a Pemberlaticaudis also completed a preliminary analysis of was to determine the biological characteristics of decline in reproduction from west to east, which Ocean research voyages as part of the Expedition. environmental parameters on the otolith growth of genetic connectivity in the Grass Emperor, the long-lived labrid, the Foxfish ( ). the Harlequin Fish ( ), a highly sought . These projects are being conducted in after species by recreational and commercial fishers at maturity. Another important finding is that, like Her supervisors were Peter Coulson, Adrian Hordyk, collaboration with the Department of Fisheries, many other species in waters off the south coast, Ian Potter and Norm Hall. on the south coast of Western Australia. A unique Western Australia. findingand histological from Ben’s analysis work wasof the that, ovaries through and thetestes, use of Bight Redfish is extremely long-lived, attaining a lengthHarlequin and Fish age compositionsis a gonochorist, of females a sexual and pattern males maximum age of 84 years, which makes it the oldest Otoliths already collected by Steve Cossington during Further reading: fish aged in Western Australian waters. his Honours Degree between 2004 and 2006 were structures of three congeneric species of coastal Epinephelides utilised in Ellen’s research. The widths of successive Moore, G.I. & Chaplin,: J.A. Arripidae (2013)) Populationwith extensive genetic armatus growth increments, measured on sectioned otoliths, only previously recorded definitively for one other . anthiine serranid, i.e. Breaksea Cod ( were detrended to remove any age related growth pelagicEnvironmental fishes ( Biology of Fishes declines but preserveB. frenchii any populations climate signals, at Rottnest in order ), which also occurs in south-western larval, post-settlement and adult movements Australia. Underwater observations of this species to construct the mean increment chronologies Genetic implications of restocking 96: 1087-1099 (MIC) for the and evidence from low gonado-somatic indices for males, indicate that this species is a pair spawner. Island on the south-west coast (Indian Ocean), and of the large spots on the lower half of the body of Esperance on the south coast (Southern Ocean). As their name suggests, Harlequin Fish are a brightly coloured species. Quantitative examination Aged individuals spanned 60 years, between 1953 Centroberyx gerrardi and 2004. The MIC for the Esperance population Restocking is an increasingly important tool for theindividuals management of a particular of marine species fish and in crustaceana hatchery and Harlequin Fish demonstrated that while these spots was most strongly correlated with the Fremantle Bight Redfish (Photo: Paul Lewis) sea level, a measure of the strength of the Leeuwin populations. It involves growing large numbers of are similarly yellow in juveniles and adult females, Current, suggesting that warmer waters brought they become blue in males at maturity and this tothe the MIC south for the coast Rottnest by a strong population, Leeuwin was Current closely then releasing them into the wild to supplement intensifies during the spawning period, when they positively influence otolith growth. In contrast, depleted stocks. An understanding of the extent presumably play an important role in agonistic and nature of the genetic implications of restocking interactions among males and courtship with correlated with summer sea surface temperature. Sectioned otolith of a 51 year old Foxfish and a region at is essential for the development of responsible females. higher magnification showing indvidual increments and their restockingAcanthopagrus practices butcheri and such a study has recently corresponding years. been completed on restocking of Black Bream ( ) in the Blackwood

12 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 13 Southern Calamari The daily growth rings present in the statoliths, Comparisons of the diet of five species of flathead prepared by sanding and polishing both sides to Historical Perspectives of give a thin transverse section, are being used to Adrian conducted a meta-analysis of over 120 rule is capable of recovering an over-exploited stock firstFisheries step Exploitationtowards achieving in the Indo-Pacificsustainability represents in marine species, and examined the variation within an acceptable time-frame and with acceptably marine capture fisheries. JakeSepioteuthis Chandler australis is currently investigating the This study has determined the extents and basis for andThe patternsresults of in this the study life-history suggest ratios, that there and the is low risk. However, the results also demonstrate reproductivefor his Honours biology Degree of underSouthern the Calamarisupervision of age individuals in order to determine growth and variations in the composition of the prey ingested by relationships between size and spawning potential. that care must be taken when setting SPR target an important step in what we hope will be ongoing ( ) in south-western Australia longevity. Preliminary results from over 3,300 the abundant species of a family highly adapted for reference points. international research on the marine environmental samples collected by recreational and commercial ambush predation, i.e. Platycephalidae, in a region potential to establish a theoretical framework for history of Asian and Pacific seas. Peter Coulson and Steve Leporati. This projectSend us is your fishers and by researchers from Albany on the south (south-westerndata were thus collected Australia) for where Leviprora that familyinops andis found ‘borrowing’ knowledge from well-studied species to This research provides a framework to estimate the squidthe first of its kind to employ recreational fishers to coast, Geographe Bay and Cockburn Sound, indicate inPlatycephalus different habitats laevigatus and environments. Dietary apply to unstudied species. relevant life history parameters for unstudied and Further reading: Historical largerdonate Recreational samples of a Fishing cephalopod Initiatives in the Fund “ project that the growth and maximum size of Southern Platycephalus westraliae the relationship between these ratios and length data-poor stocks, and the LB-SPR model has the Perspectives of Fisheries Exploitation in the ” program. Jake’s Honours project is part of a Calamari increases with increasing latitude (i.e. from seagrass in marine Adrian developed analytical models to examine potential to be applied for the assessment of a wide Christensen,Indo-Pacific, J. & Tull, M. (eds.), biological characteristics of this recreationally and increasing gradient from warm to cooler waters). embaymentswith those recorded and for previously for Platycephalus from rangeHistorical of otherwise perspectives unassessable of fisheries stocks. exploitation led by Peter Coulson, which aims to shed light on the If you’d like to get involved, email Peter at overspeculator sand in an estuary. These were then collated structure, growth pattern, spawning-per-recruit, in the Indo-Pacific MARE Publication Series 12, DOI [email protected]. an estuary and for Platycephalus longispinis and the spawning potential ratio (SPR). He then 10.1007/978-94-017-8727-7_1, © Springer commercially important species. from over sand and in seagrass in extended these models to include more realistic Science+BusinessCitizen science monitoring Media Dordrecht of artificial 2014. reefs HOW YOUR CONTRIBUTION WILL HELP assumptions about maturity and selectivity, to from over sand in coastal marine waters. While develop a model that estimates SPR from basic Historical knowledge has an important role in This project is funded through recreational Southern calamari is one of the most popular fishing licence fees as part of the crustaceansdietary contributions and teleosts varied together greatly, dominated with those the of biological knowledge and length data; the length- addressingof historical the perspectives problems facingunderpinned marine thecapture History in nearshore coastal waters off Bunbury and recreationally-caught species in WA. The popularity Recreational Fishing Initiatives Fund and of squid fishing continues to grow, with tackle diet of all five species, their percentageL. inops volumetric based SPR model (LB-SPR). fisheries today. The growing awareness of the value Following the deployment of artificial reefs is supported by Recfishwest and the stores expanding their range of squid-specific gear P. speculator Department of Fisheries. SEND US YOUR SQUID and people traveling from all over the world to take for P. longispinis L. inops part in WA squid fishing competitions. crustaceans ranging from 7% for to 65% for The utility of the LB-SPR model, and its sensitivity to of Marine Populations (HMAP) project, a Dunsborough, Honours students James Florisson Research on southern calamari in other states Donate your squid catch to research and and those of teleosts ranging from 29% violations of the main assumptions, was examined 10-year global research collaboration concerned and Tom Bateman have been using recreational has shown they are fast-growing, short-lived (less help secure the future of WA’s fantastic The investigators to of 91% this forproject include. Peter using Monte Carlo simulations, and the results with the long-term interaction of humans and fishers to collect underwater video footage of the than a year) and form area-specific populations – but the species has so far received little research recreational fishing suggest that the model has potential to effectively the marine environment. HMAP Asia forms one different species of fish utilising these new potential attention in Western Australia. Therefore, we need estimate SPR for data-poor fisheries. However, of the 12 regional case-studies, and specifically habitats. The recreational fishers provide monthly to find out about the dynamics of southern calamari populations in WA to determine where and when Coulson, Margaret Platell, Bob Clarke and Ian Potter the results also showed that care must be taken to addresses a lack of knowledge about the history videos recorded on their local artificial reef and they spawn, how fast they grow in different areas, andThe fundingdevelopment was provided and application through FRDC. of a length- evaluate the validity of the assumptions and the of fishing and the historic impact of human activity nearbywhich is natural funded reefs, through from the which Recreational we quantify Fishing the age structures of the various populations and the based method to estimate the spawning potential biological parameters of the model. on marine environments in Asia and Oceania. At composition of the fish fauna. The aim of this study, connectivity between them. ratio in data-poor fish stocks Your contribution to this research will enable us a time when overfishing and declining fish stocks to better manage local squid stocks and help to Finally, Adrian conducted a management strategy remainbaselines pressing that expose problems the full for extent marine of scientists ecological Initiatives Fund, is to determine whether citizen ensure that there are squid to catch for the future. evaluation (MSE) to test a harvest control rule (HCR) and fisheries managers, the task of establishing science can be used as a cost-effective tool for M that links the estimates of SPR from the LB-SPR scale and extent of historic change is a necessary monitoring the fish communities of artificial reefs. Knowledge of the basic biologicalL∞ and k parameters of model to an appropriate management decision. The change is as important as ever; understanding the fish stocks, suchLm as the natural mortality rate ( ), results of the MSE indicate that the harvest control the growth parameters ( ) and the length at maturity (M/k), is and important Lm L∞ for many stock assessment methodologies. The ratios of these ver caught a squid in Western Australia and parameters ( / ) have been found to be Further information Ewondered how long they live, or when and consistent between individual stocks of the same DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES where they spawn? Then you’re not alone. 3rd Floor, The Atrium, Research scientists from Murdoch and Curtin species. This research, which formed part of Adrian 168–170 St Georges Terrace, universities and the Department of Fisheries are Hordyk’s PhD studies, and was supervised by Neil Perth WA 6000 thinking the same thing and need your help! (08) 9482 7333 Loneragan and Jeremy Prince, demonstrated the ABN: 55 689 794 771 The project, the first of its kind in WA and led by Murdoch University’s Dr Peter Coulson, looks at www.fish.wa.gov.au link between the variation in the ratios and the life- the biology and population structure of southern RS305 OCT 2013 calamari (Sepioteuthis australis) to help ensure history strategy of a species. that our squid stocks stay healthy.

14 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 15 Coral Bay Research Station

Our research station in Coral Bay has been operational since 2004. The building, which was donated by the Brogan family, includes laboratory and office facilities and accomodation for up to 8 persons. There are three boats and a 4WD vehicle available for researchers to use, and a recently donated glass-bottomed boat is currently being converted into a floating laboratory. Dive equipment and microscopes are also available for use by researchers. For more information on the Coral Bay Research Station, please contact the Director, Mike van Keulen ([email protected]). Project Manta WA

We are delighted that Austral Fisheries and the TG Kailis Marine Conservation Fund have teamed up with Murdoch University researchers and the University of Queensland, Earthwatch and Ningaloo Marine Interactions to begin the most comprehensive study of Manta Rays to date. The Coral Bay Research Station is ideally located to be the base for this new program, as the locality of the largest known population of Manta Rays on the west coast of Australia occurs in Coral Bay. Further reading: O’Shea, Owen (2013). The ecology and biology of stingrays (Dasyatidae) at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University. (Supervisors: Mark Meekan, Mike van Keulen & Michelle Thums) rays, Manta alfredi Venables, Stephanie (2013). Short-term behavioural responses of manta , to tourism interactions in Coral Bay, Western Australia. Honours thesis, Murdoch University. (Supervisors: Mike van Keulen, Lesley Brain & Frazer McGregor)

16 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 17 Stumpy the Whale Shark: Ningaloosurrounding Reef region is the waslongest declared fringing World reef Heritage in Australia in Since then, Stumpy has been recorded at Ningaloo the unmistakable and one of the longest in the world. It and the almost every year – with 67 sighting encounters Rhincodon recordedMurdoch Universityin the database has pioneered between 1995-2015. research on giant of Ningaloo typus2009, largely because of the annual appearance of the world’s largest fish, the Whale Shark ( ). this threatened species at Ningaloo, with over two decades of continuous monitoring. The most famous of these individuals is ‘Stumpy’ – so called because of his noticeable oddly-shaped tail. The Whale Shark was named Western Australia’s official marine emblem in 2013, and the work on Stumpy was originally recorded at Ningaloo in 1994 Whale Sharks at Ningaloo is globally recognised and was the first Whale Shark listed in the global as the most comprehensive monitoring program Whale Shark photo-identification database – his worldwide. codename is A-001.

Stumpy’s spot patterning reproduced at Sculture by the Sea (phtograph: Olivia Samec).

18 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 19 Overview How healthy are our estuaries?

Monitoring estuarine ecological health using Fish Community Indices The Estuarine Research Unit holds an unrivalled data sets collected by the CFFR in the Swan-Canning fish and invertebrate database for the estuaries Estuary since the late 1970s. Metrics are scored of south-western Australia, which has been based on their deviation from these benchmarks, built progressively since the late 1970s. This then integrated into a final FCI score (0‒100) and a data set, containing faunal community records Indicators based on biotic communities are used corresponding ‘report card’ grade (A; very good ‒ E; and detailed biological information for most to monitor and report the ecological condition or very poor) that reflects the overall condition of the recreationally or commercially targeted species, health of estuarine ecosystems worldwide, distilling estuary and its various zones (Fig. 2). provides an extremely rare and invaluable basis for how well the underlying ecosystem structures, understanding long-term ecological ‘change’ in these processes and functions are operating. However, estuarine systems. community Australia has been less quick to develop and adopt ecology these core indicators. Expertise within the group cover faunal (assemblage structurebiology and response to WithFisheries initial and funding Murdoch support University, from the researchers Swan River in the environmental drivers, ecosystem functiongenetics along; Trust, Department of Water, Department of resourcerestocking; sharing fish behaviour pathways); and movement (growth, reproduction,patterns; habitat age, classificationmortality, diet); and faunal Estuarine Research Group were the first in Australia prediction tools biotic indices of ecosystem to develop one such tool, based on fish communities, health. in 2009/10. This Fish Community Index (FCI) and and; supporting fish monitoring program has now been The group has also more recently used in each year since 2011 to assess and report strengthened research linkages to better connect theThis condition index is also of the currently iconic Swan-Canning being adapted Estuary, to other estuarine ecological health response and ecosystem through funding support from the Swan River Trust. service provision with key catchment drivers. estuaries in south-western Australia, including the Theagencies Estuarine and has Research strong Unitinternational works closely research with Walpole-Nornalup. Fig. 1: Stateconnections, management, including community through severaland research Adjunct and No species Sh-Wiener, Example of the metricsNo trop used spec to calculate the Fish The FCI combines information on a suite of ‘metrics’, CommunityNo Indextrop gen ( , number of species; Prop detr, and responds to a range of stressors affecting the Shannon-Wiener diversity;Prop benthic, proportion, number of of trophic benthic Distinguished Professor/Collaborator appointments. each of which quantifies an aspect of the structure specialists; Prop est spawn, number, proportion of trophic of estuarine generalists; spawning These international research linkages have and/or function of estuarine fish communities proportion of detrivores; facilitated many core comparisons that highlight species; the unique environmental and ecological features of ecosystem (Fig. 1). These metrics are measured species). the micro-tidal estuaries in south-western Australia from the fish monitoring data, then compared to compared to many of the large macrotidal estuaries historical ‘reference conditions’ that represent the of the northern hemisphere. best ecosystem condition observed over the last ESTUARINE RESEARCH UNIT 30-40 years. Establishing these references has been This section examines some of the work undertaken made possible through the extensive fish community by the Estuarine Research Unit in 2013-15. For more information, contact Dr Fiona Valesini (f.valesini@ murdoch.edu.au).

