Host-Feeding Patterns of Culex Tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles Sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Ricefield Agroecosystem
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Phenotypic Diversity in Culex Vishnui Theobald (Culicidae: Diptera)
International Journal of Mosquito Research 2017; 4(4): 95-100 ISSN: 2348-5906 CODEN: IJMRK2 IJMR 2017; 4(4): 95-100 Phenotypic diversity in Culex vishnui Theobald © 2017 IJMR Received: 03-05-2017 (Culicidae: Diptera) Accepted: 04-06-2017 Monika Airi Monika Airi Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Sri Guru Granth Abstract Sahib World University, Samples of Culex vishnui Theobald randomly collected from different water bodies in Chandigarh and Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India surrounding parts of Punjab and Haryana states reveal significant morphological differences which may be minor or quite apparent. These differences relate to the distribution and colouration of scales on different parts of body including head, legs and abdomen. The scales present on proboscis and maxillary palp are arranged in a few bands or some of them are scattered on general surface. Their colour varies from pale to dark brown. The shape of such bands on abdominal terga also varies from transverse to triangular bands. The male genitalia is also highly variable presenting difference in number of finger like processes on phallosome along with the length of mesal spine and sternal spine. Possible causes for the appearance of alternate phenotypes have been discussed. Keywords: Mosquito, Culex vishnui, taxonomy, Intraspecific variations. 1. Introduction Culex vishui Theobald 1901 belongs to subgenus Culex of Genus Culex. In India this genus is represented by seven subgenera i.e. Barraudius, Culex, Culiciomyia, Eumelanomyia, Lophoceraomyia, Oculeomyia and Maillotia [1]. Among these, the members of subgenus Culex are most dominant and are the vectors of various diseases like filariasis, elephantiasis and Japanese encephalitis [2, 3]. -
Data-Driven Identification of Potential Zika Virus Vectors Michelle V Evans1,2*, Tad a Dallas1,3, Barbara a Han4, Courtney C Murdock1,2,5,6,7,8, John M Drake1,2,8
RESEARCH ARTICLE Data-driven identification of potential Zika virus vectors Michelle V Evans1,2*, Tad A Dallas1,3, Barbara A Han4, Courtney C Murdock1,2,5,6,7,8, John M Drake1,2,8 1Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 2Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 3Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California-Davis, Davis, United States; 4Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, United States; 5Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 6Center for Tropical Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 7Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 8River Basin Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States Abstract Zika is an emerging virus whose rapid spread is of great public health concern. Knowledge about transmission remains incomplete, especially concerning potential transmission in geographic areas in which it has not yet been introduced. To identify unknown vectors of Zika, we developed a data-driven model linking vector species and the Zika virus via vector-virus trait combinations that confer a propensity toward associations in an ecological network connecting flaviviruses and their mosquito vectors. Our model predicts that thirty-five species may be able to transmit the virus, seven of which are found in the continental United States, including Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. pipiens. We suggest that empirical studies prioritize these species to confirm predictions of vector competence, enabling the correct identification of populations at risk for transmission within the United States. *For correspondence: mvevans@ DOI: 10.7554/eLife.22053.001 uga.edu Competing interests: The authors declare that no competing interests exist. -
Establishment of a Multiplex RT-PCR for the Sensitive and Differential Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype 1 and 3
Journal of Bacteriology and Virology 2016. Vol. 46, No. 4 p.231 – 238 http://dx.doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2016.46.4.231 Original Article Establishment of a Multiplex RT-PCR for the Sensitive and Differential Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype 1 and 3 * Dong-Kun Yang , Ha-Hyun Kim, Hyun-Ye Jo, Sung-Suk Choi and In-Soo Cho Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a zoonosis that affects the nervous system of humans and other animals. The genotype of JE virus (JEV) has shifted recently from genotype 3 (G3) to genotype 1 (G1) in Asia, including Korea. Thus, a rapid differential assay is required to make an accurate diagnosis of JEV genotype. In this study, we designed common and differential primer sets for JEV G1 and G3 to detect the JEV envelope (E) gene. The specific primer sets for JEV G1 and 1.0 2.0 2.0 G3 specifically amplified the target gene. The detection limits of the three primer sets were 10 , 10 , and 10 TCID50/ reaction, respectively. No cross-reactivity was detected with non-JEV reference viruses. The multiplex reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay specifically differentiated JEV G1 from G3. Thus, a one-step multiplex RT-PCR assay was established to rapidly and differentially detect JEV. This assay will be useful for confirming JEV infections in animals and checking the JEV genotype in veterinary biological products. Key Words: Japanese encephalitis virus, Multiplex RT-PCR, Genotype infected mosquito bites. JE cases are traditionally identified INTRODUCTION in Asian countries, but 1.3% of blood donors in French Polynesia were seropositive for JEV between 2011 and 2013 Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a reemerging zoonosis (3), and JEV RNA was detected in C. -
A Review of the Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae) of Bangladesh Seth R
Irish et al. Parasites & Vectors (2016) 9:559 DOI 10.1186/s13071-016-1848-z RESEARCH Open Access A review of the mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) of Bangladesh Seth R. Irish1*, Hasan Mohammad Al-Amin2, Mohammad Shafiul Alam2 and Ralph E. Harbach3 Abstract Background: Diseases caused by mosquito-borne pathogens remain an important source of morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. To better control the vectors that transmit the agents of disease, and hence the diseases they cause, and to appreciate the diversity of the family Culicidae, it is important to have an up-to-date list of the species present in the country. Original records were collected from a literature review to compile a list of the species recorded in Bangladesh. Results: Records for 123 species were collected, although some species had only a single record. This is an increase of ten species over the most recent complete list, compiled nearly 30 years ago. Collection records of three additional species are included here: Anopheles pseudowillmori, Armigeres malayi and Mimomyia luzonensis. Conclusions: While this work constitutes the most complete list of mosquito species collected in Bangladesh, further work is needed to refine this list and understand the distributions of those species within the country. Improved morphological and molecular methods of identification will allow the refinement of this list in years to come. Keywords: Species list, Mosquitoes, Bangladesh, Culicidae Background separation of Pakistan and India in 1947, Aslamkhan [11] Several diseases in Bangladesh are caused by mosquito- published checklists for mosquito species, indicating which borne pathogens. Malaria remains an important cause of were found in East Pakistan (Bangladesh). -
Deciphering the Virome of Culex Vishnui Subgroup Mosquitoes, the Major Vectors of Japanese Encephalitis, in Japan
viruses Article Deciphering the Virome of Culex vishnui Subgroup Mosquitoes, the Major Vectors of Japanese Encephalitis, in Japan Astri Nur Faizah 1,2 , Daisuke Kobayashi 2,3, Haruhiko Isawa 2,*, Michael Amoa-Bosompem 2,4, Katsunori Murota 2,5, Yukiko Higa 2, Kyoko Futami 6, Satoshi Shimada 7, Kyeong Soon Kim 8, Kentaro Itokawa 9, Mamoru Watanabe 2, Yoshio Tsuda 2, Noboru Minakawa 6, Kozue Miura 1, Kazuhiro Hirayama 1,* and Kyoko Sawabe 2 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; [email protected] (A.N.F.); [email protected] (K.M.) 2 Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; [email protected] (D.K.); [email protected] (M.A.-B.); k.murota@affrc.go.jp (K.M.); [email protected] (Y.H.); [email protected] (M.W.); [email protected] (Y.T.); [email protected] (K.S.) 3 Department of Research Promotion, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 20F Yomiuri Shimbun Bldg. 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan 4 Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan 5 Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan 6 Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; [email protected] -
Biting Behavior of Malaysian Mosquitoes, Aedes Albopictus
Asian Biomedicine Vol. 8 No. 3 June 2014; 315 - 321 DOI: 10.5372/1905-7415.0803.295 Original article Biting behavior of Malaysian mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus Skuse, Armigeres kesseli Ramalingam, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and Culex vishnui Theobald obtained from urban residential areas in Kuala Lumpur Chee Dhang Chena, Han Lim Leeb, Koon Weng Laua, Abdul Ghani Abdullahb, Swee Beng Tanb, Ibrahim Sa’diyahb, Yusoff Norma-Rashida, Pei Fen Oha, Chi Kian Chanb, Mohd Sofian-Aziruna aInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, bMedical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Center for Vectors, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia Background: There are several species of mosquitoes that readily attack people, and some are capable of transmitting microbial organisms that cause human diseases including dengue, malaria, and Japanese encephalitis. The mosquitoes of major concern in Malaysia belong to the genera Culex, Aedes, and Armigeres. Objective: To study the host-seeking behavior of four Malaysian mosquitoes commonly found in urban residential areas in Kuala Lumpur. Methods: The host-seeking behavior of Aedes albopictus, Armigeres kesseli, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Culex vishnui was conducted in four urban residential areas in Fletcher Road, Kampung Baru, Taman Melati, and University of Malaya student hostel. The mosquito biting frequency was determined by using a bare leg catch (BLC) technique throughout the day (24 hours). The study was triplicated for each site. Results: Biting activity of Ae. albopictus in urban residential areas in Kuala Lumpur was detected throughout the day, but the biting peaked between 0600–0900 and 1500–2000, and had low biting activity from late night until the next morning (2000–0500) with biting rate ≤1 mosquito/man/hour. -
Rift Valley Fever - a Threat for Europe?
Review articles Rift Valley fever - a threat for Europe? V Chevalier ([email protected])1, M Pépin2, L Plée3, R Lancelot4 1. Centre International de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD, International Centre of Agricultural Research for Development), Unit for animal and integrated risk management (UR AGIRs), Montpellier, France 2. Agence française pour la sécurité sanitaire des aliments (AFSSA, French Agency for Food Safety), Lyon, France 3. Agence française pour la sécurité sanitaire des aliments (AFSSA, French Agency for Food Safety), Unit for the evaluation of risks associated with food and animal health, Maisons-Alfort, France 4. Centre International de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD, International Centre of Agricultural Research for Development), Unit for the control of exotic and emerging animal diseases (UMR CMAEE), Montpellier, France Citation style for this article: Citation style for this article: Chevalier V, Pépin M, Plée L, Lancelot R. Rift Valley fever - a threat for Europe?. Euro Surveill. 2010;15(10):pii=19506. Available online: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19506 This article has been published on 11 March 2010 Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a severe mosquito-borne [4]. It is likely that the number of cases was underre- disease affecting humans and domestic ruminants, ported because RVF mostly affects rural populations caused by a Phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae). It is wide- living far from public health facilities. The occurrence spread in Africa and has recently spread to Yemen of RVF in northern Egypt is evidence that RVF may occur and Saudi Arabia. RVF epidemics are more and more in Mediterranean countries, thus directly threatening frequent in Africa and the Middle East, probably in Europe. -
High Diversity of Mosquito Vectors in Cambodian Primary Schools And
High diversity of mosquito vectors in Cambodian primary schools and consequences for arbovirus transmission Sebastien Boyer, Sebastien Marcombe, Sony Yean, Didier Fontenille To cite this version: Sebastien Boyer, Sebastien Marcombe, Sony Yean, Didier Fontenille. High diversity of mosquito vectors in Cambodian primary schools and consequences for arbovirus transmission. PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2020, 15 (6), pp.e0233669. 10.1371/journal.pone.0233669. hal-03053997 HAL Id: hal-03053997 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03053997 Submitted on 11 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License PLOS ONE RESEARCH ARTICLE High diversity of mosquito vectors in Cambodian primary schools and consequences for arbovirus transmission 1 2 1 1 Sebastien BoyerID *, Sebastien Marcombe , Sony Yean , Didier Fontenille 1 Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Boulevard Monivong, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 2 Medical Entomology Unit, Ministry of Health, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 Only few data exist in Cambodia on mosquito diversity and their potential role as vectors. Many arboviruses, such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis, are endemic and mostly affect children in the country. -
Culex Tritaeniorhynchus: an Assessment of Its Taxonomic Status
J Vector Borne Dis 52, March 2015, pp. 40–51 Morphological and molecular characterization of the ecological, biological and behavioural variants of the JE vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus: An assessment of its taxonomic status A.R. Rajavel, N. Pradeep Kumar, R. Natarajan, P. Vanamail, A. Rathinakumar & P. Jambulingam Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Indira Nagar, Puducherry, India ABSTRACT Background & objectives: Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae), an important vector of Japanese encephalitis belongs to the Culex vishnui subgroup which includes two other vector species namely, Cx. vishnui and Cx. pseudovishnui. Many varieties and types of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus have been reported, besides populations that exhibit behavioural and biological differences. This study was undertaken to find out whether Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations exhibiting behavioural and biological variations, and those from different geographical areas, are comprised of more than one taxon or belong to a single taxon. Methods: Morphological characterization was done by examining 153 morphological and morphometric characters in the larval (75), pupal (60) and adult stages (18) of five geographical populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Molecular characterization was done by PCR amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COI) gene sequences (DNA barcodes) and another hypervariable genetic marker, the ribosomal DNA (16S). One-way ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant factor analysis (DFA) were done for statistical analyses using the statistical package SPSS IBM version 19.0. Results: Morphological characterization showed that no intraspecific differentiation can be made among the five geographical populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Molecular characterization done by DNA barcoding also showed that the COI sequences of all the five populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus grouped into a single taxonomic clade plus the genetic differentiation among these was non-significant and the overall gene flow among the populations was very high. -
BCIL Vector Biology PDF.Pdf
Vector Biology and Control An Update for Malaria Elimination Initiative in India Edited by Vas Dev M.Sc. (Hons.), Ph.D (Notre Dame), FNASc The National Academy of Sciences, India 2020 Vector Biology and Control: An Update for Malaria Elimination Initiative in India Edited by Vas Dev Contributors Sylvie Manguin, Vas Dev, Surya Kant Sharma, Rajpal Singh Yadav, Kamaraju Raghavendra, Poonam Sharma Velamuri, Vaishali Verma, Sreehari Uragayala, Susanta Kumar Ghosh, Khageswar Pradhan, Vijay Veer, Varun Tyagi, Manoj Kumar Das, