Unprecedented Genomic Diversity of RNA Viruses in Arthropods

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Unprecedented Genomic Diversity of RNA Viruses in Arthropods

MononegaviralesArenaviridaeBunyaviridae OphioviridaeOrthomyxoviridae ArenaviridaeBunyaviridae OrthomyxoviridaeMononegaviralesTenuivirus EmaravirusVaricosavirus ArenaviridaeBunyaviridae Nairovirus Tenuivirus Emaravirus OrthobunyavirusTospovirus Heterodera glycinesProcotyla fluviatilis BunyaviridaeOrthomyxoviridae Mononegavirales Mononegavirales Phlebovirus .

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Using Cell Lines to Study Factors Affecting Transmission of Fish Viruses
Using cell lines to study factors affecting transmission of fish viruses by Phuc Hoang Pham A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2014 ©Phuc Hoang Pham 2014 AUTHOR'S DECLARATION I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii ABSTRACT Factors that can influence the transmission of aquatic viruses in fish production facilities and natural environment are the immune defense of host species, the ability of viruses to infect host cells, and the environmental persistence of viruses. In this thesis, fish cell lines were used to study different aspects of these factors. Five viruses were used in this study: viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) from the Rhabdoviridae family; chum salmon reovirus (CSV) from the Reoviridae family; infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) from the Birnaviridae family; and grouper iridovirus (GIV) and frog virus-3 (FV3) from the Iridoviridae family. The first factor affecting the transmission of fish viruses examined in this thesis is the immune defense of host species. In this work, infections of marine VHSV-IVa and freshwater VHSV-IVb were studied in two rainbow trout cell lines, RTgill-W1 from the gill epithelium, and RTS11 from spleen macrophages. RTgill-W1 produced infectious progeny of both VHSV-IVa and -IVb. However, VHSV-IVa was more infectious than IVb toward RTgill-W1: IVa caused cytopathic effects (CPE) at a lower viral titre, elicited CPE earlier, and yielded higher titres.
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Characterization of Viral Communities of Biting Midges and Identification
viruses Article Characterization of Viral Communities of Biting Midges and Identiﬁcation of Novel Thogotovirus Species and Rhabdovirus Genus Sarah Temmam 1, Sonia Monteil-Bouchard 1, Catherine Robert 1, Jean-Pierre Baudoin 1, Masse Sambou 1, Maxence Aubadie-Ladrix 1, Noémie Labas 1, Didier Raoult 1,2, Oleg Mediannikov 1 and Christelle Desnues 1,* 1 Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France; [email protected] (S.T.); [email protected] (S.M.-B.); [email protected] (C.R.); [email protected] (J.-P.B.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (M.A.-L.); [email protected] (N.L.); [email protected] (D.R.); [email protected] (O.M.). 2 Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Méditerranée Infection, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille 13005, France * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-0-491324630; Fax: +33-0-491387772 Academic Editors: Johnson Mak, Peter Walker and Marcus Thomas Gilbert Received: 21 October 2015; Accepted: 1 March 2016; Published: 11 March 2016 Abstract: More than two thirds of emerging viruses are of zoonotic origin, and among them RNA viruses represent the majority. Ceratopogonidae (genus Culicoides) are well-known vectors of several viruses responsible for epizooties (bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic disease, etc.). They are also vectors of the only known virus infecting humans: the Oropouche virus. Female midges usually feed on a variety of hosts, leading to possible transmission of emerging viruses from animals to humans.
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Data-Driven Identification of Potential Zika Virus Vectors Michelle V Evans1,2*, Tad a Dallas1,3, Barbara a Han4, Courtney C Murdock1,2,5,6,7,8, John M Drake1,2,8
RESEARCH ARTICLE Data-driven identification of potential Zika virus vectors Michelle V Evans1,2*, Tad A Dallas1,3, Barbara A Han4, Courtney C Murdock1,2,5,6,7,8, John M Drake1,2,8 1Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 2Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 3Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California-Davis, Davis, United States; 4Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, United States; 5Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 6Center for Tropical Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 7Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 8River Basin Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States Abstract Zika is an emerging virus whose rapid spread is of great public health concern. Knowledge about transmission remains incomplete, especially concerning potential transmission in geographic areas in which it has not yet been introduced. To identify unknown vectors of Zika, we developed a data-driven model linking vector species and the Zika virus via vector-virus trait combinations that confer a propensity toward associations in an ecological network connecting flaviviruses and their mosquito vectors. Our model predicts that thirty-five species may be able to transmit the virus, seven of which are found in the continental United States, including Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. pipiens. We suggest that empirical studies prioritize these species to confirm predictions of vector competence, enabling the correct identification of populations at risk for transmission within the United States. *For correspondence: mvevans@ DOI: 10.7554/eLife.22053.001 uga.edu Competing interests: The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
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Application of the Mermithid Nematode, Romanomermis
THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA Application of the Mermithid Nematode, Romanomermis culicivorax Ross and Smith, 1976, for Mosquito Control in Manitoba and Taxonomic Investigations in the Genus Romanomermis Coman, 1961 by Terry Don Galloway A·THESIS SUBMITTED IN THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIRENiENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTlflENT OF ENTOI\�OLOGY WINNIPEG, MANITOBA 1977 Applicati.on of the Mermi.thid Nematode, Romanomermis culicivorax Ross and Smith, 1976, for Mosquito Control in Manitoba and Taxonomic Investigations in the Genus Romanomermis Coman, 1961 by Terry Don Galloway A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Stuuics of the University or Manitoba in partial fulfillmcnl of the requirements or l he degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY © 1977 Permission has been granll'd lo lhc LIBRARY OF TIIE UNIVER SITY OF MAN ITO BA lo lend or sell copies of this dissertation, lo lhc NATIONAL LIBRARY OF CANADA to mil:mfilrn this dissertation and lo lend or sell copies or the film, and UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS to publish :111 abstr:tct of this dissert:1lion. The author reserves other public.ition rights, and· neither lht' dissertation nor extensive extracts from it may be printed or otl11:r wise reproduced without lhc author's written p,mnission. ii ABSTRACT Successful invasion by the mermithid Romanomermis culicivorax declined linearly from 93.6 to 1.5% in Culex tarsalis and from 73,1 to 1.6% in Aedes dorsalis larvae ° exposed in the laboratory at 18, 16, 14, 12 and 10 C for 48 hours, Larvae of C. tarsalis were more susceptible than ° those of A.
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Host-Feeding Patterns of Culex Tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles Sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Ricefield Agroecosystem
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Kanazawa University Repository for Academic Resources Host-feeding patterns of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in a ricefield agroecosystem. 著者 Mwandawiro Charles, Tsuda Yoshio, Tuno Nobuko, Higa Yukiko, Urakawa Emiko, Sugiyama Akira, Yanagi Tetsuo, Takagi Masahiro journal or Medical Entomology and Zoology = 衛生動物 publication title volume 50 number 3 page range 267-273 year 1999-09-15 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2297/12381 TRANSACTIONSOFTHEROYALSOCIETYOFTROPICALMEDICINEANDHYGIENE(2000)94,238-242 Heterogeneity in the host preference of Japanese encephalitis vectors in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand Charles Mwandawiro’ , Michael Boots’, Nobuko Tuna’ , Wannapa Suwonkerd’, Yoshio Tsuda’ and Masahiro Takagi’* ‘Department of Medical Entomology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, 852-8523 Nagasaki, Japan; 20fice of Vector Borne Diseases Control No. 2, 18 Boonruangrit Road, Muang District, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Abstract Experiments, using the capture-mark-release-recapture technique inside large nets, were carried out in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand, to examine heterogeneity in the host preference of Japanese encephalitis w) vectors. A significantly higher proportion of the vector species that were initially attracted to a cow fed when released into a net with a cow than when released into a net containing a pig. However, Culex vishnui individuals that had been attracted to a pig had a higher feeding rate in a net containing a pig rather than a cow. When mosquitoes were given a choice by being released into a net containing both animals, they exhibited a tendency to feed on the host to which they had originally been attracted.
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A Review of the Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae) of Bangladesh Seth R
Irish et al. Parasites & Vectors (2016) 9:559 DOI 10.1186/s13071-016-1848-z RESEARCH Open Access A review of the mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) of Bangladesh Seth R. Irish1*, Hasan Mohammad Al-Amin2, Mohammad Shafiul Alam2 and Ralph E. Harbach3 Abstract Background: Diseases caused by mosquito-borne pathogens remain an important source of morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. To better control the vectors that transmit the agents of disease, and hence the diseases they cause, and to appreciate the diversity of the family Culicidae, it is important to have an up-to-date list of the species present in the country. Original records were collected from a literature review to compile a list of the species recorded in Bangladesh. Results: Records for 123 species were collected, although some species had only a single record. This is an increase of ten species over the most recent complete list, compiled nearly 30 years ago. Collection records of three additional species are included here: Anopheles pseudowillmori, Armigeres malayi and Mimomyia luzonensis. Conclusions: While this work constitutes the most complete list of mosquito species collected in Bangladesh, further work is needed to refine this list and understand the distributions of those species within the country. Improved morphological and molecular methods of identification will allow the refinement of this list in years to come. Keywords: Species list, Mosquitoes, Bangladesh, Culicidae Background separation of Pakistan and India in 1947, Aslamkhan [11] Several diseases in Bangladesh are caused by mosquito- published checklists for mosquito species, indicating which borne pathogens. Malaria remains an important cause of were found in East Pakistan (Bangladesh).
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Redalyc.New Records of Three Hippoboscid Species on Newly Captured Birds from Nature in Paraná, Brazil
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ISSN: 0103-846X [email protected] Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária Brasil Fontanelli Vaz, Frederico; Natascha Teixeira, Valéria New records of three hippoboscid species on newly captured birds from nature in Paraná, Brazil Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, vol. 25, núm. 4, octubre-diciembre, 2016, pp. 501-503 Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária Jaboticabal, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=397848910019 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Research Note Braz. J. Vet. Parasitol., Jaboticabalv. 25, n. 4, p. 501-503, out.-dez. 2016 ISSN 0103-846X (Print) / ISSN 1984-2961 (Electronic) Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612016056 New records of three hippoboscid species on newly captured birds from nature in Paraná, Brazil Novos registros de três espécies de hipoboscídeos em aves recém-capturadas da natureza no Paraná, Brasil Frederico Fontanelli Vaz1*; Valéria Natascha Teixeira2 1 Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná – PUCPR, Tijucas do Sul, PR, Brasil 2 Laboratório de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Medicina Veterinária, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná – PUCPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil Received April 4, 2015 Accepted August 23, 2016 Abstract The aims of this study was to provide new records of hippoboscid flies collected over an one-year period on newly captured birds from nature in the state of Paraná, Brazil.
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Studies on Interspecies and Intraspecies Transmission of Influenza a Viruses
STUDIES ON INTERSPECIES AND INTRASPECIES TRANSMISSION OF INFLUENZA A VIRUSES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Hadi M. Yassine, M.Sc. ***** The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: Professor Y.M. Saif, Adviser Professor D.J. Jackwood Approved by Professor J. Lejeune Assistant Professor C.W. Lee ______________________ Adviser Graduate Program in Veterinary Preventive Medicine i Copyright HAdi M. Yassine 2009 ii ABSTRACT Influenza A viruses are enveloped viruses belonging to the family Orthomyxoviradae that encompasses four more genera: Influenza B, Influenza C, Isavirus and Thogotovirus. Type A is the only genus that is highly infectious to variety of animal species, including human, pigs, wild and domestic birds, horses, cats, dogs, ferrets, seals, whales, and others. Avian viruses are generally thought to preferentially bind the N-acetylneuraminic acid- α2,3-galactose (NeuAcα2,3Gal) form of sialic acid receptors and human viruses preferentially bind to NeuAcα2,6Gal sialic acid receptors. Pigs express substantial amount of both forms of sialic acids on their upper respiratory epithelial cells, and it is believed that both avian and human influenza viruses can attach to the appropriate receptors and infect pigs. Hence, pigs have been postulated to serve as a “mixing vessels” in which two or more influenza viruses can co-infect and undergo reassortment with potential for development of new viruses that can transmit to and infect other species. An H1N1 influenza A virus, A/swine/Ohio/24366/07, was isolated from pigs in an Ohio County fair.
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Laboratory Studies of Anopheles Atroparvus in Relation To
[ 478 ] LABORATORY STUDIES OF ANOPHELES ATBOPARVUS IN RELATION TO MYXOMATOSIS BY C. H. ANDREWES, R. C. MUIRHEAD-THOMSON AND J. P. STEVENSON* National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, N.W.I and the Infesta- tion Control Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Tolworth, Surrey Though rabbit fleas (Spilopsyllus) are the principal vectors of myxomatosis in Britain (Armour & Thompson, 1955), Anopheles labranchiae atroparvus^ has been implicated in its transmission amongst domestic rabbits (Muirhead-Thomson, 1956). This mosquito was first shown to carry infection under laboratory condi- tions by Jacotot, Toumanoff, Vallee & Virat in France (1954). They found that in- fection was transmitted up to 21 days after the infective blood meal; that a single bite of the Anopheles was sufficient to produce infection and that a single mosquito could infect several rabbits one after the other at short intervals. These basic observations have been confirmed. In addition, it has been shown that infection can be produced by insertion of the mosquito's mouthparts alone, without actual feeding; that, after the first few days, virus is present only in the mouthparts of the insect; and that infected mosquitoes can remain infective for several months, much longer than is reported for this insect by the French workers or for other mosquitoes by Australian workers (Fenner, Day & Woodroofe, 1952). The possibility that myxoma virus multiplies in A. atroparvus will be discussed. METHODS We used both wild and laboratory-reared atroparvus, most frequently wild caught semi-hibernating insects. Rabbits used for feeding experiments were first anaes- thetized by intraperitoneal injection of nembutal.
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How Influenza Virus Uses Host Cell Pathways During Uncoating
cells Review How Influenza Virus Uses Host Cell Pathways during Uncoating Etori Aguiar Moreira 1 , Yohei Yamauchi 2 and Patrick Matthias 1,3,* 1 Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Influenza is a zoonotic respiratory disease of major public health interest due to its pan- demic potential, and a threat to animals and the human population. The influenza A virus genome consists of eight single-stranded RNA segments sequestered within a protein capsid and a lipid bilayer envelope. During host cell entry, cellular cues contribute to viral conformational changes that promote critical events such as fusion with late endosomes, capsid uncoating and viral genome release into the cytosol. In this focused review, we concisely describe the virus infection cycle and highlight the recent findings of host cell pathways and cytosolic proteins that assist influenza uncoating during host cell entry. Keywords: influenza; capsid uncoating; HDAC6; ubiquitin; EPS8; TNPO1; pandemic; M1; virus– host interaction Citation: Moreira, E.A.; Yamauchi, Y.; Matthias, P. How Influenza Virus Uses Host Cell Pathways during 1. Introduction Uncoating. Cells 2021, 10, 1722. Viruses are microscopic parasites that, unable to self-replicate, subvert a host cell https://doi.org/10.3390/ for their replication and propagation. Despite their apparent simplicity, they can cause cells10071722 severe diseases and even pose pandemic threats [1–3].
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Downloaded from the National Center for Cide Resistance Mechanisms
Zhou et al. Parasites & Vectors (2018) 11:32 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2584-8 RESEARCH Open Access ASGDB: a specialised genomic resource for interpreting Anopheles sinensis insecticide resistance Dan Zhou, Yang Xu, Cheng Zhang, Meng-Xue Hu, Yun Huang, Yan Sun, Lei Ma, Bo Shen* and Chang-Liang Zhu Abstract Background: Anopheles sinensis is an important malaria vector in Southeast Asia. The widespread emergence of insecticide resistance in this mosquito species poses a serious threat to the efficacy of malaria control measures, particularly in China. Recently, the whole-genome sequencing and de novo assembly of An. sinensis (China strain) has been finished. A series of insecticide-resistant studies in An. sinensis have also been reported. There is a growing need to integrate these valuable data to provide a comprehensive database for further studies on insecticide-resistant management of An. sinensis. Results: A bioinformatics database named An. sinensis genome database (ASGDB) was built. In addition to being a searchable database of published An. sinensis genome sequences and annotation, ASGDB provides in-depth analytical platforms for further understanding of the genomic and genetic data, including visualization of genomic data, orthologous relationship analysis, GO analysis, pathway analysis, expression analysis and resistance-related gene analysis. Moreover, ASGDB provides a panoramic view of insecticide resistance studies in An. sinensis in China. In total, 551 insecticide-resistant phenotypic and genotypic reports on An. sinensis distributed in Chinese malaria- endemic areas since the mid-1980s have been collected, manually edited in the same format and integrated into OpenLayers map-based interface, which allows the international community to assess and exploit the high volume of scattered data much easier.
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www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Mosquitoes of the Maculipennis complex in Northern Italy Mattia Calzolari1*, Rosanna Desiato2, Alessandro Albieri3, Veronica Bellavia2, Michela Bertola4, Paolo Bonilauri1, Emanuele Callegari1, Sabrina Canziani1, Davide Lelli1, Andrea Mosca5, Paolo Mulatti4, Simone Peletto2, Silvia Ravagnan4, Paolo Roberto5, Deborah Torri1, Marco Pombi6, Marco Di Luca7 & Fabrizio Montarsi4,6 The correct identifcation of mosquito vectors is often hampered by the presence of morphologically indiscernible sibling species. The Maculipennis complex is one of these groups that include both malaria vectors of primary importance and species of low/negligible epidemiological relevance, of which distribution data in Italy are outdated. Our study was aimed at providing an updated distribution of Maculipennis complex in Northern Italy through the sampling and morphological/ molecular identifcation of specimens from fve regions. The most abundant species was Anopheles messeae (2032), followed by Anopheles maculipennis s.s. (418), Anopheles atroparvus (28) and Anopheles melanoon (13). Taking advantage of ITS2 barcoding, we were able to fnely characterize tested mosquitoes, classifying all the Anopheles messeae specimens as Anopheles daciae, a taxon with debated rank to which we referred as species inquirenda (sp. inq.). The distribution of species was characterized by Ecological Niche Models (ENMs), fed by recorded points of presence. ENMs provided clues on the ecological preferences of the detected species, with An. daciae sp. inq. linked to stable breeding sites and An. maculipennis s.s. more associated to ephemeral breeding sites. We demonstrate that historical Anopheles malaria vectors are still present in Northern Italy. In early 1900, afer the incrimination of Anopheles mosquito as a malaria vector, malariologists made big attempts to solve the puzzling phenomenon of “Anophelism without malaria”, that is, the absence of malaria in areas with an abundant presence of mosquitoes that seemed to transmit the disease in other areas1.
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