20 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 21 The Vasse-Wonnerup - understanding a unique how the ecological condition of the estuary varies River Trust to understand the drivers of these used to further our understanding of how the wetland of international importance The FCI enables estuary managers to understand Theindices CFFR and continues the ways to in work which closely particular with stressorsthe Swan Several projects in the Estuarine Research Unit in the United Kingdom. Their study has again The outcomes of Sam’s work will not only be since 2013 have focussed on examining changes demonstrated the usefulness of these fauna as over time and space, and how it responds to factors in these invertebrate communities to better indicators of anthropogenic disturbance (toxic heavy ecological health of the Swan-Canning Estuary is coast of Australia is designated as a Wetland such as algal blooms, periods of low oxygen and The Vasse-Wonnerup system on the lower west estuary health to the public, politicians and other impact on the ecological health of the estuary. We understand the impacts of acute or chronic metal loads in this case), particularly if changes changingwhich is currently over time, being but also developed to supplement for the entire a high changes in river flows. The indices also provide are also working to predict how estuarine health perturbations on estuarine health. in their taxonomic distinctness (a comprehensive resolution hydrological-biogeochemical model a simple and visual method for communicating might change in future years due to the effects of biodiversity measure) are examined. Further work of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention, providing habitat for ~40,000 stakeholders. climate change, and particularly in response to the Drs James Tweedley and Chris Hallett led a project undertaken in conjunction with Prof. Warwick has Swan-Canning Estuary (led by Matthew Hipsey, waterbirds representing approximately 90 species. declining river flows that are predicted for south- in the Swan-Canning Estuary (funded by the Swan demonstrated that a particular measure (‘AMBI’ - UWA, and funded by the Swan River Trust with the that the health of the shallow nearshore waters extent of ecological degradation in estuaries, did not It has a highly unusual morphology and hydrology, western Australia. River Trust) that revealed the dramatic impacts of AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index), widely used across the support of the Department of Water). This model In the Swan-Canning Estuary, the FCI has shown the latter of which has been majorly altered by land a severe storm, which hit Perth in March 2010, on world and particularly in Europe for detecting the framework will represent a major advance in the drainage networks and floodgates which prevent the Further reading: the invertebrate communities in the upper reaches ability to predict complex estuarine response to has generally remained good to fair (grade B/C) in underway on a large review of the unique ecology of intrusion of seawater. It has also exhibited increasing recent years, following an apparent improvement of this system. Large and sudden inflows into the work in south-western Australian systems due to forcing environmental conditions or different signs of ecosystem decline through eutrophication, in condition between 2005/06 and 2008/09. Hallett, C.S. (2014). Quantile-based grading estuary caused the water column to become highly their unique characteristics. Work is also currently management strategies, and has vast applications algal blooms, anoxia, fish kills and foul odours, Similarly, the offshore deeper waters of the estuary stratified, resulting in extensive and persistent as a management and research tool, not only in the these deeper waters are in poorer health than the Ecologicalimproves the Indicators effectiveness of a multimetric index raising considerable community concern about its have generally been in a fair-good (C/B) condition deoxygenationof the effects of of oxygenation the bottom on waters the benthic of the upper microtidal estuaries around the world. Swan-Canning but in other comparable microtidal adjacent nearshore areas, and that particular zones as a tool for communicating estuarine condition. health status and its future. since 2011. However, there are indications that estuary. This event coincided with a CFFR study estuaries worldwide. 39: 84-87. Assessment of Current PhD student Samuel Robinson, who Despite the above, relatively little was known until the condition of the Swan Canning Estuary in 2014, invertebrate communities of the estuary, thus commenced his study in March 2014 and is Further reading: of the estuary (e.g. the Canning Estuary and upper basedHallett, on C.S. the & Fish Tweedley, Community J.R. (2014). Indices of estuarine recently about key aspects of its environmental and Swan Estuary) most frequently decline in health (e.g. allowing the impacts of this major hypoxic event supervised in a collaborative arrangement between ecologicalgaps over thefunction. last few CFFR years, members and are havecontinuing played to a do condition. on these fauna to be examined. Murdoch University (Drs Fiona Valesini and James grade D) due to perturbations such as algal blooms Tweedley, J.R., Hallett, C.S. Warwick, R.M., Clarke, major role in helping to fill some of these knowledge Tweedley)advancing ourand understanding the University of howWestern estuarine Australia and low dissolved oxygen levels (Fig. 2). K.R. & Potter, I.C. (2015).Marine The and dramatic Freshwater effect Research. of Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 32 pp. (Assoc. Prof. Matthew Hipsey), is also further (http://www.swanrivertrust.wa.gov.au/docs/ The number and diversity of invertebrate species an extreme weather event on the benthos of a so through a range of collaborative research projects. underwent a dramatic decline, and crustacean microtidal estuary. TheseFish faunas are outlined of the brieflyVasse-Wonnerup below. technical-reports/assessment-of-the-condition-of- benthic invertebrate communities respond to species (known to be among the most sensitive Can biotic indicators distinguish between natural pdfthe-swan-canning-estuary-in-2014-based-on-the- to environmental perturbations) effectively longer-term change and how their nutrient cycling Tweedley, J.R, Warwick, R.M. & Potter, I.C. (2015). fish-community-indices-of-estuarine-condition. disappeared from all sites. The invertebrate capacity is impacted by hypoxia. estuaries? Journal of Sea Research ). community did not fully recover until after the Little was known of the fish fauna of this system Other ecological indicators of estuarine health and anthropogenic environmental stress in end of the hypoxia, some four months later. These The main objectives of Sam’s study are to (1) until a comprehensive study, led by Drs James – evidence from the benthos 102, 10–21. results emphasise that microtidal estuaries such examine the nature, extent and drivers of any Tweedley and Steve Beatty, in 2012-15. To date, 38 species of fish, including two introduced freshwater as the Swan Canning, which have long residence changes in the benthic macroinvertebrate Tweedley, J.R., Warwick, R.M., Clarke, K.R. & Potter, times, are highly vulnerable to the effects of community in the upper Swan-Canning Estuary species, have been found within the system. The I.C. (2014). Family-level AMBI is valid for Estuarine,use in distribution and abundance of most species is environmental perturbations. since the mid-1990s (supported by historical data Coastalthe north-eastern and Shelf Science Atlantic but not for assessing the Fig. 2: Small benthic (bottom-dwelling) invertebrates collected by the CFFR); (2) determine how the strongly linked to changes in salinity, which can undertake core functions in estuarine systems, health of microtidal Australian estuaries. range from 1 to 130 ppt within a few months. The Dr James Tweedley, together with Distinguished nutrient flux capacity of key species is impacted by 141: 85-96. Example of the FCI ‘report card’ grades in the offshore such as decomposing organic material and hypoxic and variable dissolved oxygen conditions; resultspopulations have followingalso highlighted periods regions of poor of water the systems quality waters of each major zone of the Swan-Canning Estuary in Collaborator Prof. Richard Warwick (Plymouth nutrient cycling, and they are a fundamental food ecological response of the estuary under different that are crucial for maintaining sustainable fish summer and autumn 2015. Marine Labs, UK) and Prof. Ian Potter, have also and (3) support development of a modelling source for many fish and bird species. They also framework to forecast the physico-chemical and provide excellent indicators of environmental recently examined differences in a range of and fish kills. This research, was funded by Caring biotic metrics for the benthic macroinvertebrate change and, like fish, have been used worldwide to environmental (e.g. climate) scenarios. for Our Country and GeoCatch, and is guiding evaluate the ecological health of estuarine waters. communities in 16 estuaries and 34 coastal sites improved management plans for this system.

22 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 23 Further reading: This study has been highly successful in bringing Biology of the Western Striped Grunter The Peel-Harvey Estuary (Pelates octolineatus with Dr James Tweedley, Dr Steve Beatty – changes in its fish fauna together researchers, managers and the community (Murdoch) and Assoc. Prof. Glenn Hyndes ) Tweedley, J.R., Keleher, J., Cottingham, A., Beatty, S.J. to gather supporting information for better (Edith-Cowan), with additional expertise since the 1980s & Lymbery, A. (2014). The fish fauna of the Vasse- managingIntegrating this human unusual use and values complex and system. estuary- provided by Prof. Mike Bunce (Curtin), Jane As part of her PhD, Lauren Veale studied the biology Wonnerup and the impact of a substantial fish kill catchment science Chambers (Murdoch), Jim Lane (Dept Parks Inter-decadal changes in the fish fauna of the Western Striped Grunter, otherwise known event. Report for Geocatch. Murdoch University, and Wildlife) and Nic Dunlop (Conservation asopportunist, the Eight-lined using Trumpeter, both nearshore in south-western coastal waters Perth,Fish tracking Western and Australia. citizen 113 science pp. helping to solve 3. CouncilUnderstanding WA). community values, Australia. This species is a classic marine-estuarine fish kills in the Vasse-Wonnerup Estuary perceptions and knowledge: assisting Estuarinestructure andmanagement processes, needs but also to be needs underpinned to align adaptive management of the Vasse- and estuaries as a nursery area. Lauren showed Wonnerup wetlands Because the Peel-Harvey Estuary became highly by a sound scientific understanding of ecosystem eutrophic in the 1970s and 1980s,Nodularia reflected spumigena in , that many individuals of this species live in dense massive growths of macroalgae and prolific seasonal seagrasswhere they in protectedspawn at thecoastal end watersof the second for the year first andyear Fish kills have occurred regularly in the lower Vasse- with social and political realities and community (PhD student Shivani blooms of the cyanobacterium of life and then move into areas of sparser seagrass, Wonnerup Estuary in recent years. It is the larger- expectations. Purushothaman).Led by Prof. Sue Moore, a large artificial channel was opened in 1994 to bodied fish species, such as Black Bream and Sea Dr Kate Rodgers (Murdoch) and Maria Ryan subsequent years of life. However, large numbers 4. Adaptive management and the increase the flushing of nutrients from this large Mullet, that are most susceptible to such mortality In an innovative and collaborative research program, (Edith-Cowan). estuarine system. of young juveniles of the Western Striped Grunter events in this system. However, very little is known led by Drs Fiona Valesini and Jane Chambers and environmental policies of the Vasse- move into estuaries and are particularly abundant about how these species move within the estuary, funded by the South West Catchments Council Wonnerup wetlands in systems when they contain extensive growths of Previous studies in 1980/81 and 1996/97 and particularly around the flood gates. (SWCC) through a grant from the Australian demonstrated that the resultant changes to the tidal macroalgae and/or seagrasses. The juveniles grow Government, four PhD/Masters projects spanning (Masters student and salinity regimes and amount of macroalgae rapidly in estuaries, such as the Peel-Harvey, and A collaborative project funded by a State NRM the ecological and social sciences will work together Kristen Holgate).Led by Prof. Sue Moore, were accompanied by a decline in the abundance move out into the marine environment in winter, Community Grant in 2015 is aimed at determining to better support the management of the Vasse- Dr Kate Rodgers (Murdoch) and Maria Ryan of fishes, but an increase in their species richness whenof this they grunter are aboutis greater 18 months in estuaries old, and than where coastal the movements of Black Bream and Sea Mullet Wonnerup system. (Edith-Cowan). and a change in species composition. Data on they spawn in the following summer. The growth in the Vasse-Wonnerup Estuary using acoustic the ichthyofaunas at sites throughout the Peel- tagging techniques. The study is underpinned by a This research program, which will operate from Harvey Estuary in 2008/10, when macroalgal and marine waters, presumably reflecting the greater strong citizen science and community engagement 2015-18, brings together expertise from four macrophytes growths had increased since the productivity in the former systems. approach with Busselton Senior High School universities (Murdoch, Edith-Cowan, Curtin and channel opening, were collected and compared with students, along with the broader recreational fishing Southern Cross) and various management and those in the two earlier periods using contemporary community during a weekend of tagging fish. The community-based agencies, including not only statistical methods. WA Department of Fisheries have also contributed to SWCC but also the Department of Parks and Wildlife, due, in particular, to the relative abundances of this project. GeocatchThe four projects and the Conservationand their various Council contributors of WA. are Ichthyofaunal composition changedPelates with octolineatus period, and Ostorhinchus rueppellii decreasing between Preliminary results have revealed that Black Bream the ‘weed-associated’ species are highly mobile and can move on average at least as follows.1. Identifying the nutrient and carbon sources 14 km/day, primarily throughout the Wonnerup and sinks within the Vasse Wonnerup theperiods, 1980s but and not 1990s in the and earlier then period increasing. when Species tidal Inlet and Deadwater regions. There is very little wetlands. composition changes with season in the later two passage of fish through the floodgates. Led by Assoc. Prof. Glenn Hyndes water movements were far less. Furthermore, This study provides crucial data for helping refine (Edith-Cowan), together with Dr Jane composition was related far more to region in the operation of the floodgates and determining Chambers (Murdoch) and Prof. Bradley earliest and latest periods, when weed-associated minimum gate widths required for fish passage. 2. EyreWho eatsand Drwhat Joanne in the Oakes Vasse-Wonnerup (Southern Cross). species were more abundant and especially so in Estuary? Constructing a quantitative This is being achieved by incorporating fish tracking certain regions. data with hydrological information from a gate and predictive food web for this wetland Pelates octolineatus operation trial (supported by Water Corporation and system. Western Striped Grunter Department of Water). (Photo: Chris Dowling) Led by Dr Fiona Valesini, together 24 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 25 Bringing back prawning in the Swan River

Science

Atand the Canning end of rivers,a long, wherehot summer generations Perth day,of West it was Work is also being undertaken by Brian and current typical to see lanterns and fires around the Swan is typically supported by extensive data on their student Kyle Hodgson to identify the fish species that Metapenaeus dalli Successful growth of many species in aquaculture Communitypredate on juvenile engagement prawns. Aussies would go to catch and cook a bucket of with M. dalli, theprawns. point Western where only School a handful Prawn of( ardent recreational) biology and ecology. However, this was not the case numbers declined steadily throught the 1990s, to where little such information existed. To fill this knowledge gap, research effort in the A citizen science program for recreational prawners, prawners were left by 2000. current project was focused in three areas, namely collaboration between the Australian Centre for ‘Prawn Watch’, was established by SRT in 2013 with larval growth and development, biology and ecology, the aim of (1) re-engaging people with prawning Community concern about this issue led to a and maximising restocking success. The larval in the Swan-Canning Estuary; (2) educating the work is being undertaken by PhD student Jason Recreational Fishing Initiatives Fund, Fisheries community on the prawn species in the system Applied Aquaculture Research (ACAAR), the Swan Crisp. Jason’s research has firstly described larval and sustainable fishing practices; (3) collecting River Trust (SRT) and the CFFR (funded by the development and has since determined the optimum data on the spatial and temporal abundances of temperature and salinity for survival and growth. He prawn species targeted by recreational fishers; and Research Development Corporation and SRT) to is now working on determining the most effective (4) aiding collection of prawn broodstock for the launch a restocking program for this species. This microalgal feeds and a protocol for identifying aquaculture component of the project. program, which began in 2013 and continues broodstock in peak reproductive condition. through 2015, has three main aims; (1) produce Multiple community training events have been held juvenile prawns via aquaculture for restocking Ecological studies of the prawns (i.e. their spatial acrossand provided the metropolitan to all participants area. Waterproof to aid collection logbooks of into the estuary (led by Greg Jenkins, ACAAR); (2) and temporal distribution in the estuary and and a Smartphone application were also developed undertake biological and ecological studies of this potential environmental drivers) are being led by prawn species to maximise restocking success (led PhD student Brian Poh and Dr James Tweedley, who robust data by recreational prawners. by James Tweedley and Neil Loneragan, CFFR); and have undertaken an extensive sampling program (3) engage and educate the community through incurrently the shallow correlating and deeper patterns waters in prawn of the abundancesystem More details about Prawn Watch can be found at: developing a dedicated citizen science program (led in every month for two and a half years. Brian is http://riverguardians.com/projects/prawn-watch. Aquacultureby Kerry Trayler, SRT). with a range of environmental variables. Brian For information about prawning go to: is also investigating the genetic implications of http://www.fish.wa.gov.au/Species/Prawn/Pages/ restocking the Western School Prawn in the Swan Prawn-Recreational-Fishing.aspx Aquaculturists at ACAAR achieved a world first River Estuary. Honours student Amber Bennett (who by culturing eggs from gravid (pregnant) females submitted her thesis in 2014) also examined the collected from the estuary and growing them sediment preference of this prawn species through through the naupliar, protozoeal, mysis and initial complementary field sampling and laboratory post-larval stages to produce juvenile prawns for experiments. release. The far smaller size of Western School characteristics of M. dalli Prawns compared to other cultured prawns initially Andrew Broadley, who also completed his Honours proved challenging, with only ~1,000 prawns project in 2014, determined a range of biological being bred and released in summer 2013. The including timing of development of novel aquaculture methods by the reproduction, size/weight at reproduction and ACAAR team to overcome these difficulties has since growth and mortality rates. Andrew is now led to the release of ~630,000 prawns in 2014 and undertaking a PhD in the CFFR, and is using the ~2 million in 2015. above characteristics to determine prawn biomass in the system and develop a bio-economic model to determine the costs and benefits of restocking.

26 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 27 A quarter of a century of Black Bream research

Acanthopagrus butcheri

Theestuaries Black of Bream southern ( Australia and also contributes) is the Alan Cottingham’s study has demonstrated that, in most important recreational fish species in the the Swan River Estuary between the early 1990s and mid-2000s, the growth, body condition and length to the commercial fishery in some of these systems. at maturity of Black Bream has declined and age This species is thus of enormous social and atof maturitythe estuary, has thereby increased leading (Fig. to1). a These decline changes in oxygen economic value. During the last 25 years, Ian Potter parallel declines in rainfall and thus reduced flushing andPlatell numerous and Ben excellent Chuwen, researchhave studied students various and post- Fish densities in these deeper areas have declined doctoralaspects of fellows, the biology including of this Gavin iconic Sarre, species Margaret in several concentrationswhile those in the in thenearshore deeper shallowwaters of waters the system. have

key estuaries on the lower west and south coasts of increased, suggesting an onshore migration of this WesternBiological Australia. characteristics of Black Bream speciesin the shallows to avoid accounts, the reduced at least environmental in part, for qualitythe ofabove the offshorechanges waters.in the biological The greater characteristics densities of offish Recently, the Recreational Fishing Initiatives Fund

Black Bream. This study was funded by the Swan (RFIF)Australia, funded which Ian could Potter then to collectbe incorporated data on Black into the River Trust, Department of Fisheries, Department of Bream in nine key estuaries across south-western Water and Murdoch University. massive dataset collected by the CFFR since the early Eloise Ashworth’s PhD involves developing a new to mid-1990s for this species. The aim of this study model, derived from otolith measurements, to is to compare the biological characteristics of Black produce more reliable back-calculated estimates Bream in different estuarine environments and of the lengths of fish at different ages. This will over time to produce a composite picture of these allow determination of the extent to which fish characteristics.biological characteristics The results of will this enable highly recreationaladaptable growth is influenced by inter-annual variation in and commercial fishers to understand fully how the environmental factors, such as temperature. Her project employs data from previous CFFR studies species vary among estuaries and alter in response on not only Black Bream, but also Mulloway, Foxfish, to environmental changes. They will also provide Breaksea Cod, Estuary Cod and Dhufish. The form Fig. 1: fisheries and environmental managers with key data ofat capture,generalised and growth between model otolith that radius best describedand age for conserving this important species. the relationships between fish lengths and age Changes in the growthlate of 2000s female (top) and male (bottom) Black Bream in the Swan-Canning Estuary from the mid-1990’s to Joel Williams (Post-doctoral research fellow), at capture, was determined for each species. The Restocking the Blackwood River Estuary whose PhD was on the biology of Black Bream in lengthswere then and used otolith to describe radii, predicted the relationship by the somatic between the Gippsland Lakes in Victoria, and PhD students and otolith growth curves for fish of different ages, Alan Cottingham and Eloise Ashworth are playing a crucial role in this RFIF project. Recreational expected fish length and expected otolith radius for A marked decline in the numbers of Black Bream and commercial fishers are being very helpful fish of the same age. A back-calculation approach, inCorporation, the Blackwood Western River Australian Estuary led Fishing to a project, Foundation with tagging studies and in providing frames of which employed this relationship and thus allowed funded by the Fisheries Research and Development Blackand is Bream.using his Joel expertise is responsible to explore, for running through the for the changes in somatic and otolith growth rates complex field sampling program and tagging studies throughouthighlight differences the life of in fish, the was pattern then of developed growth and Recfishwest, which was aimed at determining and tested. The study is developing well and will whether restocking was an effective way of sampling larval Black Bream, some of the factors replenishing depleted populations of this species. that influence recruitment, such as the volume of among species and the relationship of growth to Greg Jenkins and his colleagues at the Australian freshwater flow. environmental variables.

28 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 29 Centre for Applied Aquaculture Research, thus Fish tracking and ecology in the Walpole and Nornalup Inlets Marine Park mid-2015. Detailed movement data gathered will cultured juvenile Black Bream and stained their be used to compare how these four species use otoliths (ear bones) with Alizarin complexone the system and each respond to various biological, (Fig. 2), after which they were released into the The Estuarine Research Unit is re-visiting the environmental and anthropogenic drivers. Blackwood River Estuary in 2002 and 2003. As the Walpole-NornalupWestern Australia and Inlet one system, of just one three of the gazetted only pink stain in the middle of the otoliths still remains permanently-open estuaries on the south coast of The tracking of three co-occurring sparids, i.e. visible, the progress of these restocked Black Bream Black Bream, Pink Snapper and Tarwhine, provides has been able to be followed for 13 years. The results Marine Parks in estuaries State-wide, to re-examine a unique opportunity to examine habitat overlap show that restocked fish perform nearly as well as its fish communities for the first time in over 20 and potential resource competition among closely wild stock and can make a major contribution to years and track the movement patterns of key related species in an estuary. the recreational and commercial fisheries and also speciesIn a collaborative targeted by project recreational funded fishers. by the WA contribute to future generations. A study of the This PhD project, which is set for completion in genetic implications of this restocking program was early 2017, is supervised by Drs Fiona Valesini, also recently completed. Department of Fisheries and Murdoch University, Joel Williams and Chris Hallett from the Estuarine PhD student Daniel Yeoh will assess (1) spatial and Research Unit and Dr Dave Abdo from the WA temporal differences in the fish faunas throughout Department of Fisheries. the estuary, including how they may have changed since the early 90s; (2) movement patterns of Black Bream, Southern Bluespotted Flathead, Pink Snapper and Tarwhine using acoustic telemetry; and (3) the ability to develop a fish-based index of estuarine health to track the ongoing ecological condition of this Marine Park. Supported by additional funding from Recfishwest, Dan is also developing community engagement Fig. 2: activities to promote greater understanding of sustainable fishing practices and estuarine health. Unstained and stained otoliths from juvenile Black Bream The Walpole-Nornalup is a popular eco-tourism and (top) and an otolith from a 12 year old fish showing the pink stain recreational fishing destination, and this project has in the central region (bottom). generated considerable interest and support among the fishing community. Joel’s preliminary results for the Blackwood River Estuary indicate that, after hatching, the larvae of Seasonal sampling of fish assemblages throughout Black Bream move into deeper waters. The low the Walpole-Nornalup began in July 2014, and has so oxygen concentrations in these areas would be likely far yielded 43 species from 27 families. Preliminary to lead to the substantial mortality of larvae, and data analyses indicate marked differences in fish thus account for the poor recruitment of this species. species composition between regions of the estuary, seasons and between day and night. Further reading: An array of 17 acoustic receivers has also been Gardner, M.J., Cottingham, A., Hesp, S.A., Chaplin, deployed throughout the estuary to track individual J.A., Jenkins, G.I,. Phillips, N.M. & Potter, I.C.P. fish tagged internally with acoustic transmitters. (2013) ComparisonsAcanthopagrus of the butcheri)biological in and an geneticestuary . With the assistance of local recreational fishers, 23 Reviewscharacteristics in Fisheries of restocked Science and wild individuals Black Bream and 16 Southern Bluespotted Flathead of a sparid ( have so far been tagged, and an additional 10 Pink 21: 441-445. Snapper and 10 Tarwhine are set to be tagged in 30 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 31 Overview T

he Freshwater Fish Group maintains the most extensive database of fishes in inland waters in Western Australia, which has been achieved through the monitoring of most river systems in the State. Our work encompasses research on most fish species in WA inland waters and their habitats, including diadromous species and feral fish. Below we outline a few of our current projects. For more information visit www.freshwaterfishgroup.com Research projects

Fishes of the Pilbara - field guide and documentary

During 2013 and 2014 the group was involved with ENVfusion Films in the making of a documentary of the fishes of the Pilbara. This accompanied a field guide depicting each of the region’s unique fishes, as well as the feral species, plus other fishes of estuarine or marine origin that frequent fresh waters. This was a joint initiative of the Rangelands NRM Coordinating Group and the Western Australian Government’s State NRM Program and was co-funded by the Australian and State Governments. To view the documentary, go to: www.youtube.com/watch?v=d9v5DMzm_1o

FRESHWATER FISH GROUP

32 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 33 Ecology of threatened south-western Australian Knowledge is power in the conservation Protecting threatened fishes in the South West freshwater fishes of Balston’s Pygmy Perch, one of Western Linkages Target Area environments; (7) conducting the first ever remote Australia’s rarest freshwater fishes The findings of this study will be valuable patterns of the Western Trout Minnow through a The data and recommendations resulting from PIT tagging telemetry study of a freshwater fish this project will inform catchment managers of the to environmental managers in developing a in Western Australia to determine the movement F has carried out research to protect threatened managementchange, introduced and recovery species, plan habitat for Balston’sdegradation, Pygmy and conservation of three threatened freshwater habitats and populations of Balston’s Pygmy Perch secondary salinisation, water abstraction and A major strategic investment by the WA State NRM that are most at risk, allowing for the prioritisation The Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit Perch in the face of growing threats from climate Office funded a collaborative project on the ecology vertical slot fishway; (8) assessing and prioritising ish scientists from Murdoch University’s Nannatherina of sites for protection or rehabilitation. The project balstoni the threats to all species and formal submission Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit are is supported by the South West Catchments Council freshwater fishes in south-western Australia, fishes. The study consisted of three nodes led by of the Little Pygmy Perch as a threatened species working on a project to learnNannatherina more about balstoni one of through funding from the Australian Government focussing on Balston’s Pygmy Perch ( river regulation. The project was supported by the Stephen Beatty (Little Pygmy Perch), David Morgan (nominated as ENDANGERED) under the Wildlife south-west Western Australia’s rarest fishes, the and will run until mid-2015. ). Aims of the project included quantifying South West Catchments Council and funded by the (Balston’s Pygmy Perch) and Paul Close (UWA) Conservation Act. Balston’s Pygmy Perch ( ). This the extent of the contemporary distribution of Australian Government’s National Landcare Program (Western Trout Minnow) and was a true collaborative speciesPerth and is historicallyTwo Peoples known Bay near to occur Albany in freshwateron the south the species by re-surveying historical collection and the Government of Western Australia. effort over the past two years sampling more than 80 Theof Western enigmatic Australia aestivating have beenSalamanderfish the subject and of an rivers and lakes between the Moore River, north of sites, undertaking targeted removal of feral fishes sites. Black-stripe Minnow in the southern-most wetlands wide scale habitat degradation including salinisation at key sites, and prioritising instream barriers for coast. However, its range is declining mainly due to modification to enhance migrational opportunities ecological study funded by a NRM community fordecline this potamodromousfor the species which species appears in three to have target grant. The study, by Honours student Garry Ogston of waterways resulting from land clearing, and catchments. Our surveys revealed a dramatic range (supervisedin the extent by of Stephenoccurence Beatty, and area David of Morganoccupancy and destruction of riparian vegetation. Other threats Bradof both Pusey species (U.W.A.)) that will has result revealed in both alarming being declines to the species include introduced fish species, the been extirpated from the King River, Kalgan River, proliferation of migration barriers, ground and Turner Brook, Dombakup Brook, Marbelup Brook surface water abstraction, and ongoing climate and Moore River. Feral fish control was undertaken listed under the EPBC and Wildlife Conservation change which has resulted in significant rainfall and at four key sites, the most notable of which was in Act. By examining a range of hydrological and stream flow reductions since the 1970s. Canebrakespecies, including Pool in thethe criticallyupper Margaret endangered River. Hairy This physicochemial variables and undertaking importantCherax refuge tenuimanus houses a number of threatened species distribution modelling, the presence of The project aims to raise awareness of the plight of Salamanderfish was shown to be explained by the Balston’s Pygmy Perch and other threatened aquatic Marron ( Gambusia holbrooki) but has recently depth of habitat in winter and that of the Black- species in Western Australia’s south-west through become infested with the introduced teleost Eastern Key findings included: (1) determining the life-cycle, stripe Minnow by the degree of habitat connectivity. community events such as the World Fish Migration Gambusia ( ). migration patterns, and habitat usage of all species; The findings suggest that recent climate change has Day display held at the Margaret River Farmer’s (2) the discovery of new populations of the Little severely impacted these species and has highlighted Market in May this year. Excursions have also been Hundreds of feral Gambusia were removed from Pygmy Perch (a species only formally described by that urgent adaptive management approaches are conducted with students from Northcliffe District thisa barrier site as prioritisation part of the project. process The that project was developed also CFFR in 2013 representing the first new freshwater required to help the survival of these species. Highvalues School in the and region, four the schools processes in the that Margaret threaten River featured one of the first real-world applications of fish species discovered in south-west Australia in areathese to species teach themand various about the ways freshwater that such biodiversity threats can ~40 years) in the Denmark and Kent River systems, by researchers in the Freshwater Fish Group & greatly expanding its known extent of occurence; Fishvia helicopter Health Unit t in 2013. This process involved a (3) obtaining a much better understanding the be mitigated. combination of desktop review and aerial survey recruitment patterns and distribution for the o identify and assess instream Western Trout Minnow; (4) discovering new Complementing the survey efforts, the project also barriers to fish migration such as dams, weirs and breeding and nursery habitats for the Balston’s features activities aimed to mitigate threats to road crossings in the Margaret River, Scott River Pygmy Perch; (5) discovering that the Western Balston’s Pygmy Perch through targeted introduced and Brook catchments. In total, 20 significant Trout Minnow can ‘climb’ and ‘jump’ over instream fish control. The project will also feature aerial fish barriers were assessed and ranked according to barriers; (6) conducting the first mark-recapture surveys in a number of catchments to identify and priority for consideration of mitigation options to program to determine population abundances assess barriers to fish migration such as dams, weirs, enhance fish migration. of south-western freshwater fishes in riverine and road crossings.

34 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 35 Baseline survey of key fish refuges in the Margaret River The project was supported by the South West and increases the number of endemic fishes of Margaret River houses a diverse and unique Catchments Council and funded by the Australian the south-west to 9, with over 80% of the region’s Government’s National Landcare Program and the freshwater2 ,fishes and it being had an found uncertain nowhere future else. due The to its GovernmentWestern Australia’s of Western newest Australia. freshwater fish habitatspecies, undergoing at the time, increasingwas only known secondary from salinisation an area freshwater fauna and is one of the most important of 0.06 km conservation priority areas for freshwater fishes ambusia holbrooki and crayfishes in south-western Australia. The and contained the feral Eastern Mosquitofish Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit recently InNannoperca 2013 a new pygmaea species of freshwater fish for south- (G ). Members of our group have surveyed a number of key refuge sites in the western Australia was formally described as sincelisted foundas ENDANGERED it in other catchments, and we have catchment and made some alarming discoveries. (Little Pygmy Perch). This is submitted applications for the species to be formally Galaxiella munda the first species described in the region since 1978, under State and Federal law. The most notable was the complete absence of Western Mud Minnow ( ) in samples atGeotria sites where australis it was previously one of the most abundant species. Similarly, ( ) larvae (ammocoetes) were absent at 75% od their histroical sites. These declines are believed to be linked to declining surface flows resulting from climate change and groundwater abstraction. TheGambusia other major holbrooki finding of the survey was the discovery of introduced Eastern Gambusia ( ) in Canebrake Pool, one of the most important aquatic refuges in the system. This species, which was previously absent from the upper reaches of Margaret River, was one of the most abundantfor habitat teleosts and food in resources Canebrake and Pool. exhibit Despite highly their small size, these fish compete with native fishes aggressive fin-nipping behaviour. Over 80% of the Pygmy Perch and Nightfish specimens captured in Canebrake Pool displayed evidence of caudal fin damageto be acting resulting as a barrier from Eastern to the further Gambusia. spread A road of crossing at the upper end of Canebrake Pool appears Eastern Gambusia in Margaret River, but it is feared that the species may be able to bypass the structure in flood conditions or be illegally translocated furtherIt is hoped upstream. that the data obtained in this survey

will form a baseline for ongoing monitoring of The Little Pygmy Perch ( pygmaea Morgan, Beatty and Adams 2013) aquatic fauna in this important aquatic ecosystem.

36 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 37 Movement patterns of introduced Goldfish to certain habitats during its breeding period, with southern Pilbara, and we have discovered a pupping Carassius auratus have been widely and population demographics of the species in the introduced across the globe and feral populations most individuals being detected in an off-channel Goldfish ( ) wetland during that time. The results of this study site and nursery ground. We have determined that have considerable implications for developing their home range increases with growth, and our are known to have considerable ecological impacts control programs for the species, such as targeting catch per unit effort in the southern Pilbara (near within the receiving environments. Despite centuries connections to off-channel lentic systems during the Onslow and the Ashburton River) is the highest of domestication and its current widespread breeding period. reported for any sawfish species; which suggests distribution, there is a dearth of information on that this may be an important refuge for this the spatial and temporal movement patterns of The project was supported by the Vasse Wonnerup CRITICALLY ENDANGERED species. this species, which limits the understanding of the Pest Fish Steering Committee and funded by the impacts of introduced populations and hampers Australian Federal Government’s Caring for our thean introduced development population of effective of C.control auratus measures. in a regulated The Country program and Geocatch. Further reading: current study examined the movement patterns of Tracking Bull Sharks in the Kimberley . Morgan, D.L., Allen, M.G., Ebner, B.C., Whitty, J.M. &Pris - south-western Australian river (Vasse River) using Beatty,tis zijsron S.J. (2015).Journal Discoveryof Fish Biology of a pupping site and passive acoustic telemetry nursery for critically endangered Green Sawfish ( During 2014 we tagged a number of Bull Sharks ). 86: 1658-1663. with acoustic tags fitted with temperature and depth sensors, that were monitored by 20 acoustic ‘listen- ing’ stations in the river. This work is part of James Laolada’s Honours studies, and is supported by the Nyikina-Mangalavaries between day Rangers. and night, To date and wethat have their investi recruit- gated their prey, determined that depth utilisation - ment is related to discharge. During 2015, we will be downloading the acoustic receivers to determine their movement patterns during the wet season. Acoustic tracking Green Sawfish Pristis zijsron

Growing to 7 m, the Green Sawfish ( ) is The species had a high residency index within the one of the biggest of the world’s five sawfish species. Western Australia is also home to four of the world’s five species, but until recently, we knew very little array,for individuals although overthey thewere study highly period mobile, equalling with the ofand the the the use biology, of a passive ecology, acoustic or distrubtion array, whereby of Green we mean minimum distance travelled within the array Sawfish. With funding through Chevron Australia, 81.5 linear river kilometres> This is the total fitted acoustic transmitters to 40 individuals, we sum of the distances that a fish moved between have been able to determine the movement patterns the acoustic receivers.C. auratus One fish displayed moved 231.3 notable km (including 5.4 km in a 24 hour period) during the study. Importantly, seasonal movement patterns including a clear shift

38 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 39 Team Sawfish

Team Sawfish has spent 13 years monitoring sawfish Thismodelling research and will hydrology initially with focus partners on Freshwater from populations in the Kimberley. Western Australia is Murdoch, UWA and the University of Melbourne. home to four of the world’s five sawfish species, and our research is putting WA’s sawfish on the world Sawfish and Bull Sharks in the Kimberley, but stage. This work has recently appeared on National areas are predicted to see substantial changes in Geographic’sWe greatly appreciate Monster theFish, support and Animal of our Planet’s project plans are already in place to expand this work to River Monsters, as well as on ABC’s Bushwhacked. freshwater systems in the south-west of WA. Both Barriers to sawfish migration climate and understanding the vulnerability of fish partners and funding bodies. within these systems is of critical conservation concern.Other research

With funding from Chevron Australia administered through the Western Australian Marine Science Team Sawfish is also conducting research into the Team Sawfish appeared on Bushwhacked ABC3 in 2014 Institution (WAMSI), Team Sawfish is examining the movement patterns of Green Sawfish and Dwarf impact of barriers on sawfish migrations in north- next generation sequencing technologies to study western Australia. The team, in collaboration with Sawfish in collaboration with WAMSI, Chevron the Nyikina-Mangala Rangers in the Fitzroy River, and CSIRO. For her PhD study, Stacy Blane is using are tracking sawfish with an acoustic array above and below barriers, as well as mapping barriers the distribution of adaptively-significant genetic within the region. We are delighted that Adrian variation in the Freshwater Sawfish. Our group also people and organisations that helped out on the founded the Sawfish Conservation Society, now an Gleiss was just awarded an ARC DECRA to work with internationally recognised resource for sawfish us on the project. We would like to thank the many information and publications. project. ARC funding to understand the resilience of Further reading: fishes to climate change Morgan, D.L., Allen, M.G., Ebner, B.C., Whitty, J.M. & Beatty,Pristis S.J.zijsron (2015).Journal Discovery of Fish of Biology a pupping site and nursery for critically endangered Green Sawfish Climate change is threatening biodiversity globally, ( ). 86: 1658-1663. and fish are no exception. Their ectothermic physiology is responsible for water temperatures Whitty, J.M., Phillips, N.M., Thorburn, D.C., havingphysiology a strong to address influence questions on their relating ability to howsurvive Simpfendorfer, C.A., Fielde, I., Peverell, S.C. & Morgan, and reproduce. As a result, biologists often turn to D.L.Aquatic (2013). Conservation: Utility of rostra Marine in and the Freshwateridentification of AustralianEcosystems sawfishes (Chondrichthyes: Pristidae). vulnerable species are to climate change. However, many habitats show significant heterogeneity . in temperatures (due to variations in flow, stratification, shading), which in turn provide fishes with the opportunity to thermoregulate. This project aims to identify if fishes can use thermoregulatory behaviour to buffer the effects of climate change. It will use a combination of telemetry, bioenergetics

40 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 41 Why have so few species of sharks and rays evolved to live in freshwater systems?

