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The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a New Look at Musical Instrument Classification
The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a new look at musical instrument classification by Roderic C. Knight, Professor of Ethnomusicology Oberlin College Conservatory of Music, © 2015, Rev. 2017 Introduction The year 2015 marks the beginning of the second century for Hornbostel-Sachs, the venerable classification system for musical instruments, created by Erich M. von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs as Systematik der Musikinstrumente in 1914. In addition to pursuing their own interest in the subject, the authors were answering a need for museum scientists and musicologists to accurately identify musical instruments that were being brought to museums from around the globe. As a guiding principle for their classification, they focused on the mechanism by which an instrument sets the air in motion. The idea was not new. The Indian sage Bharata, working nearly 2000 years earlier, in compiling the knowledge of his era on dance, drama and music in the treatise Natyashastra, (ca. 200 C.E.) grouped musical instruments into four great classes, or vadya, based on this very idea: sushira, instruments you blow into; tata, instruments with strings to set the air in motion; avanaddha, instruments with membranes (i.e. drums), and ghana, instruments, usually of metal, that you strike. (This itemization and Bharata’s further discussion of the instruments is in Chapter 28 of the Natyashastra, first translated into English in 1961 by Manomohan Ghosh (Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, v.2). The immediate predecessor of the Systematik was a catalog for a newly-acquired collection at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Brussels. The collection included a large number of instruments from India, and the curator, Victor-Charles Mahillon, familiar with the Indian four-part system, decided to apply it in preparing his catalog, published in 1880 (this is best documented by Nazir Jairazbhoy in Selected Reports in Ethnomusicology – see 1990 in the timeline below). -
The Acoustics of a Tenor Recorder
The Acoustics of a Tenor Recorder by D. D. McKinnon A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts & Sciences of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts Department of Physics 2009 This thesis entitled: The Acoustics of a Tenor Recorder written by D. D. McKinnon has been approved for the Department of Physics Prof. John Price Prof. John Cumalat Prof. Peter Kratzke Date iii McKinnon, D. D. (B.A., Physics) The Acoustics of a Tenor Recorder Thesis directed by Prof. John Price The study of acoustics is rooted in the origins of physics, yet the dynamics of flue-type instruments are still only qualitatively understood. Our group has developed a measurement system, the Acoustic VNA, which can precisely determine acoustic wave amplitudes of the lowest mode propagating in a cylindrical waveguide. I used the AVNA to study a musical oscillator, the tenor recorder. The recorder consists of two compo- nents, an air-jet amplifier driven by the player’s breath and a cylindrical waveguide resonator with an effective length that may by varied by covering or uncovering finger holes. Previous research on the recorder has focused on understanding the resonator frequencies in some detail, but has only provided a rough understanding of the air-jet. In particular, there is not yet a quantitative understanding of how the pitch varies with blowing pressure for a given fingering. I designed several experiments to provide a quantitative picture of how the air-jet behaves at different blowing pressures and discov- ered that higher blowing pressures lead to stronger amplification at higher frequencies. -
FOMRHI Quarterly