Why so few species of elasmobranch have evolved close to the substrate would negate the problems to live in freshwater environments is an age faced by sharks swimming in midwater. old question. Common thought suggested that osmoregulatory costs may keep sharks at sea, yet Further reading: some 200 Million years ago, sharks were all but scarce in freshwater systems. In our new paper, Gleiss A.C., Potvin, J., Keleher J.J., Whitty J.M.,The Morgan welivers have to providecome up buoyancy, with a new however hypothesis, the difference relating D.L.Journal & Goldbogan, of Experimental J.A. (2015). Biology Mechanical challenges. toin densitybuoyancy between control. oily Sharks livers and and rays that use of seawaterlipid rich is to freshwater residency in sharks and rays. 218: 1099-1110 small, meaning that livers have to be large to provide appreciable buoyancy. Since the density of freshwater is even lower than that of seawater, this problem is expected to be aggravated. In our work, we modelled the buoyancies of common sharks and found that a simple excursion into freshwater would double negative buoyancy and an 8-fold increase in liver size would be required to offset this change. To test these predictions we sampled two species of shark naturally occurring in freshwater, the Bull Sharkspecies and had the the Freshwater largest negative Sawfish buoyancies and found of that any our model predictions were (almost) right; both elasmobranch studied to date, yet the liver showed similarincrease size, in size while to offsetits density this increase was slightly in buoyancy? lower than comparable species (See Fig.). So why did livers not

To address this question, we teamed up with Jean Potvin from St Louis University, a physicist specializing in hydrodynamics of animal locomotion. We found that simple increases in liver size would make bulkier, which in turn would increase drag, thus not providing a viable strategy. Overall, A) Significant differences were found in the buoyancy of our work suggests that living in freshwater comes freshwater elasmobranchs we sampled (red line) and those at increasing metabolic costs to sharks when in marine waters (grey line). B) No differences in liver size swimming, these are not faced by bony fish that have between individuals sampled in marine environments and a swim-bladder, providing a more efficient source of those we sampled in freshwater were found. C) Elasmobranchs buoyancy in this group. Interestingly, the majority in freshwater had lower liver densities than their marine of elasmobranchs that occur in freshwater are rays counterparts when taking their lifestyle into consideration. and their sedentary lifestyle and propensity to swim D) Lean tissue did not differ between freshwater and marine 42 specimens. CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 43 Feral fish control in Western Australia

Researchers with the Centre are actively involved A field guide to the freshwater Morgan,fishes of WesternD.L., Allen, Australia’s M.G., Beatty, Pilbara S.J., Province. Ebner, B.C. & with State government agencies, including the Keleher, J.J. (2014). Department of Fisheries and the Swan River Trust, local government and catchment groups in the Freshwater Fish Group, Murdoch University, controlCyprinus of introduced carpio fishes in Western Australia. Murdoch, W.A. Some recent examples include the control of Koi Carp ( ) from Sanctuary Waters Estate, Emu Lakes (City of Swan), StudmasterCarassius auratusPark (City of Wanneroo) and Woolupine Brook. Many of these waters also contain Goldfish ( ). Geophagus brasiliensis Our staff have also been involved in the control of Pearl Cichlids ( Tandanus tandanus) with the Swan River Trust, as well as the eastern Australian FreshwaterMaccullochella Catfish peelii ( ) in Lake Nimbin (Shire of Kalamunda). MurrayPoecilia Cod (reticulata ) were also found in Sanctuary waters. Recently we removed Guppies ( ) from the caves at Exmouth. Feralunfortunately, fish can have the Pearl devastating Cichlid impactshas now on spread into native aquatic animals and their habitats, and the Canning River system. recently been found in Western Australia as a result A number of introduced parasites and diseases have of introduced fishes. You can report feral fish by phoning FishWatch on 1800 815 507 Further reading: Beatty, S.J. & Morgan, D.L. (2013). Introduced freshwaterBioInvasions fishes Records in a global endemic hotspot and implications of habitat and climatic change. 2: 1-9. Beatty,cichlid, S.J.,Geophagus Morgan, brasiliensis D.L., Keleher, in MediterraneanJ., Allen, M.G. & Sarre, G.A. (2013). The tropical SouthAquatic American Invasions climatic south-western Australia. 8(1): 21-36.

44 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 45 Jawless fishes: 50 years of lamprey research While at Bath University, Ian had the pleasure of

Rob Hilliard joined the lamprey group in 1977 For the last 15 years, Howard Gill, Claude Renaud teaching David Macey and employing David Bird as a andin areas remained as diverse a crucial as the member structure for and many function years, of and Ian have been refining earlier taxonomic researchIan was delighted assistant thaton a the lamprey two Davids grant, agreedduring towhich duringthe feeding which apparatus, he showed intestine, his versatility exocrine by pancreas,working schemes for lampreys using both morphological and Lampreys, which are one of the only two surviving they continued Ian’s earlier work on paired species. molecular data. These cladistics studies are being groups of jawless fishes (), have retained a conducted with David Berryman, Frances Brigg similar body form for the last 300 million years. come with him to Murdoch University when he elastin-like fibres in the blood vessels,G. gonadogenisis australis andit has students been concluded from Murdoch that the and current crucial antitropical colleagues became the Foundation Professor of Animal Biology. and sex differentiation. He also played a major role from other universities. From the results thus far, Ian Potter started studying lampreys in 1964 Davidblood ofMacey the divergent undertook larval a PhD, and which adult involved stages in the in demonstrating that the life cycle of for a PhD at the University of New South Wales. comparing the oxygen dissociationGeotria australis curves, which of the is comprises a larval phase of 4¼ years, followed by distribution of lampreys reflects a limited tolerance AlthoughMordacia hemordax initially aimed just to study the 6 months of metamorphosis, 2 years of feeding of high temperatures and the dates of separation and life cycle of the anadromous parasitic species discoveredlife cycle of thatthe lamprey the concentration of iron in the parasitically at sea and an upstream migration of 15 major realignment of the continents during the late , based on data collected mainly found in south-western Australian rivers. He also months. Rob and Ian greatly appreciated the expert Jurassic into the mid-Cretaceous. from the Moruya River on the lower east coast of involvement of Dave Pass and Bob Cook in the Vet Australia, he discovered that the lampreys in that kidneys of larval lampreys was among the highest School in ultrastructural studies of some of the Karen Paton is completing her PhD, during which riverand considered contained a secondderivative and of very M. mordax closely-related, was of all vertebrates. This led to collaboration with Max unique anatomical aspects of lampreys. she has studied the metabolic responses of larval species. This newMordacia species, praecox which was Although nonparasitic both Cake in which the mechanisms that permitted such and adult lampreys to exhaustive excercise. Her of these paired species spend a protracted period iron levels to exist were determined. This provided When Rob Hilliard left, Glenn Power took over his results demonstrate that these responses vary given the name . M. mordax an excellent model for exploring aspects of the role in the lamprey group and worked with Max Cake throughout the life cycle and even between males subsequently spends a period feeding parasitically biochemistryDavid Bird showed and physiology that, at the of beginning iron overload of the in and Leon Harris on various aspects of the enzymes and females at maturity, reflecting adaptations to as larvae (ammocoetes) in freshwater, vertebrates in general and thus includingG. australis humans., the of lampreys, demonstrating that the muscle as well behaviouralMargaret River changes. lampreys M. praecox as the liver is lipogenic in adult lampreys. Glenn at sea, whereas the marine trophic phase has upstream spawning migration of went on later to Oxford on a Rhodes Scholarship, The biggest threat to the aquatic ecology of the been eliminated in and sexual maturity lipid comprised over 20% of the total body mass where the excellent biochemical training he had is attained in freshwater immediately after the and was as high as 25% in the muscle and 40% in received from Max was put to good effect and he completion of metamorphosis. Ian’s PhD thus the liver. These exceptional levels of lipids, which completed his PhD in very good time. Margaret River comes from climate change, contained both an ecological component and a comprised mainly triacylglycerol, were catabolised specifically, the declining trend in river flow. A taxonomic component, which included a complete as an energy source on the 15 month spawning run, For many years, Ian has worked closely with Helmut decline in rainfall has led to a significant drop in revision of the of southern hemisphere during which the lamprey does not feed. Bartelsconnective and tissues Ulrich Welchand the at structure the University and function of Munich. annual stream discharge (~50%) in the Margaret lampreys. The resultant studies enhanced or knowledge of River since the mid-1970s. Declines in rainfall and stream discharge affects the strength of the University of Western Australia have shown that the After completing his PhD, Ian spent a year as a staff of chloride cells in lamprey osmoregulation. upstream migration (from the Indian Ocean) of member at Duke University in North America, where Studies undertaken with Shaun Collins at the lampreys. The notable below-average annual rainfall heproductive worked withperiod Burke at Bath Hill University on respiration with in Martin larval in recent years led to no recruitment in 2012 and lampreys. He then spent a very stimulating and characteristics of the eyes of the different lamprey 2013, a worrying trend for this ancient species. familiesthe eyes representof G. australis adaptations to different life styles. Hardisty, the doyen of lamprey biology. During For example, among southern hemisphere lampreys, elucidating the trends that have occurred during the possess an irideal flap that that period, he undertook detailed morphological, M. mordax possesses biochemicalevolution of nonparasiticand physiological species studies and continued aimed at his reduces the amount of intraocular flare, a great advantage for a species living in brightly-lit surface waters.very large In contrast,photoreceptors the eye and of thus represents an a tapetum, which reflects light back towards the work on lamprey respiration. His taxonomic work led Ian to spend a summer with Carl Hubbs at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography where they adaptation for nocturnal activity. produced an integrated revision of the lampreys of the northern and southern hemispheres. 46 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 47 We proudly supported the Inaugural Western Australian Freshwater Fish Symposium

The Inaugural Western Australian Freshwater Fish Good Weekend Centre, Hillarys Boat Harbour, Western Australia on the 8th Keynote speaker, Dr Adam Kerezsy (Photography by Tim Bauer/Adam Symposium was held at the Naturaliste Marine Discovery Kerezsy/ ) November 2013. The symposium had been conceived as a forum to assist in the conservation and management of the unique fish and crayfish faunas in the inland aquatic systems of Western Australia. The event was attended by over 100 delegates, mostly from Western Australia, but also included attendees from most other Australian States and Territories. Twenty-eight speakers presented on topics such as threatened species, invasive species, fish parasites, sampling techniques, genetics, morphology, new species discoveries, fish kills, Indigenous Rangers and the management of fishes and their habitats. We were delighted to have two ASFB stalwarts, Dr Adam Kerezsy and Dr Brendan Ebner, as the Keynote Speakers at the Symposium. The symposium was supported by the Department of Fisheries, Government of Western Australia, Murdoch University’s Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit (Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research), Australian Society for Fish Biology and the Royal Society of WA. The ASFB provided additional financial support for the publication of 11 manuscripts into a Special Issue of the Journal of the RSWA (Volume 97, Part 2, December 2014) in the Royal Society’s centenary year. The manuscripts within the special issue include: a much needed overview of the fishes in fresh waters of Western Australia; a science communication strategy; an overview of the use of underwater video in fresh waters; a review of the critically endangered Hairy Marron; a review of the vulnerable Balston’s Pygmy Perch; monitoring of a recently constructed fishway; non-native and native fishes on the Swan Coastal Plain; impacts of secondary salinisation and an estuarine atherinid; as well as three publications on fishes in the Kimberley that relate to harvest of fish, food webs, and the Functional Habitat Concept. Keynote speaker and CFFR Adjunct Researcher, Dr Brendan Ebner (bottom left), with Kimberley Watson (top), deploying baited remote underwater video camera in the Fitzroy River.

48 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 49 Community outreach

Examples of some of the materials produced by the Freshwater Fish Group as part of our community outreach program.

The Vasse-Wonnerup What’s being done? What can I do to help? Aquatic The Vasse-Wonnerup Estuary is a Ramsar listed Scientists from Murdoch University have been • Never release exotic species into natural wetland of global importance and is home to over controlling feral Goldfish in the Vasse River since waterways; this can cause major harm to 37,000 birds, many of which migrate here annually 2003. In 2012, they began research into introduced aquatic ecosystems and it is illegal. invaders from their breeding grounds in the Northern and native species in the Vasse-Wonnerup catchment • Design ponds and dams so exotic species Hemisphere. They come to the wetlands to feed on including mapping seasonal distributions, studying FERAL cannot escape into natural waterways during of the the copious supply of aquatic organisms and renew movement patterns, determining salinity tolerances, heavy rain or flooding. their energy stores for their return journey halfway and continuing the removal of feral species. As of across the world. mid-2013, almost 2,000 Goldfish have been removed • Dispose of unwanted aquatic pets by returning vasse - wonnerup from the Vasse River and estuary. them to the place of purchase, or by placing Fishes are an important component of the diet of them in a bag of water in the fridge until some waterbirds and it is not surprising that fish motionless and then freezing the bag. populations in the Vasse-Wonnerup are highly abundant. Over 30 different species of native fishes • Dispose of aquarium water on dry land as it can inhabit the system, including popular angling targets harbour pest species, parasites, and diseases. such as Black Bream and King George Whiting. • Report sightings or captures of feral species in the wild to FISHWATCH on 1800 815 507; A catchment under threat don’t return them to the water after capture. In recent years, the catchment has come under • Instead of exotic species, keep local native increasing threat from declining water quality and species such as Western Pygmy Perch which excessive nutrient runoff which has caused numerous predate on the larvae of pest insects including fish kills. Flow reductions due to diversion drains mosquitoes and midges. and declining rainfall caused by climate change have • Circulate this leaflet among your local exacerbated these impacts. community to promote awareness of feral The introduction of Goldfish in the Vasse River is aquatic species and the damage they cause. another threat to the ecosystem. Goldfish stir up sediment as they feed, and the growth of cyanobacteria Photographs and text is stimulated upon passage through their gut, which contributes to algal blooms. Other introduced species Mark Allen, Stephen Beatty, James Tweedley & Scientists from Murdoch University monitor fish populations David Morgan (Murdoch University); Gerry Allen; Rudie Kuiter. like the Eastern Gambusia and Yabby compete with, in the Vasse Estuary using a seine net (above); electrofishing consume, and harass native species. for feral Goldfish in the lower Vasse River (below). For more information visit www.freshwaterfishgroup.com

This leaflet is an extension of a project carried out under the Commonwealth’s Caring For Our Country initiative. Publication of this leaflet was funded through a Coastwest grant provided by the Western Australian Planning Commission.

Printed on 100% recycled paper

www.freshwaterfishgroup.com

50 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 51 Murdoch University Fish Pathology Workshops – Teaching vital role in training for aquaculture industry of It is equally heartening to see an increasing number growing global significance of our graduates, both from the Veterinary College as well as the School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, We provide courses in fish health and production and run training courses in Australia and overseas coming back to pursue postgraduate degrees in fish to students in the School of Veterinary and Life health and related disciplines. If you wish to find The overall aim of these workshops is to develop Sciences at Murdoch University. We also design out more about training opportunities in this field, skills in disease recognition in an industry of aquaculture production, genetics and breeding, and please contact Dr Susan Gibson-Kueh at S.Kueh@ growing global significance as a means of livelihoods and provide a parasite diagnostic service. We murdoch.edu.au. and food security, aquaculture. The first of a series have expertise in fish pathology, parasitology, of workshops was the Fish Health Master Class, 12- 23 Nov 2007 at the Aquatic Animal Health Research environmental management. Recent training courses Murdoch University, in association with the World Institute in Bangkok, with 19 participants from include a Fish Health Master Class in Bangkok, 13Australian Asian countries. Centre for This International Fish Health Agricultural Master Class Thailand in 2007, a Fish Pathology Workshop at and a Fish Disease Investigation Master Class in was funded by the ATSE Crawford Fund and the Association for Veterinary Parasitology Conference, th Researchat (ACIAR), with additional sponsorship FISH HEALTH UNIT from Intervet Singapore. The full report is available Crawford Fund and ACIAR have been generous Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, in association with the http://www.crawfordfund.org/wp-content/ 9 Diseases in Asian Aquaculture Symposium. The uploads/2014/03/fishhealth.pdf. supportersMurdoch Veterinary of our international College students training programs.enjoy specialised training in fish health

Students get an opportunity to develop skills in fish disease investigations involving fish handling, anaesthesia, gill and skin biopsies and water chemistry tests as early as in their second year of training.and the art As ofpart disease of clinical investigations rotations andin their health final year, greater in-depth knowledge in fish pathology management are covered. Therenot surprising is growing as thereinterests are amonggrowing veterinary opportunities and life sciences undergraduates in fish health. This is This was followed by a Crawford funded Fish for employment in the rapidly growing aquaculture sector and related industries in commercial fish feeds and pharmaceuticals, including vaccine Pathology Workshop held at our excellent multi- production. header microscope teaching suite, in the School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, on In 2014, the Murdoch University Student Chapter of 22-24 August 2013, with participants from Western the World Aquatic Veterinary Medical Association Australia, Thailand, and . (WAVMA) was formed. The first fish disease wet lab was very well attended, with 22 student participants.

52 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 53 The latest Crawford funded Fish Disease Master Carter’s Freshwater Mussel: a threatened species It is one thing to establish that a species is endangered, however, and quite another to and appropriate sampling to determine cause of nature of invasive fish species, particularly with Westralunio carteri occurs in Further reading: Class was held on 24-25 Nov 2014 at the Ninth outbreaks.on The documents produced as part of this the co-introduction of exotic parasites, having an Diseases in Asian Aquaculture Symposium (DAA9) project on fish health management are available understanding of their impacts on our freshwater The freshwater mussel develop a plan for its protection.W. carteri There that are stillneed Doupé, R.G., Lymbery, A.J. & Pettit, N.D. (2006) conference venue in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. This http://www.aquaculturecouncilwa.com/ fishes becomes essential in the control and L. freshwater rivers of south-westernWestralunio Australia. It is the manyto be answered unanswered before questions we can about develop the effective life-cycle Stream salinisationAustral is associated Ecology with reduced workshop at DAA9 was attended by 19 participants sustainability/aquatic-animal-health/ preventioncyprinacea of disease. With the release of goldfish only freshwater mussel found in this region, and the and habitat requirements of taxonomic, but not functional diversity in a riparian from 9 countries: Saudi Arabia (1), Singapore (3), into WA waters has come the co-introduction of only member of the genus in Australia. plantParasitism community. in wild and cultured 32: fishes 388-393. Israelfull story, (3), pleaseThailand see (4), Brunei (1), Vietnam (3), . Unfortunately this parasite appears to The mussel was classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN management plans. A new PhD student, Le Ma, is Philippines (1), India (2) and Australia (1). For the have a high impact on the morbidity and mortality Red List of threatened species, but was de-listed in now taking up this challenge. http://www.crawfordfund.org/ rate of our native fishes. Knowing and understanding 2012. news/fish-disease-investigation-goes-digital/ why becomes crucial in the conservation of our Further reading: Parasites can have a major effect on individual native fishes. Michael Klunzinger recently completed his PhD on fishes and onGiardia fish populations.Cryptosporidium Melanie Koinari has prevalence and pathogenicity of the parasite L. thefound ecology that the of thisdistribution unique mussel. of W. carteri He described has severely Klunzinger, M.W., Beatty, S.J., Morgan,Westralunio D.L., Lymbery, carteri, recently completed her PhD on gastrointestinal Thiscyprinacea project is determining the geographic range, the life-cycle of the mussel for the first time and A.J. & Haag, W.R. (2014) Age and growth in the protozoans ( spp. and spp.) vulnerability to secondary salinisation and reduced Australian freshwater mussel, and anisakid nematodes in fish from aquaculture readily infected on native with fishesLernaea in the south-west. Our contracted in the last 50 years because of their withFreshwater an evaluation Science of the fluorochrome calcein for farmsthere wasand littlefish markets evidence in that Papua parasites New Guinea, were the research has confirmed that native fish are more a consequence, W. carteri has now been relisted as validating the assumption of annulus formation. first time such a study has ever been done. While than goldfish. Reasons water flow in rivers, the result of climate change. As 33: 1127-1135. for this appear to be due to a combination of both causing health problems in the fish themselves, a behavioural and immunological differences. This Vulnerable by the IUCN and as Threatened under the Klunzinger,conservation M.W., status Beatty, of Westralunio S.J., Morgan, carteri D.L., Pinder, number of zoonotic species were identified, posing is not good news for our native fishes as their Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act. A.M. & Lymbery, A.J. (2015) Range decline and a potential health risk to fishCryptosporidium consumers. We have propensity to become moreLernaea readily will infected continue means until Australian Journal of Zoology (Iredale, also continued our work, in collaboration with Una they are also more likely to suffer with higher 1934) (Bivalvia: Hyriidae) from south-western Ryan, on the taxonomy of spp. mortalities. Research on Australia.Stream salinisation impacts riparian. found in ornamental fishes in Australia. This is a Septemberinfection sites, 2015, parasite focusing distribution on the re-infection and intensity rates of communities complex storey, because of the great diversity of Research projects of previously exposed fish, the pathogenicity of parasite genotypes that occur in fishes and the high well on the introduction of the exotic parasite, prevalence. Jacqui Morgan is currently undertaking infections.Lernaea cyprinaceaMikayla McCredden’s PhD is progressing an Honours project on this topic. An introduced parasite on our native freshwater We know that the secondary salinisation of streams fishes , into our river systems, and the and rivers can have a dramatic effect on in-stream Further reading: impacts to native fishes. Mikayla is supervised by flora and fauna. It can also, however, leave a mark Anisakis As part of an FRDC project 2009/315:16 People Alan Lymbery, David Morgan and Stephen Beatty. on the terrestrial ecosystem adjacent to the stream. Koinari, M., Karl, S., Elliot, A., Ryan, U.M. and in Western Australia with the Aquaculture Council Michelle Ingram completed her PhD on this topic, Lymbery, A.J. (2013) IdentificationVeterinary of Parasitology development program: Aquatic animal health Fish Health Unit has been able to conduct research training scheme - Boosting Biosecurity Capability Thanks to funding from the Australian and Pacific studying experimentally cleared and natural, species (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in marine fish hosts Scienceon the introduction Foundation, of the the Freshwater exotic parasite, Fish Group Lernaea & uncleared catchments of the Collie River in south- from Papua New Guinea. cyprinacea of Western Australia, a series of workshops were western Australia. Michelle found that the diversity 193: 126-133. held at Indian Ocean Fresh Australia kingfish pilot of the riparian plant community was reduced project farm and Batavia Coast Maritime Institute , into our freshwater river systems. atinvertebrates, high stream leadingsalinities. to aIn reduction turn, this inreduced invertebrate Koinari,zoonotic M., Cryptosporidium Karl, S., Ng-Hublin, J., Lymbery, A.J. in Geraldton, a barramundi sea cage farm, Marine the complexity of the habitat for plant-dwelling and Ryan, U.M.Veterinary (2013) Identification Parasitology of novel and Produce Australia, Cone Bay, King’s Sound, and Within Western Australia’s Southwestern Province species in fish from Papua Challenger Institute of Technology in Fremantle, there are only 11 native freshwater species, diversity, in particular to a loss of spider species. New Guinea. 198: 1-9. between Oct 2011 to Aug 2012. These series of with 9 limited to this area and many of these are This is one of the first studies of the cascading workshops provided fish farm managers and key threatened. Our native fish are generally very small effects of stream salinisation on adjacent terrestrial Lymbery, A.J., Morine, M., Kanani,International H.G., Beatty, Journal S.J. for & Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife. staff with a set of relevant knowledge and skills in size and so even though they play a significant For more information on MUSSEL WATCH WESTERN ecosystems. Morgan, D.L. (2014). Co-invaders: The effects of alien on the importance of early disease recognition role in the health of our ecosystem they are AUSTRALIA, go to: parasites on native hosts. often under appreciated. Due to the destructive http://www.musselwatchwa.com/ 54 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 55 Enteric septicaemia of catfish: Edwardsiella ictaluri, a threat to Australia’s freshwater fish biodiversity

Edwardsiella ictaluri is a bacteria that causes enteric

Ebner, James Donaldson and Terry Miller (CSIRO septicaemia and encephalitis,E. and ictaluri has caused, however mass it and TropWATER (JCU)), Aaron Davis and Leo Foyle mortality events in wild fish. Catfish species appear (James Cook University), Steve Brooks (Qld DAFF), tohas be recently the most been susceptible detected to in Australia, in captive Michael Hammer (MAGNT), Bertus Hanekom, David can also affect many other fish species. The bacteria Crook (CDU), JR Albert (Nyikina-Mangala Rangers), James Keleher (MU) and Nicky Buller and Sam Hair native catfish held in close proximity to imported (Department of Agriculture and Food, WA). ornamental fish. It has not been previously recorded in wild fish in Australia, but could pose a serious threat to our highly endemic fauna. This project is funded by FRDC Aquatic Animal Health Subprogram 2015/050, and has brought together researchers from the Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit (Murdoch University), CSIRO and TropWATER (James Cook University), Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Western Australian Department of Agriculture and Food, the Museum and Art Gallery ofBrisbane, Northern Mary, Territory Burnett, and Pioneer, Charles Ross, Darwin Tully, University Barron, to sample wild native catfishes from the Logan, Fitzroy and Ashburton rivers in Western Australia, and Bloomfield rivers in Queensland, the Ord, and Rapid Creek and the Daly River in the Northern Territory. E. ictaluri In addition to testing these catfish samples for , tissue samples were also taken to assess the general health of catfish, for parasite studies and to assist in a ranavirus survey with Sydney University. This has been one of the most extensive surveys of wild native catfish in Australia, in an attempt to determine the presence or absence of this serious bacterial pathogen. The project forms part of Erin Kelly’s Master of Philosophy studies that is supervised by Susan Kueh and Alan Lymbery, with collaborators including David Morgan (Murdoch University), Brendan

56 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 57 Global Change Biology

Global Change Biology (2014) 20, 1794–1807, doi: 10.1111/gcb.12444 Climate change is of major concern to the Australia are changes in ocean temperatures, the Implications of climate change for potamodromous fishes FISH & FISHERIES IN A STEPHEN J. BEATTY, DAVID L. MORGAN andALAN J. LYMBERY sustainability of fish and fisheries in Western seasonality and location of storms and increasing Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South St Murdoch, WA, Professor Tull said understanding the effects of Australia Australia. The CFFR has been proactive in examining ocean acidity. Abstract There is little understanding of how climate change will impact potamodromous freshwater fishes. Since the mid the impacts of climate change to marine, estuarine 1970s, a decline in annual rainfall in south-western Australia (a globally recognized biodiversity hotspot) has resulted in the rivers of the region undergoing severe reductions in surface flows (ca. 50%). There is universal agreement amongst Global Climate Models that rainfall will continue to decline in this region. Limited data are available on the Droughtand freshwater refuges fishes for freshwaterand their habitats fish movement patterns of the endemic freshwater fishes of south-western Australia or on the relationship between their life histories and hydrology. We used this region as a model to determine how dramatic hydrological change may impact potamodromous freshwater fishes. Migration patterns of fishes in the largest river in south-western Australia changes on fisheries and the marine environment were quantified over a 4 year period and were related to a number of key environmental variables including dis- charge, temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen. Most of the endemic freshwater fishes were potamodr- omous, displaying lateral seasonal spawning migrations from the main channel into tributaries, and there were was the first step in helping communities, significant temporal differences in movement patterns between species. Using a model averaging approach, amount CHANGING CLIMATE of discharge was clearly the best predictor of upstream and downstream movement for most species. Given past and households, businesses and governments to prepare projected reductions in surface flow and groundwater, the findings have major implications for future recruitment rates and population viabilities of potamodromous fishes. Freshwater ecosystems in drying climatic regions can only be managed effectively if such hydro-ecological relationships are considered. Proactive management and addressing for the flow-on economic effects of marine climate existing anthropogenic stressors on aquatic ecosystems associated with the development of surface and groundwater Migration is an important component of the resources and land use is required to increase the resistance and resilience of potamodromous fishes to ongoing flow pressures.Climate change and potamodromous fishes reductions. life-cycle of many freshwater fishes in Western Keywords: aquatic refuge, freshwater fishes, groundwater reduction, Mediterranean climate, secondary salinization, south- western Australia, surface flow decline Australia and the proliferation of instream barriers Received 9 May 2013 and accepted 3 October 2013 involve movement between habitats for different life- Introduction history stages (Magoulick & Kobza, 2003) and the linear in rivers such as dams and weirs impedes these Freshwater ecosystems are in crisis throughout the nature of rivers, whereby upstream activities influence world. Aquatic habitats associated with 65% of global downstream habitat quality and availability (e.g. movementshas recently anddeveloped threatens a process migratory for prioritisingspecies. river flow are moderately or highly threatened, princi- Gorman & Karr, 1978; Allan et al., 1997). Seasonal pally by water resource development and pollution migrations in potamodromous fishes are critical for (Dudgeon et al., 2006; Vor€ osmarty€ et al., 2010). Fresh- completing life cycles; particularly in accessing spawn- The Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit There was little understanding of the impact of water fishes are one of the most threatened faunal ing and nursery habitats and refugia (Reynolds, 1983; groups and are expected to be among the most severely O’Connor et al., 2005; Munz & Higgins, 2013). Under- climate change on potamodromous fishes, and impacted by climate change, due to it adding to a wide standing refuge use and species mobility is important range of current and future anthropogenic stressors for enhancing conservation efforts; particularly under (Ficke et al., 2007; Palmer et al., 2008; Olden et al., 2010; drought or flow reduction scenarios (Magoulick & south-western Australia, a hotspot of biodiversity, Comte et al., 2013). Freshwater fishes in Mediterranean Kobza, 2003; Moran-L� opez� et al., 2012; Chessman, 2013). barriers in southern Australia for remedial works climatic regions are particularly imperilled and while In comparison to the amount of research on diadro- flow reduction due to water extraction and climate mous fishes (e.g. Crozier et al., 2008; Lassalle & (i.e. decommissioning or modification) in order is now recognised as the canary in the coal mine for change is recognized as a major threat (Hermoso & Cla- Rochard, 2009; Finstad & Hein, 2012; Piou & Pr�evost, vero, 2011; Maceda-Veiga, 2013), its impacts are diffi- 2013), there is little information on how flow reductions cult to quantify due to the complexity of abiotic and due to climate change will impact potamodromous spe- to enhance fish passage. One of the pioneering examining climate change. The publication by Beatty, biotic interactions (Clavero et al., 2010). cies (but see Buisson et al., 2008; Clews et al., 2010). The The challenge of conserving critical habitat for fresh- vast majority of research examining the impacts of cli- Lymbery & Morgan provides a valuable insight water species is exacerbated by life cycles that often mate change on freshwater fishes has focussed on sal- elements of the process is the use of helicopters monids and other cold water species, those with Correspondence: Stephen J. Beatty, tel. +618 9360 2813, commercial or recreational value, and those in the to survey catchments aerially, allowing rapid and into the impacts of climate change on migratory fax +618 9360 7512, e-mail: [email protected] cost-effective validation of data on instream barriers freshwater fishes and the reliance on groundwater in 1794 © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd and drought refuges. The FFGFHU has undertaken supporting relict freshwater fish populations. numerous aerial surveys in south-western Australia, Aestivating fishes surveying over 270 stream kilometres. Barrier prioritisationhave been discovered case studies that haveprovide been drought undertaken refuge in six catchments and a number of significant habitats Aestivating fishes have received little attention in forGiving some coastal of the communitiesState’s most endangered the tools to fish deal species. with regards to the impact of climate change on their climate change habitats and on their requirement to aestivate. A project by Gary Ogston for his Honours degree, A new online planning tool will help coastal which is funded by the State NRM is examining the contemporary distribution of the Gwondwanan relic, the Salamanderfish and the sympatric Black- communities determine where their strengths and stripeoccurrences Minnow and in area south-western of occupancy Australia. of both Thespecies vulnerabilities lie in terms of climate change and study has revealed alarming declines in the extent of give them the knowledge to prepare for theis future.the Climate change in the Asia-Pacific The tool on the Coastal Climate Blueprint website, (http://coastalclimateblueprint.org.au/), Climate result of four year’s work by the University of Change in the Asia-Pacific Region Tasmania, Murdoch University and CSIRO and is The chapter by Roberts, Beckley & Tull in funded by the Fisheries Research and Development examines the town Corporation and the Federal Government. of Exmouth in Western Australia to investigate Marine economics expert, Murdoch’s Professor economicThis research strategies offers guidancefor coastal for risk developers, mitigation local Malcolm Tull said the main climate pressures from climate change and extreme weather events. affecting the marine environment in Western councils and investors in remote coastal regions. 58 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 59 Further reading: Novel methods for Beatty,managing S., Allen,freshwater M., Lymbery, refuges againstA., Storer, climate T., White, change Chambers, J., Nugent, G., Sommer, B., Speldewinde, Rountrey, A.N., Coulson, P.G., Meeuwig, J.J. & Meekan, G.,in southernMorgan, Australia:D. & Ryan, Evaluating T. (2013). small barrier P., Neville, S., Beatty, S., Chilcott, S., Eberhard, S., M. (2014). Water temperatureGlobal change and biology fish growth: removal to improve refuge connectivity: A global Mitchell, N., D’Souza, F., Barron, O., McFarlane, D., otoliths predict growth patterns of a marine fish in review of barrier decommissioning and a process Braimbridge, Adapting M., Robson,to climate B., change: Close, P., A Morgan,risk assessment D., a changing climate. 20: 2450- for southern Australia in a drying climate andPinder. decision A., Froend, making R., framework Horwitz, P., for Cook, managing B. & Davies, P. 2458. groundwater(2013). dependent ecosystems with declining . National water levels. Guidelines for use. Unsworth, R.K.F.,Marine van Keulen,Pollution M. Bulletin & Coles, R. Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility, Gold (2014). Seagrass meadows in a globally changing Coast, 73 pp. ISBN: 978-1-925039-54-2 National Climate environment. 83: 383-386. Change Adaptation Research Facility, Gold Coast, 59 Beatty,Adapting S., toMorgan, climate D., change: Keleher, A riskJ., Lymbery, assessment A., Close, pp. ISBN: 978-1-925039-23-8 Van Putten, I., Metcalf, S., Frusher, S.. Marshall, P.,and Speldewinde, decision making P., Storer, framework T. & Kitsios, for managing A. (2013). N.International & Tull, M. (2014). Journal Fishing of Climate for Changethe impacts Strategies of groundwater dependent ecosystems with declining Metcalf, S.J., van Putten, E. I., Frusher, S., Marshall, andclimate Management change in the marine sector: a case study. water levels, Supporting Document 4: Environmental N. A., Tull, M., Caputi, N., Haward, M., Hobday, A.J., variables in the habitats of southwestern Australian Holbrook, N.J., Jennings, S.M., Pecl, G. T. & Shaw, 6: 421–441. freshwater fishes: An approach for setting threshold J.L. (2015). Measuring the vulnerability of marineEcology indicator values social-ecologicaland Society systems: a prerequisite for the identification of climate change adaptations. . National Climate Change Adaptation 20(2): 35. Research Facility, Gold Coast, 33 pp. ISBN: 978-1- 925039-38-2 Morgan, D.L., Unmack, P.J, Beatty, S.J., Ebner, B.C., Allen, M.G., Keleher,Journal J.J., Donaldson, of the Royal J.A. Society& Murphy, of Beatty, S.J. & Morgan, D.L. (2013). Introduced J.Western (2014). Australia An overview of the ‘freshwater fishes’ of freshwaterBioInvasions fishes Records in a global endemic hotspot Western Australia. and implications of habitat and climatic change. 97: 263-278. 2: 1-9. Roberts,A hedonic R., case Beckley, study L.E. of residential & Tull, M. (2015). property The in Beatty, GlobalS.J., Morgan, Change D.L. Biology & Lymbery, A.J. (2014). Economic value of cyclonic storm-surge risks: Implications of climate change for potamodromous Climate Change in the Asia-Pacific Region fishes. 20: 1794-1807. Exmouth, Western Australia. In: W. Leal Filho (ed.). . Springer Chambers, J., Nugent, G., Sommer, B., Speldewinde, P., Neville, S., Beatty, S., Chilcott, S., Eberhard, S., International Publishing, Switzerland. 143-156. Mitchell, N., D’Souza, F., Barron, O., McFarlane, D., Braimbridge, Adapting M., Robson,to climate B., change: Close, P., a Morgan,risk assessment D., Robson, B.J., Chester, E.T., Allen, M., Beatty, S., and decision making framework for managing Chambers, J.M., Close, P., Cook, B.,Novel Cummings, methods C.R.,for Pinder, A., Froend, R., Horwitz, P., Cook, B. & Davies, P. managing freshwater refuges against climate change (2013).groundwater dependent ecosystems with declining Davies, P.M., Lester, R., Lymbery, A., Matthews, T.G., water levels. Development and case studies. Morgan,in southern D. &Australia Stock, M. (2013).

National . National Climate Change Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility, Gold Adaptation Research Facility, Gold Coast, 59 pp. Coast. ISBN: 978-1-925039-22-1 ISBN: 978-1-925039-50-4.

60 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 61 BOOKS water levels. Guidelines for use. Novel methods for Beatty,managing S., Allen,freshwater M., Lymbery, refuges againstA., Storer, climate T., White, change National Climate Christensen, J., & Tull, M. (2014). Introduction: G.,in southernMorgan, Australia:D. & Ryan, Evaluating T. (2013). small barrier Change Adaptation Research Facility, GoldHistorical Coast, 59 historicalHistorical perspectives perspectives on of fisheries fisheries exploitation exploitation in the in removal to improve refuge connectivity: A global pp.perspectives ISBN: 978-1-925039-23-8 on fisheries exploitation in the Indo- theIndo-Pacific Indo-Pacific. In: Christensen, J. & Tull, M. (eds). review of barrier decommissioning and a process Christensen,Pacific J., & Tull, M. (eds.) (2014). for southern Australia in a drying climate . Dordrecht: Springer Verlag. pp. 1-12. . Dordrecht: Springer Verlag. Australasian Animal Parasites: . National A field guide to the freshwater Lymbery,Inside and A. Out J. (2015). Aquatic animals. In: Beveridge, Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility, Gold Morgan,fishes of WesternD.L., Allen, Australia’s M.G., Beatty, Pilbara S.J., Province Ebner, B.C. & I. & Emery, D. (eds). Coast, 73 pp. ISBN: 978-1-925039-54-2 Keleher, J.J. (2014). . Australian Society for Parasitology. . pp. 929-981. Beatty,Adapting S., toMorgan, climate D., change: Keleher, A riskJ., Lymbery, assessment A., Close, Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Murdoch P.,and Speldewinde, decision making P., Storer, framework T. & Kitsios, for managing A. (2013). University, Murdoch, W.A. Lymbery,Encyclopedia A.J. & of Walters, Food Safety, J.A. (2014).Volume 2 Helminth– groundwater dependent ecosystems with declining nematode: anisakid nematodes. In: Motarjemi, Y. water levels, Supporting Document 4: Environmental Robson, B.J., Chester, E.T., Allen, M., Beatty, S., (ed.) . Waltham: variables in the habitats of southwestern Australian Chambers, J.M., Close, P., Cook, B.,Novel Cummings, methods C.R.,for Academic Press. pp. 78-82. freshwater fishes: An approach for setting threshold Davies,managing P.M., freshwater Lester, R., refuges Lymbery, against A., Matthews, climate change T.G., indicator values Morgan,in southern D. &Australia Stock, M. (2013). Momigliano, P., Jaiteh, V. & Speed, C. (2015). Predators in danger: shark conservation and management. Austral Ark in . National Climate Change Adaptation . National Climate Change Australia, New Zealand, and their neighbours. In: A. Research Facility, Gold Coast, 33 pp. ISBN: 978-1- Adaptation Research Facility, Gold Coast, 59 pp. Stow, A., Holwell, G. & Maclean, N. (eds) . 925039-38-2 ISBN: 978-1-925039-50-4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 467-491. BOOK CHAPTERS Chambers, J., Nugent, G., Sommer, B., Speldewinde, Potter, I.C., Gill,Freshwater H.S. & fishes Renaud, of North C.B. America (2014). P., Neville, S., Beatty, S., Chilcott, S., Eberhard, S., Petromyzontidae: Lampreys. In: Warren, M.L. & Mitchell, N., D’Souza, F., Barron, O., McFarlane, D., Burr, B.M. (eds). . Braimbridge, Adapting M., Robson,to climate B., change: Close, P., a Morgan,risk assessment D., Christensen, J. (2015). To theFluid Islands: Frontiers: Ecological New Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. pp. 105- Pinder,and decision A., Froend, making R., framework Horwitz, P., for Cook, managing B. & Davies, P. ImperialismCurrents in Marine on the Environmental North-west History. Australian Coast. 139. (2013).groundwater dependent ecosystems with declining In: Gillis, J. & Torma, F. (eds). water levels. Development and case studies. Cambridge: Potter, I.C., Gill, H.S., Renaud, C.B.Lampreys: & Haoucher, Biology, D. White Horse Press. pp.65-75. (2015).Conservation The taxonomy,and Control phylogeny, Volume 1 and distribution National of lampreys. In: Docker, M. (ed.). PUBLICATIONS Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility, Gold Christensen, J. (2014). Unsettled seas: Towards a . Berlin: Springer. Coast. ISBN: 978-1-925039-22-1 historyHistorical of perspectivesmarine animal on fisheriespopulations exploitation in the Central in the pp. 35-73. Indo-Pacific.Indo-Pacific In: Christensen, J. & Tull, M. (eds). Chambers, J., Nugent, G., Sommer, B., Speldewinde, Potter, I.C., Warwick, R.M., Hall, N.G., & Tweedley,Freshwater J.R. P., Neville, S., Beatty, S., Chilcott, S., Eberhard, S., . Dordrecht: Springer Science. pp. 13-40. (2015).Fisheries TheEcology. physico-chemical characteristics, biota Mitchell, N., D’Souza, F., Barron, O., McFarlane, D., and fisheries of estuaries. In: Craig, J. (ed.). Braimbridge, Adapting M., Robson,to climate B., change: Close, P., A Morgan,risk assessment D., Christensen, J. & Jackson, G. (2014). Shark Bay Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 48-79. Pinder.and decision A., Froend, making R., framework Horwitz, P., for Cook, managing B. & Davies, P. Snapper: science, policy,Historical and perspectivesthe decline and on recovery fisheries (2013).groundwater dependent ecosystems with declining ofexploitation a marine in recreational the Indo-Pacific fishery. In: Christensen, J. Roberts,A hedonic R., case Beckley, study L.E. of residential & Tull, M. (2015). property The in & Tull, M. (eds). economic value of cyclonic storm-surge risks: . Dordrecht: Springer Science. pp. 251-268. 62 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 63 Climate Change in the Asia-Pacific Region Hydrobiologia. Echinococcus canadensis, E. borealis, Exmouth, Western Australia. In: Leal Filho, W. (ed.). Celdran,photosynthesis D., Barba, and J.I.L., evolution Verduin, of theJ., van Australian Keulen, and distributions of fishes in a microtidal estuary. Lymbery,and E. intermedius A.J., Jenkins, E.J., Schurer, J.M.Trends & Thompson, in Morgan, D.L., Allen, M.G., Ebner, B.C., Whitty, J.M. & Sutton, A.L., Beckley, L.E. & Holliday, D. (2015). . Springer M.Mediterranean & Atucha, A.A.M. seagrass (in press). genus LinkingPosidonia. seed PLoS One R.C.A.Parasitology (2015). Beatty,Pristis S.J.zijsron (2015).Journal Discovery of Fish of Biology a pupping site and Euphausiid assemblagesJournal of Royal in and Society around of a Western developing International Publishing, Switzerland. pp. 143-156. . What’s in a name? nursery for critically endangered Green Sawfish anti-cyclonicAustralia Leeuwin Current eddy in the south-east Historical Hipsey, M.R., Hamilton, D.P., Hanson, P.C., Carey, C.C., 31: 23-29. ( ). 86: 1658- Indian Ocean. perspectivesTull, M. (2014). on History fisheries of shark exploitation fishing in . the Indo- PONE-D-15-10954.C Coletti, J.Z., Read, J.S., Ibelings, B.W., Valesini, F.J. & 1663. 95. 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mitogenomepristis sequencing refines the populationMarine per-recruit, and the spawning potential ratio. NumberPapers of Pacific coral reef fish populations in Palau. implications for management. structureEcology Progress of the Critically Series Endangered sawfish 72: 204-216. . (Linnaeus 1758) in northern Australia. 100 Beatty, S.J. (2013). Book review: Ecology of . Hordyk, A., Ono, K., Valencia, S., Loneragan, N. & Prince, J., Hordyk, A., Valencia, S., Loneragan, N. & Veale,growth L., and Coulson, reproductive P.C., Hall, characteristics N.G., Hesp, S.A. of &a Potter, Australian Freshwater Fishes P. Humphries & K.F. Prince, J (2015). A novel length-based empirical Sainsbury, K. (2015). Extending the principle of I.C. (2015). AgePelates and octolineatus size compositions, habitats, Walker (2013). CSIRO Publishing, Victoria, Australia. Gardner, M.J., Chaplin, J.A., Potter, I.C.Choerodon & Fairclough, estimation method forICES the Journal spawning of Marine potential Science ratio 0 Beverton-Holt Life History InvariantsICES to Journal develop of a Marine and Freshwater Research 440 pp. ISBN 9780643097438, price AU $130.00 D.V.rubescens (in press).Journal Pelagic of Experimental early life stages Marine promote Biology (SPR), and tests of its performance, for small-scale, newMarine framework Science for borrowing information for data- terapontid ( ) in coastal waters. (hardback). Freshwater Biology DOI: 10.1111/ connectivityand Ecology in the demersal labrid data-poor fisheries. poor fisheries from the data-rich. 66: 535-548. fwb.12251 . 72: 217-231. 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 72: 194-203. JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS . Veale, L., Coulson, P.C., Hall, N.G. and Potter, I.C. (in Klunzinger,conservation M.W., status Haag, of Westralunio W.R., Beatty, carteri S.J., Morgan, Iredale, Year Ryan,Cryptosporidium U., Paparini, huwi A., Tong, K., Yang, R., Gibson- press). Biology of a marine-estuarine opportunist 2015 Poecilia reticulata Marine and Freshwater Research. Gleiss A.C., Potvin, J., Keleher J.J., Whitty J.M.,The Morgan D.L. & Lymbery, A.J. (2015). Range decline and Cumulative number of journal papers since 2003 Kueh, S., O’Hara, A., Lymbery, A. & Xiao, L. (2015). fish species in a microtidal estuary, including D.L.Journal & Goldbogan, of Experimental J.A. (2015). Biology Mechanical challenges. Australian Journal of Zoology Experimental Parasitology n. sp. (Apicomplexa: comparisons among decades and with coastal to freshwater residency in sharks and rays. 1934 (Bivalvia: Hyriidae) from south-western Eimeriidae) from the guppy ( ). waters. 218: 1099-1110 Australia. 63: 127-135. 150: 31-35. Buchanan, P.J. & Beckley, L.E. (2015). Chaetographs Carcharias taurus Wakefield,in reproductive C.B., Potter,characteristics I.C., Hall, of N.G., Pagrus Lenanton, auratus

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( ) 10.1007/s10750-015-2364-4 in the Timor Sea. 8: e56 9: 57-64. 64 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 65 ICES riverine populations of the threatened Macquarie Journal of Marine Science. Perch Conservation Genetics temperature over a wide latitudinal range. Clarke, K.R., Tweedley, J.R. & Valesini, F.J. (2014). Metcalf, S.J., Dambacher, J.M., Rogers, P., Loneragan, Rashnavadi, M., Lymbery, A.J., Beatty, S.J. & Morgan, Thorburn,Western Australia D.C., Gill, river H.S. revealed& Morgan, by D.L., dietary (2014). and Simple shadeJournal plots of the aid Marine better Biologicallong-term Associationchoices . 15: 707-716. N.R. & Gaughan, D.J. (2014). IdentifyingEnvironmental key D.L. (2014).Journal Ecological of the response Royal Society of an of estuarine Western Predator and prey interactionsJournal ofof fishesthe Royal of a Society tropical of thedata United pre-treatment Kingdom in multivariate assemblage dynamicsScience and and Policy ideal governance structures for atherinidAustralia to secondary salinisation in south-western of Western Australia Wang, M., O’Rorke, R., Waite, A.M.,Panulirus Beckley, cygnus L.E., studies. Fletcher, L., Coimbra, J., Rodger, J., Potter, I., Gill, successful ecological management. Australia. stable isotope analyses. Thompson, P. & Jeffs, A.G. (2015). Condition of 94: 1-16. H., Dunlop,Geotria S. & Collin, australis S. (2014). ClassificationJournal of of 37: 34-49. 97: 343-354. 97: 363-388. larvae of western rock lobster (Marine and ) retinalComparative ganglion Neurology cells in the Southern Hemisphere inFreshwater cyclonic and Research anticyclonic eddies of the Leeuwin. 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Contrasting S wstrom, C., Beckley, L., Saunders, M., Thompson, International Journal of Maritime History Acanthopagrus butcheri Marine Biology Tull, M. (2014). Port history in the International Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. PONE-D- Potter, I. (2014). Marked deleterious changes in characteristics. 84: 106-132. demographic histories in a pair of allopatric, sibling P. & Waite, A. (2014). The zooplankton prey field Journal of Maritime History (1989-2012). 13-34160R2. the condition, growth and maturity Estuarine,schedules Coastalof species of fish (Arripidae) from environments with for rockJournal lobster of phyllosoma Plankton Research larvae in relation to Reproductive biology of the sand dollar, and Shelf Science Pagrus auratus 26: 123- (Sparidae) in an estuary Gardner, M., Chaplin, J. & Phillips, N. (2014). Isolation contrasting glacial histories. 161: oceanographic features of the south-eastern Indian 129. Yeo,Peronella S. Keesing, lesueuri J. & van Keulen, M. 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MacDiarmid, A., Henn Ojaveer, H., Poulsen, B. & Tull, 2014 Marine Biology Ecological health of microtidal Australian estuaries. 2015: 1-14. Hallett, C.S. (2014). Quantile-based grading improves 97: 307-312. M.PLoS (2014). ONE The future of the oceans past: towards 141: 85-96. theIndicators effectiveness of a multimetric index as a tool a global marine historical research initiative. temperature variations. 161: 383- for communicating estuarine condition. Morgan, D., Beatty,Journal S., Snow, of theM. &Royal Thomas, Society D. (2014).of 9(7): e101466. doi:10.1371/ journal. Marine Pollution Bulletin Western Australia Unsworth, R.K.F., van Keulen, M. & Coles, R. 393. 39: 84-87. Preface – Inaugural Western Australian Freshwater pone.0101466. (2014) Seagrass meadows in a globally changing Anderson, D.J., Kobryn, H.T., Norman, B.M., Bejder, Fish Symposium. environment. 83: 383-386. L., Tyne, J.A. & Loneragan, N.R. 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Species compositions and ecologyJournal of the riverineof Fish Beatty,cichlid, S.J.,Geophagus Morgan, brasiliensis D.L., Keleher, in MediterraneanJ., Allen, M.G. & Ebner, B.C., Fulton, C.J., Cousins, S., Donaldson, morphometrical descriptionMolluscan of the Research glochidia Australian Zoologist ichthyofaunasBiology in two Sulawesian islands in the Sarre, G.A. (2013). The tropical SouthAquatic American Invasions J.A., Kennard, M.J., Meynecke, J. & Schaffer, Iredale, 1934 (Bivalvia: Lorenzen, K., Agnalt, A., Blankenship, H., Hines, A., education in Australia: current challenges and future biodiversity hotspot of Wallacea. J. (2015). Filming and snorkelling Marine as and visual Freshwater Unionoida: Hyriidae). 33: 104- Leber, K., Loneragan, N. & Taylor, M. (2013). Evolving directions. 36: 413 - 420. 82: 1916-1950. climatic south-western Australia. techniquesResearch to survey fauna in difficult to access 109. context and maturing science: Aquaculture-basedReviews in Fisheries 8: 21-36. tropical rainforest streams. enhancementScience and restoration enter the marine Smallwood, C., Beckley, L. & Moore,Australasian S. (2013). JournalEffects Verduin,of Amphibolis J., Seidlitz, antarctica A., van Keulen, M.Journal & Paling, of . 66: 120-126. Kobryn, H.T., Wouters, K., Beckley, L.E. PLoS& Heege, ONE T. 8, fisheries management toolbox. of Environmentaladjacent land tenure Management on visitor use of Ningaloo E.Experimental (2013). Maximising Marine Biology establishment and Ecology success Broadhurst, B.T., Ebner, B.C., Lintermans, M., Thiem, (2013). Ningaloo Reef: shallow marine habitats 21: 213-221. Marine Park, Western Australia. seedlings. J.below D. & Clear,an anthropogenic R. (2013) Jailbreak: barrier. AMarine fishway and releases Ebner, B.C.Journal & Morgan, of Fish D.L. Biology (2013). Using remote mapped using a hyperspectral sensor. 20: 130-146. 449: 57-60. theFreshwater endangered Research Macquarie perch from confinement underwater video to estimate freshwater fish species e70105. Lymbery,Distichlis A.J., Kay, spicata G.D., Doupe, R.G., Partridge, G.J. & richness. 82: 1592-1612. Anisakis species Norman, H.C. (2013). The potential of a salt-tolerant Speed, C.W., Babcock, R.C., Bancroft, K.P., Beckley, Walker, K.F., Jones, H.A. & Klunzinger, M.W. (2013). 64: 900–908. Koinari, M., Karl, S., Elliot, A., Ryan, U.M. & Lymbery, plant ( cv. NyPa Forage) Scienceto treat of L.E., Bellchambers, L.M., Depczynski, M., Field, S.N., Bivalves in a bottleneck: taxonomy,Hydrobiologia phylogeography French, B., Clarke, K. R., Platell, M. E. & Potter, I. A.J. (2013). IdentificationVeterinary of Parasitology theeffluent Total from Environment inland saline aquaculture and provide Friedman, K.J., Gilmour, J.P., Hobbs, J.-P.A., Kobryn, and conservation of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Calver, M.C., Beatty, S.J., Bryant, K.A., Dickman, C.R., C. (2013). An innovative statisticalEstuarine, approach Coastal to and (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in marine fish hosts from livestock feed on salt-affected farmland. H.T., Moore, J.A.Y., Nutt, C.D., Shedrawi,PLoS G., ONE Thomson, 8, Unionoida) in Australasia. 735: 61-79. Ebner,the individual B.C. & Morgan, research D.L. records (2013). of ecologistsUsers beware: and constructingShelf Science a readily comprehensible food web for Papua New Guinea. 193: 445-446: 192-201. D.P. & Wilson, S.K. (2013). Dynamic stability of coral implications of databasePacific errors Conservationwhen assessing Biology a demersal fish community. 126-133. reefs on the West Australian coast. Whitty, J.M., Phillips, N.M., Thorburn, D.C., 125: 43-56. Marr, S.M., Olden, J.D., Leprieur, F., Arismendi, I., e69863. Simpfendorfer, C.A., Fielde, I., Peverell, S.C. & Morgan, conservation biologists. Koinari, M., Karl, S., Ng-Hublin, J., Lymbery, A.J. Ćaleta, M., Morgan, D.L., Nocita, A., Šanda, R., Serhan Trends in Parasitology D.L.Aquatic (2013). Conservation: Utility of rostra Marine in and the Freshwateridentification of 19: 320-330. Gardner, M., Cottingham, A., Hesp, S., Chaplin, & Ryan, U.M. (2013).Veterinary Identification Parasitology of novel and Tarkan, A. & García-Berthou, E. (2013).Hydrobiologia A global Thompson, R.C.A. & Lymbery, A.J. (2013). Let’s not AustralianEcosystems sawfishes (Chondrichthyes: Pristidae). J.,and Jenkins, wild Acanthopagrus G., Phillips, N. &butcheri Potter, I. (2013). zoonotic Cryptosporidium species in fish from Papua assessment of freshwater fish introductions in forget the thinkers. 29: 581- Ceh, J., Kilburn,Pocillopora M., Cliff, damicornis J., Raina, J-B., larvae van provide Keulen, M. Biological and genetic characteristicsReviews of restocked in Fisheries New Guinea. 198: 1-9. mediterranean-climate regions. 719: 584. Can 24: 791-804. & Bourne, D. (2013). NutrientSymbiodinium cycling in early coral Science (Sparidae) in a place foraging and feather regrowth rate in bridled 317-329. life stages: Ecology and southwestern Australian estuary. Labbe, OnychoprionA., Dunlop, J. anaethetus & Loneragan, N. (2013). Central structures of three congeneric species of coastal Starrs, D., Ebner, B.C. & Fulton, C.J. Journal (2013). of Fish Yeo,dollar, S., PeronellaKeesing, J.lesueuri & van Keulen, M. (2013). Seasonal theirEvolution algal symbiont ( ) with nitrogen 21: 441-453. Moore, G. & Chaplin, J. (2013). Population genetic back-calculationBiology models unravel complex larval and diel variation in movement rhythmsMarine of sand Biology acquired from bacterial associates. terns ( ): An insight from freshwater fish growth histories? (Valenciennes 1841), in 3:2393-2400. 83: 96–110. Cockburn Sound, Western Australia. 160: 277-284. 68 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 69 Morphological evidence shows that not all Zieritz, A., Sartori, A.F. & Klunzinger, M.W.Journal (2013). of CatchmentsCentre for Fish Group & Fisheries and South Research, West Catchments Murdoch Group & Fish Health Unit, Murdoch University, Perth, Molluscan Studies Council. Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Western Australia. Velesunioninae have smooth umbos. Aquatic Fauna Survey of Denmark Dam. 79: 277-282. University, Perth, Western Australia. Summary Beatty,Report toS., theKeleher, Water J., Corporation Morgan, D., ofAllen, Western M. & AustraliaStrehlow, OTHER PUBLICATIONS report: Removal of Tandanus tandanus from K. (2014). Beatty,Lake Nimbin, S., Keleher, Kalamunda J. & Allen, M. (2015). . Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Murdoch Australian Marine Science Bulletin Unit, Centre for Fish & Fisheries. Report Research, to the Shire Murdoch of University, Perth, Western Australia. Beckley, L.E. & Wells, F. (2013). Our modern history Kalamunda.University, Perth, Freshwater Western Fish Australia Group & Fish Health Introduced and 1984-present. No. Beattynative fishesS.J., Tweedley, in the Vasse J.R.,‐Wonnerup Lymbery, A.J.,Wetland Keleher, System J, 190: 16-29. Aquatic Allen,and its M.G. rivers. & Morgan, D.L. (2014). fauna of the dams on the Spring Gully Creek Hobryn, H.T., Radford, B. & Beckley, L.E.Australian (2014). Coral Keleher,watercourse: J., Beatty, a rehabilitated S. & Allen, miningM. (2015). area in Report to the Australian Government ReefNingaloo Society Reef: Newsletter easily accessible habitat maps with Greenbushes. throughfor Fish &its Fisheries Caring for Research, our Country Murdoch Program. University, high spatial and thematic resolution. Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Centre No 48: 6. for Fish & FisheriesReport Research, to the Blackwood Murdoch Basin University, Group. Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Centre Perth, Western Australia. Continuation of Hood, R., Beckley,SANCOR L.E., Newsletter Wiggert, J. & D’adamo, N. the monitoring of restocked and wild Black Bream (2013). SIBER reaches out to the African research Perth, Western Australia. Summary Cottingham,Acanthopagrus A. & butcheri Potter, I.C.in commercial (2014). catches in community. No. 201: 7-9. report: Removal of Goldfish and Koi from the lakes of the Blackwood River Estuary Keleher,Studmaster J., Beatty, Park, City S. & of Allen, Wanneroo. M. (2015). Report to the City Australia Fish Foundation, Murdoch University, Morgan, D.L., Mckay, B. & Beatty, S.J. (2014).Tilapia History Perth, Western Australia . Report for the Western ofin Australia-statecichlids in Western of knowledge Australian aquatic ecosystems. Unit, Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research, Murdoch Pp 42-46. In Fulton, W. & Hall, K. (Eds). ofUniversity, Wanneroo. Perth, Freshwater Western Fish Australia Group & Fish Health Assessment of . 15-16 May 2012, the condition of the Swan Canning Estuary in 2014, . PetSmart Toolkit publication, Invasive Effect of Hallett,based on C.S. the & Fish Tweedley, Community J.R. (2014). Indices of estuarine Animals Cooperative Research Centre, Canberra, the Becher Point boat ramp on the food resources condition Australia. Valesini,of Little Penguins F.J. and Tweedley, on Penguin J.R. Island (2015). RESEARCH REPORTS . Report for the Swan River Trust, Murdoch . Report to University, Perth, Western Australia. 30 pp. 2015 the Department of Parks and Wildlife. Murdoch The Fish and Crayfish Fauna of Yangebup Lake 2014University, Perth, 121 pp. Keleher, J., Beatty, S., Allen, M. & Morgan, D. (2014). . Resurvey of historical collection sites for Balston’s Report to the City of Cockburn. Freshwater Fish Allen,Pygmy M.G., Perch Beatty, in the S.J.South & Morgan, West Linkages D.L. (2015). Target Feral fish control activities in the South West Group & Fish Health Unit, Murdoch University, Perth, Area. Allen,Linkages M.G., Target Beatty, Area. S.J., Morgan, D. L. & Keleher, J. Western Australia. (2014). Impacts of barriers and fishways on sawfish for Fish Report & Fisheries to the South Research, West Murdoch Catchments University, Council. Health Unit, Centre for Report Fish & to Fisheries the South Research, West Morgan,– Wheatstone D., Whitty, sawfish J., Allen,offset DecemberM., Beatty, 2014 S. & Keleher, report Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Centre Catchments Council. Freshwater Fish Group & Fish J. (2014). University Report to Western Australian Marine . Perth, Western Australia. Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia. Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Murdoch Baseline survey of key fish refuge habitats in Fishes and crayfishes of Bennett Brook and Whiteman Allen,the Margaret M.G., Beatty, River S.J. & Morgan, D.L. (2015). Park.Beatty, S., Allen, M., Keleher, J. & Morgan, D. (2014). Science Institution. . Report to the Cape to Cape Report to Whiteman Park. Freshwater Fish

70 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 71 Fish 2013 fauna associated with Snake (Uralla) Creek, Fitzroy Determination of the diets of Snapper and Increasing community awareness of feral River,Morgan, Kimberley, D.L., Keleher, Western J. & Australia,Whitty, J. (2014).2013 survey A rapid reef fish biomass survey French,Silver Trevally B., Potter, and I.C., construction Platell, M.E. of a& foodClarke, web K.R. for the Tweedley,fish in the Vasse-WonnerupJ.R. Beatty, S.J., Allen, Wetland M. & Lymbery, A.J. Kobryn, H.T., Beckley, L.E. &Western Gibbons, Australian D. (2015). Marine Beckley, L.E., Fisher, E. & Davies, H. Australian(2014). Marine st of sites in the Raja Ampat Marine Protected Area (2013).demersal fish community in south-western Australia (2013). ScienceSpatial distributionInstitution Symposium of coastal ,access Perth, tracksAustralia and trails CumulativeSciences Association visitation 51 by conference,expedition Canberra,cruise vessels . Allen,Network M.G. in (2013).January-February 2013 . Report for in the western Kimberley. alongAustralia. the remote Kimberley coast. Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit (Murdoch . Coastwest. Murdoch University, Perth, Western 2014 . University) report to LiveringaIndependent Pastoral Co. Sampling . Narrative report Fisheries Research and Development Corporation Australia. 29 pp. Program for Australian Herring in WA. Biospherics to Conservation International Indonesia, 19 pp.Fish Report. Control of introduced fish and crayfish in the Vasse- Prince,, J. & Hordyk, A. (2014) survey of Brookfield Estate, Darch Brook & Margaret A marine climate Tweedley,Wonnerup J.R.,Ramsar Beatty, Wetland: S.J., & Lymbery,Final MERI A.J. report (2013). Beckley, L.E., Holliday, D, Sutton, A. & Buchanan, P.J. Allen,River: M.G.,evidence Beatty, of eradication S.J. & Morgan, of goldfish D.L. (2013). from a changeFrusher, adaptation S., Marshall, blueprint N., Tull, for M., coastal Metcalf, regional S., Ashworth, E., Hall, N.G., Potter, I.C., Coulson, P.G. & (2014). Influence of theFuture anomalous Oceans: Leeuwin IMBER CurrentOpen th P/L FRDC Project 2013/061, Fremantle, November Western Australian river. Report to the Cape to Cape communities& van Putten, E. I. (2013). . Hesp, S.A. (2014). The patterns5 International of age independent Otolith Scienceon macro-zooplankton Conference, Bergen, assemblages Norway in the South- 2014 Report for Caring for our Country. Murdoch Symposium,variability between Spain. fish length and otolith size Eastern Indian Ocean. University, Perth, WesternMonitoring Australia. of 41seagrass pp. among five species of fish. . . Hobart, FRDC Project No. 2010/542 transplants into mooring scars in Mangles Bay, Tweedley, J.R. & Hallett, C.S. (2014). Monitoring Catchments Group. Freshwater Fish Group & Fish November. Fisheries Research and Development the effects of artificial oxygenation on biota in the Health Unit, Murdoch University, 6 pp. vansouthern Keulen, Cockburn M. (2013). Sound, March 2013 Beckley, L.E.,Observation Smallwood, et ModelisationC.B. & Moore, Des S.A. Activites (2014). Assessment of the population sustainability of Corporation Report. Humanise en Mer Coterie Seminaire, Brest, France. Swan-Canning Estuary, Western Australia. Report Final Report - 2009-081-DLD - Economic Beatty, S. & Morgan, D. (2014). Vulnerability of Mapping and analysing human use at Ningaloo Reef, for the Swan River Trust. Murdoch University, Perth, Beatty,freshwater S.J., fishesMorgan, and D.L. crayfishes & Allen, of M.G. the (2013).Angove River, . Prepared for Australia. McLeod,assessment P. B.,of theChristensen, impact of S.,recent McElroy, major S., changes Tull, M. to Western Australian fishes to changing flow. In Western Australia. 72pp. Western Australia: Autumn 2013 CONFERENCEthe Cockburn Sound ManagementABSTRACTS Council. Specialprocess Session. Australian Fish Society responses for Fish to environmental Biology and The fish fauna of the Vasse- (2013).fisheries management in the WA West Coast demersal wetline fishery flows:Australian moving Society beyond for Limnology patterns to Congress, understand Darwin, Tweedley,Wonnerup J.R.,and Keleher,the impact J., Cottingham, of a substantial A., Beatty, fish kill S.J. . Report to Bio 2015 June 2014 Beckley,International L.E. & Van der Indian Elst, Ocean R.P. (2014). Expedition SW Indian 50th &event Lymbery, A. (2014). Diverse Solutions. Freshwater Fish Group & Fish OceanAnniversary Fisheries 3rd ReferenceProject: some Group societal Meeting, context Quatre for Health Unit, Murdoch University, 11 pp. . Project No. 2009/081 April 2013. IIOE-2.Bornes, Mauritius Fisheries Research and Development Corporation . . Report for Geocatch. Murdoch University, Aquatic fauna of Southampton Pool, Blue SCOR Blackwood River: an assessment of the potential Report. Fishes Perth, Western Australia. 113 pp. Beatty, S., Morgan, D., Keleher, J., Allen, M. & Strehlow, and crayfishes of Turner Brook: Past and Present PlanetBeckley, Symposium, L.E. (2015). Cairns, Human Australia use data for marine Beckley,International L.E. (2014). Indian OceanAustralia Expedition and the scientificInternational plan . K.impacts (2013). during construction of a subterranean Morgan, D.L., Beatty, S.J. & Allen, M.G. (2013). spatial planning and coastal management. Indianwriting Ocean workshop, ExpeditionBremen, 2: Germany. Progress to date. Waite, A.M., Beckley, L.E., Jeffs, A., Saunders, M., pipeline. Report to the Water Corporation of Western . Bennett, A., Tweedley, J.R., Loneragan, MetapenaeusN.R. & Poh, Sawatrom, C., O’Rorke, R., Raes, E., Thompson,Biological P.A., . B.dalli (2014). Influence of sediment conditions12th on the Feng,oceanography M., Caputi, of N.,Western Sachlikidis, Rock Lobster N., Chan, larvae S., Wang, Report to the Cape to Cape Catchments Group. Australiandecline of the Marine Western Science School Association Prawn ( (AMSA) Marine Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Murdoch Beckley, L.E., D’Adamo. N., Hood R., Urban, E. & M., Sutton, A. & Nguyen, H.M. (2014). Australia. Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, International Indian Science) in Student a temperate Workshop Australian 2014, estuary.Rottnest Island, University, 15 pp. Fish fauna Wicks, L. (2015). SecondBlue International Planet Symposium Indian, Cairns,Ocean Beckley, L.E. (2014). Revisiting the International . Report Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia. IndianOcean ExpeditionOcean Expedition 50th Anniversary 110°E line 3rd with Reference a process- Australia Supplementary survey of aquatic fauna of associated with Snake (Uralla) Creek, Fitzroy ExpeditionAustralia (IIOE-2) - emerging science objectives to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. River, Kimberley, Western Australia, 2012 survey orientedGroup Meeting, ecological Quatre approach. Bornes, Mauritius The University of Western Australia, Perth. 126pp. Beatty,Southampton S., Morgan, Pool, D.,Blackwood Keleher, J.,River: Allen, an M. assessment & Strehlow, Morgan, D.L. & Keleher, J. (2013). and related planning. . Evidence of declines in K.of the(2013). potential impacts during construction of . . Whitcraft,shark fin demand, S., Hofford, China A., WildAid,Hilton, P., San O’Malley, Francisco, M., CA a subterranean pipeline. Report to the Water . Bennett, A., Tweedley, J.R., Loneragan, MetapenaeusN.R. & Poh, B. Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit (Murdoch Jaiteh, V. & Knights, P. (2014). Beckley, L.E., Smallwood, C.B. & Fisher, E.A. (2015). Beckley, L.E. (2014). RevisitingAustralian the international Marine (2014).dalli The influence of sediment conditions2014 Annualon the University) report to Liveringa Pastoral Co. st Symposium of the Fisheries Society of the British Isles. . . Biology, stock status and management summaries Benchmarking humanWestern use of Australian Eighty Mile Marine Beach Science IndianSciences Ocean Association Expedition 51 conference, 110°E line Canberra,with a process decline of the Western School Prawn ( Spatial and temporal distribution of spawning Corporation of Western Australia. Freshwater Fish Marine Park prior to implementation, of the oriented,Australia. ecological approach. Hull,) United in a temperate Kingdom. Australian estuary. by Black Bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri) in the Smallwood,for selected fishC.B, species Hesp, S.A. in south-western & Beckley, L.E. Australia (2013). Institution Symposium Perth, Australia. Williams, J., Cottingham, A. & Potter, I.C. (2014). Group & Fish Health Unit, Murdoch University, Perth, management plan. Blackwood River Estuary. Report for the Western Western Australia. Australia Fish Foundation, Murdoch University, Snapshot survey of the distribution . Perth, Western Australia Fisheries Research Report No. 242. 176pp. Chambers,and abundance J.M., ofTweedley, the macrophytes, J.R., Clarke, macroalgae, A. & Paice, Beckley, L.E. & Clarke, K.R. (2014). Boundary Broadley, A., Tweedley, J.R., Poh, B. & Loneragan, phytoplankton and macroinvertebrates of the Sediment accumulation and resuspension in the WesternSutton, A. Australian & Beckley, Marine L.E. (2015). Science Influence Institution of Metapenaeus dalli R. (2013). Vasse-Wonnerup Wetlands and its relationship to currentsFuture in the Oceans: south IndianIMBER Ocean Open Scienceinfluence N.R. (2014). Estimation of biological parameters Vasse-Wonnerup Lagoons January, 2012 Tweedley, J.R., Chambers, J.M. & Paice, R. (2013). Symposiumoceanography, Perth, on Kimberley Australia krill assemblages. 2014 Annual Symposium of the internal nutrient cycling taxonomicConference, diversity Bergen, Norway and distinctness of coastal for evaluating the success of Western School fishes. PrawnFisheries ( Society of the British) releases Isles. Hull, in a temperateUnited . Report . . AustralianKingdom. estuary. for Geocatch. Murdoch University, Perth, Western . Report for the South West Australia. 48 pp Catchments Council. Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia. 54 pp. 72 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 73 9th Indo-Pacific Fish Conference, Okinawa, Crisp, J., Moheimani, N., Tweedley, J.R.,Metapenaeus D’Souza, F. Morgan, D., Ramsay, A., Allen, M., Beatty, S. & Keleher, Robinson, S., Valesini, F.J., Hipsey, M. & Tweedley, Waite, A. M., Jeffs, A., Stemmann, L., Beckley, L. E. & Beatty,anthropogenic S., Morgan, changes D. & Tweedley,in salinity J.R.have (2013). driven Salted Australia. &dalli Partridge, G. (2014). Larval development12th Australian and Marine J.ecology (2014).. Australian Pilbara fish Society film and for Fishfield Biologyguide. In and Special J.R. (2014). Characterising the shifts in benthic Thompson, P. A. (2014). Rock lobster larval trophic fish: a review of fishes in extreme salinity9th andIndo- how . rearingScience Associationof the Western (AMSA) School Marine Prawn Science Student SessionAustralian Video Society techniques for Limnology and applications Congress, Darwin, in aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages12th Australianin the Swan-Canning Marine level is impacted by nitrateAGU, ASLOrelease & TOSfrom Ocean coastally Pacific Fish Conference, Okinawa, Japan. Workshop (Racek) 2014, in the Rottnest laboratory. Island, Australia. Australia, June 2014 ScienceEstuary Association in relation to(AMSA) changing Marine hydrological Science Student and trappedSciences particlesMeeting, Honolulu,within a mesoscale USA eddy in the community shifts in Western Australia. Buchanan,Australian P. J. & Beckley, Marine L.E. Sciences (2013). Association Chaetognatha: Workshopbiogeochemical 2014, conditions.Rottnest Island, Australia eastern Indian Ocean. distributionGolden Jubilee and Conference, abundance Gold in theCoast, Leeuwin Australia. Current . . . system. Pristis . Beckley,International L.E. (2013). Indian OceanOngoing Expedition and planned 50th research Gibson-Kueh,9th SymposiumS. (2014). Diseases on Diseases of Barramundi: in Asian Morgan,zijsron D., Allen, M., Ebner, B., Whitty, J. & Beatty,Sharks S. Wellington, M., Beckley, L.E. & Sutton,Australian A. (2014). Marine activitiesAnniversary relevant 2nd Reference to IIOE-2 Group in 2015-2020: Meeting, Qingdao, Australia Aquaculture,current knowledge Hi Chi Minhand future City, Vietnam, management 24-28 (2014).International, Detection Durban, of juvenile South Africa,Green 2-6Sawfish June (2014. Sutton, A. & Beckley, L.E. (2014). Drivers of FishySciences smorgasbord Association for 51 stseabirds conference, at the Canberra, Abrolhos China Coulsonpatterns P.G.,of otolith Black, growth B.A., Potter, in two I.C. cooccurring & Hall, N.G. species November.strategies. ) habitat in Western Australian waters. krillInternational zoogeography Biogeography in the Indian Society Ocean: Conference the , Australia.Front, south-east Indian Ocean. (2013).of Platycephalidae Synchronized and intra- their andrelationships interspecific with water implicationsCanberra, Australia of poleward flowing boundary currents. . 3rd International Sclerochronology Conference, Caernarfon, North Wales, UK Norman, B.M. &Rhincodon Liebsch, N.typus & Morgan,, along the D.L. Western (2014). . Beckley,Australian L.E. Marine (2013). Sciences AMSA Association- five decades Golden of Jubilee temperature. Jaiteh, V., Warren,C. & Loneragan, N(2014). Building Residency times andSharks movement International, patterns Durban, of South Whitty, J.M., Morgan, D.L., Gleiss, A., Thorburn, shapingConference, the Goldfuture Coast, of marine Australia science in Australia. . an understanding of the world’sSharks biggest International, shark whaleAfrica, sharks,2-6 June 2014. Sutton, A. & Beckley, L.E. (2014). Influence of D.C. & Keleher, J. (2014). A review of the Fitzroy fisheryDurban, through South Africa, fishers’ 2-6 knowledge June 2014 and participation Australian coast. oceanography15th Southern African on the Marineeuphausid Science assemblage Symposium, of the River, Western Australia sawfishSharks project International, and . Ebner, B. (2013). AInaugural brief history Western of underwater Australian video in scientific data collection. Stellenbosch,Leeuwin Current South System, Africa. south-east Indian Ocean. theDurban, implications South Africa, of its 2-6 findings June 2014. in regards to o surveyFreshwater of Australian Fish Symposium, freshwater Naturaliste fish assemblages. Marine . anthropogenic disturbances. AustralianBeckley, L.E. Marine (2013). Sciences International Association Indian Golden Ocean Jubilee KeynoteDiscovery Address. Centre, Hillarys Boat Harbour, Western O’Rorke R., Lavery, S., Wang. M., Waite, A., Beckley, 12th Conference,Expedition: GoldFifty Coast,years Australiadown the 110 E line. Australia, November 2013. Jaiteh, V., Warren,C.2 &nd Loneragan,World Small-Scale N(2014). Fisheries Sharks, L.E., Thompson.10 thP.A. International & Jeffs, A. (2014). Conference Hitching and rides Australian Marine Science Association (AMSA) Marine Congress,sails and smugglers:Merida, Mexico, Fishing 21-26 for Septembernew livelihoods 2014. in Workshopand stealing on bites? Lobster Phyllosomas Biology and and Management large gelatinous, Tweedley,Science Student J.R. (2014). Workshop Life 2014,as post-doc. Rottnest Island, Yeoh, D., Valesini, F.J., Williams, J., Abdo, D. & . Eastern Indonesia. Cancun,zooplankton. Mexico Australia Hallett, C.S. (2014).Australian Tracking movements Society for Fishof three Biology keyand recreationalAustralian Society fish species for Limnology in a south-western Conference, Beckley,International L.E. (2013). Indian OceanSome ideasExpedition for basin- 50th Holliday, D., Beckley, L.E, Olivar, M.P, Thompson, . . AustralianDarwin, Australia, estuary. June 2014 wideAnniversary compelling Reference science Group questions Meeting, for Hyderabad, IIOE-2. P.A. & Weller, E. (2013). Spatio-temporal variations Jeffs, A., Wang, M., O’Rorke, R., Waite, A., Beckley, India ofAustralian ichthyoplankton Marine Sciences over a macro-tidal, Association Goldentropical Jubilee L.E. & Thompson, P.A. (2014). 10Hotth n’International hungry lobster Paparini, A., Tong, K., Chen, L., Koinari, M., Zangee, Tweedley. J.R, Loneragan, N.R.,Metapenaeus Jenkins, G.,dalli Trayler, 2013 . continentalConference, Goldshelf Coast, off the Australia. Kimberley, NW Australia. larvae:Conference Can anda warming Workshop ocean on Lobsterexplain Biologya decline and N.,Cryptosporidium Reid, A., Morine, M., Lau,5th J.,International Ng-Hublin, J.,Giardia Yang, R.,& K. & Chaplin, J.A. (2014). Assessing the decline . inManagement, spiny lobster Cancun, recruitment? Mexico. Lymbery,Cryptosporidium A. & Ryan, Conference, U. (2014). Uppsala, Characterization Sweden, May of inevaluating western theschool effectiveness prawn ( of prawn releases) and International Indian Ocean Expedition 50th 27-30. in fish. abundance in a temperature Australian2014 estuary: Annual Beckley,Anniversary L.E. Reference(2013). 50 Group years Meeting, down the Hyderabad, line. Symposium of the Fisheries Society of the British Isles, Beatty, S., Morgan, D., Allen, M., Keleher, J. & Lymbery, India Johnson, C.M., Kerr, I., Payne, P., Kobryn, H. & Beckley, theHull, impacts United Kingdomof environmental change. A.Inaugural (2013). WesternVulnerability Australian of south-western Freshwater FishAustralian L.E. (2013). CrowdsourcingAustralian Moby Dick! Marine Modern Sciences Kelly, E. , Gibson-Kueh, S., Ebner, B., Donaldson, J., fishesSymposium, to climate Naturaliste change: Marine canaries Discovery in the coal Centre, mine. . andAssociation historical Golden data Jubileeidentify Conference, sperm whale Gold habitat Coast, Miller,Tandanus T., Yang, tropicanus R., Buller, N., Hair, S., Morgan, D.L. & Poh, B, Tweedley, J.R., Chaplin,Metapenaeus J.A., Loneragan, dalli N.R. . Hillarys Boat Harbour, Western Australia, November South West Marine Conference, offshoreAustralia of SW Australia. Lymbery, A.J. (2014). A study of Wet Tropics tandan9th & Trayler, K. (2014). Monitoring12th Australian the restocking Marine of 2013. Beckley,Dunsborough, L.E. (2013). Australia Adrift! The secret life of rock Symposium on Diseases (Welsh, in Asian Jerry Aquaculture, & Burrows Hi 2014) Chi Sciencethe Western Association School (AMSA)Prawn ( Marine Science Student) in Tweedley, J.R., Keleher, J., Beatty, S.J.10th & Annual Lymbery, Wetland A. lobster larvae. . fromMinh theCity, Bloomfield Vietnam, 24-28 River, November. Queensland, Australia. Workshopthe Swan-Canning 2014, Rottnest Estuary. Island, Australia. Management(2014). Fishes Conference, of the Vasse-Wonnerup: Cockburn, Australia. life in an . extreme estuarine environment. WAMSI North West Loneragan, N.R., Jenkins, G., Stagles, I. & Tweedley, Beatty, S., Morgan, D., Close, P., Allen, M., Lymbery, A., Beckley,Australian L.E. Marine (2013). Science Human Symposium, use patterns Fremantle, in coastal J.R. (2013). An overview of restocking and stock Lernaea cyprinacea Davies, R., Ryan, T. & Lawrence, C. (2013).Inaugural Enhancing watersAustralia of the western Kimberley. enhancement researchSouth and aWest focus Catchment on ecological Council McCredden, M., Basile,International S. & Lymbery, Congress A. on(2014). Parasites Roberts, R., Beckley, L.E. & Tull, M. (2014). Tweedley, J.R., Beatty, S.J., Lymbery,10th Annual A. & Ash, Wetland A. theWestern prospects Australian for south-western Freshwater Fish Australia’s Symposium, rarest understanding(SWCC) South West gained Marine from Conference stocking black 2013, bream Bunker in of Wildlife Conference,: An Kruger exotic National parasite Park,on our South native CyclonicCoastal Risks: storm-surge Hazards, risk: Issues, a hedonic Representations case study and of (2014).Management Salty ConferenceGoldfish: Goldfish, Cockburn, can Australia.use wetlands as andNaturaliste most threatened Marine Discovery freshwater Centre, fishes. 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74 CFFR REPORT 2013 – 2014 75 3rd International Sclerochronology Conference, South West Catchment Council (SWCC) South West Caernarfon, North Wales, UK Marine Conference 2013, Bunker Bay, Australia Lymbery, A.,Inaugural Hassan, WesternM., Morgan, Australian D. & Beatty, Freshwater S. (2013).Fish Symposium, A healthy Naturaliste river is one Marine which Discoveryis rich in (some)Centre, . The ways in. which parasites.Hillarys Boat Harbour, Western Australia, November fish use estuaries: a refinement and expansion of 2013. Seewraj, K., Beatty, S., Allen, M. & Keleher, J. (2013). Tweedley,the guild approach. J.R. & Potter, South I.C. West (2013). Catchment Council FishInaugural passage Western for on-stream Australian farm Freshwater dams in theFish south- (SWCC) South West Marine Conference 2013, Bunker westSymposium, of Western Naturaliste Australia: Marine a large-scale Discovery case Centre, study. Bay, Australia 9th Indo-Pacific Fish Hillarys Boat Harbour, Western Australia, November Morgan,Conference, D. & Okinawa, Beatty, S. Japan. (2013). Western Australia’s 2013. . extreme freshwater fishes. Tweedley, J.R. Valesini, F.J., Warwick, R.M., Wildsmith, M.D. & Potter, I.C.South (2013). West HowCatchment healthy Council are estuaries (SWCC) Morgan, D., Beatty, S., Allen,Inaugural M., Ebner, Western B. & Australian Keleher, Smith, H., Bejder, L., Kobryn, H.3 rd& Biennial Waples, SouthK. (2013) West inSouth south-western West Marine Australia? Conference Let’s 2013, ask Bunker the benthic Bay, J.Freshwater (2013). Fishes Fish Symposium,in freshwaters Naturaliste of Western Marine MarineSpace use Conference, by bottlenose Bunker dolphins Bay, Western in the LeschenaultAustralia. invertebrates.Australia Australia:Discovery Centre,an overview. Hillarys Boat Harbour, Western Estuary and Bunbury waters. Australia, November 2013. . Starrs, D., Fulton, C. & Ebner, B. (2013). Veale, L.J., Coulson, P.G., Potter, I.C., Tweedley, J.R., Opportunities to useInaugural otoliths Western for informing Australian Hallett, C.S. & Hoeksema, S.D. (2013). Shifts in the Murphy, J., Lymbery A., Beatty, S. & Morgan, D. WesternFreshwater Australian Fish Symposium, freshwater Naturaliste fish research Marine characteristicsSouth ofWest the Catchment fish faunas Council of the Peel-Harvey(SWCC) South (2013) Population genetic structure and crypticInaugural andDiscovery management. Centre, Hillarys Boat Harbour, Western EstuaryWest Marine in response Conference to anthropogenic 2013, Bunker Bay,and Australiaclimatic speciationWestern Australian within five Freshwater species of Fish freshwater Symposium, fish Australia, November 2013. changes. fromNaturaliste the south-west Marine Discovery of Western Centre, Australia. Hillarys Boat . Harbour, Western Australia, November 2013. Warrington,Morphological R.E., adaptations Hart, N.S., toDavies, different W.I.L., habitats Gill, Sutton, A. & Beckley, L.E. (2013). Drivers Australianof krill H., Potter, I.C., Hunt, D.M. & Collin, S.P. (2013). zoogeographyMarine Sciences in Association the Indian GoldenOcean: Jubileethe implications Inaugural Western Australian Freshwater Ramsay, A., Morgan, D., Beatty, S., Allen, ofConference, poleward Gold flowing Coast, boundary Australia currents. withinFish Symposium, visual and Naturaliste non-visual Marine light detecting Discovery organs Centre, in M., Klunzinger, M.B., Keleher, J. & Robert, J. lampreys.Hillarys Boat Harbour, Western Australia, November (2013).Inaugural Community Western outreach: Australian field guides Freshwater and Fish . 2013. documentariesSymposium, Perth, of WesternWestern AustralianAustralia. freshwater Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research, Murdoch University, Report 2013-2014 fishes. Tonge, J., Valesini, F., Moore, S., Beckley, L.E. & Ryan, M. (2013). Place attachmentAustralian and Marine management Sciences preferencesAssociation Golden of visitors Jubilee at remote Conference, coastal Gold campsites Coast, Published by: Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research, Murdoch University Roberts, R., Beckley, L.E. & Tull, M. (2013). Economic inAustralia Western Australia. Design & Graphics by David L. Morgan value of cyclonicAustralian storm-surge Marine Sciences risk: a hedonicAssociation case Photographs provided by members of the Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research studyGolden of Jubilee residential Conference, property Gold in Coast, Exmouth, Australia Western . Australia. National Youth Science Forum, Perth, MurdochEditors: David Morgan & Fiona Valesini . Tweedley,Australia J.R. (2013). My journey: a career in 90 South St marine biology. Rountrey A.R., Coulson P.G., Feng, M., , Meekan, M., . Meeuwig,The Margaret J.J., Newman, River S.J., meandersNguyen, H.M., its Waite,way to the Indian Ocean Western Australia, 6150 A.M. & Wakefield, C.B. (2013). Otolith chronologies Tweedley, J.R., Beatty, S., Lymbery, A., Keleher, J. from the southeastern Indian Ocean reveal the & Morgan, D. (2013).The fish faunas of the Vasse- Ph: +61 89360 6000 effects of temperature and current flow on the Wonnerup: life in an extreme estuarine environment. Email: [email protected] growth of fishes in a boundary current ecosystem. www.murdoch.edu.au/Research-capabilities/Centre-for-Fish-and-Fisheries-Research/ 90 South St Murdoch Western Australia, 6150 Ph: +61 8 9360 6000 Email: [email protected] http://www.murdoch.edu.au/Research-capabilities/Centre-for-Fish-and-Fisheries-Research/