il£jia Dal Cortivc Quarterly No. €><4- Jxxly 199 1 FOMRHI Quarterly BULLETIN 64 2 Bulletin Supplement 4 MEMBERSHIP LIST Supplement 63 CO Ivl _vlT_J 1ST ICATI01ST S 1044 Review. A.C.I.M.V. (Larigot) Wind Instrument Makers and their Catalogues No. 1: Martin Freres & FamilJe J. Montagu 5 1045 John Paul: an appreciation J. Barnes 6 1046 [Letter to J. M.] D. J. Way 7 1047 On teaching wood to sing D. J. Way 8 1048 Reconstructing Mersenne's basson and fagot G. Lyndon-Jones & P. Harris 9 1049 Praetorius' "Basset: Nicolo" - "lang Strack basset zu den Krumhomer", or "Centaur, mythical beast"? C. Foster 20 1050 Paper organ pipes D. S. Gill 26 10S1 The longitudinal structure of the "Bizey Boxwood Flute" M. Brach 30 1052 Dutch recorders and transverse flutes of the 17th and 18th century J. Bouterse 33 1053 Some English viol belly shapes E. Segerman 38 1054 Mersenne's monochord B. Napier- Hemy 42 1055 Essays of Pythagorean system: 1. primary concepts, 2. two-dimensional syntax F. Raudonikas 44 1056 Evidence of historical temperament from fretted clavichords P. Bavington & M. Hellon 55 1057 A signed Mietke harpsichord A. Kilstrom 59 FELLOWSHIP OF MAKERS AND RESEARCHERS OF HISTORICAL INSTRUMENTS Hon. Sec.: J. Montagu, c/o Faculty of Music, St. Aldate's Oxford OX1 1DB, U.K. Bull. 64, p. 2 FELLOWSHIP of MAKERS and RESEARCHERS of HISTORICAL INSTRUMENTS Bulletin 64 July, 1991 Well, last time was a bit of a shock. I expected it to be late, as I'd warned you it would be, but not as late as it was. -
Early Fifteenth Century
CONTENTS CHAPTER I ORIENTAL AND GREEK MUSIC Section Item Number Page Number ORIENTAL MUSIC Ι-6 ... 3 Chinese; Japanese; Siamese; Hindu; Arabian; Jewish GREEK MUSIC 7-8 .... 9 Greek; Byzantine CHAPTER II EARLY MEDIEVAL MUSIC (400-1300) LITURGICAL MONOPHONY 9-16 .... 10 Ambrosian Hymns; Ambrosian Chant; Gregorian Chant; Sequences RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR MONOPHONY 17-24 .... 14 Latin Lyrics; Troubadours; Trouvères; Minnesingers; Laude; Can- tigas; English Songs; Mastersingers EARLY POLYPHONY 25-29 .... 21 Parallel Organum; Free Organum; Melismatic Organum; Benedica- mus Domino: Plainsong, Organa, Clausulae, Motets; Organum THIRTEENTH-CENTURY POLYPHONY . 30-39 .... 30 Clausulae; Organum; Motets; Petrus de Cruce; Adam de la Halle; Trope; Conductus THIRTEENTH-CENTURY DANCES 40-41 .... 42 CHAPTER III LATE MEDIEVAL MUSIC (1300-1400) ENGLISH 42 .... 44 Sumer Is Icumen In FRENCH 43-48,56 . 45,60 Roman de Fauvel; Guillaume de Machaut; Jacopin Selesses; Baude Cordier; Guillaume Legrant ITALIAN 49-55,59 · • · 52.63 Jacopo da Bologna; Giovanni da Florentia; Ghirardello da Firenze; Francesco Landini; Johannes Ciconia; Dances χ Section Item Number Page Number ENGLISH 57-58 .... 61 School o£ Worcester; Organ Estampie GERMAN 60 .... 64 Oswald von Wolkenstein CHAPTER IV EARLY FIFTEENTH CENTURY ENGLISH 61-64 .... 65 John Dunstable; Lionel Power; Damett FRENCH 65-72 .... 70 Guillaume Dufay; Gilles Binchois; Arnold de Lantins; Hugo de Lantins CHAPTER V LATE FIFTEENTH CENTURY FLEMISH 73-78 .... 76 Johannes Ockeghem; Jacob Obrecht FRENCH 79 .... 83 Loyset Compère GERMAN 80-84 . ... 84 Heinrich Finck; Conrad Paumann; Glogauer Liederbuch; Adam Ile- borgh; Buxheim Organ Book; Leonhard Kleber; Hans Kotter ENGLISH 85-86 .... 89 Song; Robert Cornysh; Cooper CHAPTER VI EARLY SIXTEENTH CENTURY VOCAL COMPOSITIONS 87,89-98 ... -
Prepared Objects, Compositions That Use Them, and the Resulting Sound Dr
Prepared objects, compositions that use them, and the resulting sound Dr. Stacey Lee Russell Under/On Aluminum foil 1. Beste, Incontro Concertante Buzzing, rattling 2. Brockshus, “I” from Greytudes the keys Cigarette 1. Zwaanenburg, Solo for Prepared Flute Buzzing, rattling paper 2. Szigeti, That’s for You for 3 flutes 3. Matuz, “Studium 6” from 6 Studii per flauto solo 4. Gyӧngyӧssy, “VII” from Pearls Cork 1. Ittzés, “A Most International Flute Festival” Cork is used to wedge specific ring keys into closed positions. Mimics Bansuri, Shakuhachi, Dizi, Ney, Kaval, Didgeridoo, Tilinka, etc. Plastic 1. Bossero, Silentium Nostrum “Inside a plastic bag like a corpse,” Crease sound, mimic “continuous sea marine crackling sensation.” Plastic bag 1. Sasaki, Danpen Rensa II Buzzing, rattling Rice paper 1. Kim, Tchong Buzzing, rattling Thimbles 1. Kubisch, “It’s so touchy” from Emergency Scratching, metallic sounds Solos Inside Beads 1. Brockshus, “I” from Greytudes Overtone series, intonation, beating the tube Buzzers 1. Brockshus, “III” from Greytudes Distortion of sound Cork 1. Matuz, “Studium 1” from 6 Studii per flauto Overtone series, note sound solo octave lower than written 2. Eӧtvӧs, Windsequenzen 3. Zwaanenburg, Solo for Prepared Flute 4. Matuz, “Studium 5” from 6 Studii per flauto solo 5. Fonville, Music for Sarah 6. Gyӧngyӧssy, “III” from Pearls 7. Gyӧngyӧssy, “VI” from Pearls Darts 1. Brockshus, “II” from Greytudes Beating, interference tones Erasers & 1. Brockshus, “I” from Greytudes Overtone series, intonation, Earplugs beating Plastic squeaky 1. Kubisch, “Variation on a classical theme” Strident, acute sound toy sausage from Emergency Solos Siren 1. Bossero, Silentium Nostrum Marine signaling, turbine spins/whistles Talkbox 1.Krüeger, Komm her, Sternschnuppe Talkbox tube is hooked up to the footjoint, fed by pre- recorded tape or live synthesizer sounds © Copyright by Stacey Lee Russell, 2019 www.staceyleerussell.com [email protected] x.stacey.russell Towel 1. -
The World Atlas of Musical Instruments
Musik_001-004_GB 15.03.2012 16:33 Uhr Seite 3 (5. Farbe Textschwarz Auszug) The World Atlas of Musical Instruments Illustrations Anton Radevsky Text Bozhidar Abrashev & Vladimir Gadjev Design Krassimira Despotova 8 THE CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS THE STUDY OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, their history, evolution, construction, and systematics is the subject of the science of organology. Its subject matter is enormous, covering practically the entire history of humankind and includes all cultural periods and civilizations. The science studies archaeological findings, the collections of ethnography museums, historical, religious and literary sources, paintings, drawings, and sculpture. Organology is indispensable for the development of specialized museum and amateur collections of musical instruments. It is also the science that analyzes the works of the greatest instrument makers and their schools in historical, technological, and aesthetic terms. The classification of instruments used for the creation and performance of music dates back to ancient times. In ancient Greece, for example, they were divided into two main groups: blown and struck. All stringed instruments belonged to the latter group, as the strings were “struck” with fingers or a plectrum. Around the second century B. C., a separate string group was established, and these instruments quickly acquired a leading role. A more detailed classification of the three groups – wind, percussion, and strings – soon became popular. At about the same time in China, instrument classification was based on the principles of the country’s religion and philosophy. Instruments were divided into eight groups depending on the quality of the sound and on the material of which they were made: metal, stone, clay, skin, silk, wood, gourd, and bamboo. -
Catalogue 2021
medir .cat Catalogue 2021 Summary Clarinet Sax Historic Instruments Bassoon Oboe & English Horn Traditional & Folk Bag Pipe & Uilleann Pipe Cork Summary Clarinet 04 Sax 12 Historic Instruments 21 Bassoon 28 Oboe & English Horn 51 Traditional & Folk Instruments 73 Bag pipe & Uilleann Pipe 79 Cork 88 medir.cat 03 Clarinet medir.cat 04 Summary Clarinet Sax Historic Instruments Bassoon Oboe & English Horn Traditional & Folk Bag Pipe & Uilleann Pipe Cork Medir Reeds C108 Bb Clarinet - 10 pieces C1085 Bb Clarinet - 5 pieces C117 Eb Clarinet - 10 pieces C1175 Eb Clarinet - 5 pieces Strenght: 1,5 / 2 / 2,5 / 3 / 3,5 / 4 / 4,5 / 5 C113 Bass Clarinet - 10 pieces C1135 Bass Clarinet - 5 pieces C108 C1085 Strenght: 2 / 2,5 / 3 / 3,5 / 4 / 4,5 C113 C108 medir.cat 05 Summary Clarinet Sax Historic Instruments Bassoon Oboe & English Horn Traditional & Folk Bag Pipe & Uilleann Pipe Cork Medir Cane C101 Clarinet Tube Cane - 1 Kg Diameter: >25mm / Thickness >3 mm C103 Bb Clarinet Splits - 100 pieces Length: 69 mm / Thickness: >3 mm C104 Bb Clarinet Flat Blank - 100 pieces Length: 69 mm / Thickness: 2,2 mm C101 C103 C105 Bb Clarinet Blanks - 100 pieces Filled / Unfilled C106 Bb German Clarinet Blanks - 100 pieces C107 Eb Petit Clarinet Blanks - 100 pieces Filled C104 C105 medir.cat 06 Summary Clarinet Sax Historic Instruments Bassoon Oboe & English Horn Traditional & Folk Bag Pipe & Uilleann Pipe Cork Mouthpieces C110B Bb Clarinet C110E Eb Clarinet C110BS Bb Bass Clarinet Tip opening: close, 3, 4, 5, 6, open Ligatures C111 C111B Bb Clarinet C111E Eb Clarinet -
Bassoonbassoon 2018–2021 2018–2021 GRADE 1
BassoonBassoon 2018–2021 2018–2021 GRADE 1 THREE PIECES: one chosen by the candidate from each of the three Lists, A, B and C: COMPOSER PIECE / WORK / ARRANGER PUBLICATION (PUBLISHER) A 1 Aubert Gavotte, arr. Hilling & Bergmann First Book of Bassoon Solos (Faber) 2 Jacques Menuet du Tambourin, arr. Hilling & Bergmann First Book of Bassoon Solos (Faber) Hotteterre 3 Diabelli Serenade (from Op. 125), arr. Wastall P. 22 from Learn as You Play Bassoon (Boosey & Hawkes ) 4 Diabelli The Carousel, arr. Denwood 16 Progressive Pieces for Bassoon (Emerson) 5 Gurlitt See-Saw, arr. Denwood 16 Progressive Pieces for Bassoon (Emerson) 6 Pepusch Youth’s the Season Made for Joys, arr. Sparke Sounds Classical for Bassoon (Anglo Music) 7 Vogel Waltz, arr. Sparke Sounds Classical for Bassoon (Anglo Music) 8 Trad. The Mallow Fling, arr. Lawrance Easy Winners for Bassoon (Brass Wind +) 9 Trad. German Wooden Heart, arr. Lawrance Easy Winners for Bassoon (Brass Wind +) 10 Trad. Czech The Little Drummer Boy, arr. Denley Time Pieces for Bassoon, Vol. 1 (ABRSM ◊) B 1 Bruns & A Pirate’s Life for Me, arr. Lawrance Winner Scores All for Bassoon (Brass Wind ) Atencio 2 John Burness Slow Waltz or Allegro (No. 1 or No. 2 from Four John Burness: Four Easy Pieces (Paterson’s) Easy Pieces) 3 Roma Cafolla Hush-a-bye or Musical Box (from Playaround Roma Cafolla: Playaround for Bassoon, Book 2: Revised for Bassoon) Edition 2017 (Forton Music) 4 Colin Cowles Catchy Toon or Croonin’ ’oon (No. 3 or No. 6 Colin Cowles: 25 Fun Moments for Bassoon from 25 Fun Moments for Bassoon) (Studio Music) 5 Chris Hazell West Point upper note in bb. -
WOODWIND INSTRUMENT 2,151,337 a 3/1939 Selmer 2,501,388 a * 3/1950 Holland
United States Patent This PDF file contains a digital copy of a United States patent that relates to the Native American Flute. It is part of a collection of Native American Flute resources available at the web site http://www.Flutopedia.com/. As part of the Flutopedia effort, extensive metadata information has been encoded into this file (see File/Properties for title, author, citation, right management, etc.). You can use text search on this document, based on the OCR facility in Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro. Also, all fonts have been embedded, so this file should display identically on various systems. Based on our best efforts, we believe that providing this material from Flutopedia.com to users in the United States does not violate any legal rights. However, please do not assume that it is legal to use this material outside the United States or for any use other than for your own personal use for research and self-enrichment. Also, we cannot offer guidance as to whether any specific use of any particular material is allowed. If you have any questions about this document or issues with its distribution, please visit http://www.Flutopedia.com/, which has information on how to contact us. Contributing Source: United States Patent and Trademark Office - http://www.uspto.gov/ Digitizing Sponsor: Patent Fetcher - http://www.PatentFetcher.com/ Digitized by: Stroke of Color, Inc. Document downloaded: December 5, 2009 Updated: May 31, 2010 by Clint Goss [[email protected]] 111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 US007563970B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,563,970 B2 Laukat et al. -
Instruments of the Orchestra
INSTRUMENTS OF THE ORCHESTRA String Family WHAT: Wooden, hollow-bodied instruments strung with metal strings across a bridge. WHERE: Find this family in the front of the orchestra and along the right side. HOW: Sound is produced by a vibrating string that is bowed with a bow made of horse tail hair. The air then resonates in the hollow body. Other playing techniques include pizzicato (plucking the strings), col legno (playing with the wooden part of the bow), and double-stopping (bowing two strings at once). WHY: Composers use these instruments for their singing quality and depth of sound. HOW MANY: There are four sizes of stringed instruments: violin, viola, cello and bass. A total of forty-four are used in full orchestras. The string family is the largest family in the orchestra, accounting for over half of the total number of musicians on stage. The string instruments all have carved, hollow, wooden bodies with four strings running from top to bottom. The instruments have basically the same shape but vary in size, from the smaller VIOLINS and VIOLAS, which are played by being held firmly under the chin and either bowed or plucked, to the larger CELLOS and BASSES, which stand on the floor, supported by a long rod called an end pin. The cello is always played in a seated position, while the bass is so large that a musician must stand or sit on a very high stool in order to play it. These stringed instruments developed from an older instrument called the viol, which had six strings. -
Download Discantus Artistic Projects
SPEEDMEETINGS SUBSCRIPTION FORM COMPANY : Ensemble Discantus / Centre de musique médiévale de Paris Brigitte LESNE (in french and spanish, available until 15:00) Anne PIFFARD (English), Alain GENUYS (French) e-mail : [email protected] - tél : 0033 1 45 80 74 49 Describe your company in a few words : Discantus is women vocal ensemble that brings alive the vocal repertoire, primarily sacred, of the Middle Ages from the first Western musical notation of the 9th century up to the 15th century. Founded in 1989 under the direction of Brigitte Lesne, it brings together passionate singers from diverse backgrounds capable of adopting a vocal style appropriate to the medieval repertoire, uniting unique individual timbres to form a coherent ensemble sound. Since the 2000’s, Discantus’ handbells became like the "signature" of the ensemble. Invited to the most prestigious festivals, Discantus performs regularly in France, in Western, Central and Eastern Europe (Croatia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland) and as far as Fes in Morocco, Beyrouth in Lebanon, New York, Perth, and also in Colombia. The 13th recording, "the Argument of Beauty" (sacred polyphonies by Gilles Binchois, at æon recordings) was rewarded as 2010 best recordings of the year by Le Monde newspaper. In 2014, « Music for a King » - also by æon – alternates 11th century repertoire with two pieces commissioned to young composers using texts of Boethius. Discantus keeps enlarging it's repertoire with two new programs incorporating typical medieval stringed instruments (harp, hurdy-gurdy, psaltery, fiddle) played by the singers themselves: "A path to the field of stars, pligrim's songs" and "Santa Maria, At the court of Alfonso el Sabio". -
BH Program FINAL
MUSIC BEFORE 1800 Louise Basbas, Director Blue Heron Christmas at the Courts of 15th-Century France & Burgundy Scott Metcalfe, director and harp Jennifer Ashe, Pamela Dellal, Martin Near, Daniela Tosic Michael Barrett, Owen McIntosh, Jason McStoots, Stefan Reed, Mark Sprinkle, Sumner Tompson Cameron Beauchamp, Paul Guttry Laura Jeppesen, vielle and rebec; Charles Weaver, lute and voice Advent O clavis David (O-antiphon for December 20) plainchant Factor orbis Jacob Obrecht (1457/8 - 1505) O virgo virginum (O-antiphon for December 24) plainchant O virgo virginum Josquin Desprez (c. 1455 - 1521) Conditor alme siderum (alternatim hymn for Advent) Guillaume Du Fay (c. 1397 - 1474) Ave Maria gratia dei plena Antoine Brumel (c. 1460 - c. 1512) Christmas O admirabile commercium / Verbum caro factum est Johannes Regis (c. 1425 - 1426) INTERMISSION Christmas Letabundus (Christmas sequence) Guillaume Du Fay Praeter rerum seriem Adrian Willaert (c. 1490 - 1562 New Year’s Day La plus belle et doulce figure Nicolas Grenon (c. 1380 - 1456) Dieu vous doinst bon jour et demy Guillaume Malbecque (c. 1400 - 1465) Dame excellent ou sont bonté, scavoir Baude Cordier (d. 1397/8?) De tous biens playne (instrumental) Johannes Tinctoris (c. 1435 - 1511?) Margarite, fleur de valeur Gilles Binchois (c. 1400 - 1460) Ce jour de l’an voudray joie mener Guillaume Du Fay Christmas Gloria Spiritus et alme Johannes Ciconia (c. 1370 - 1412) Nato canunt omnia Antoine Brumel Tis concert is sponsored, in part, by the Florence Gould Foundation, Music Before 1800’s programs are supported, in part, by public funds from the New York State Council on the Arts with the support of Governor Andrew Cuomo and the New York State Legislature and the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs in partnership with the City Council.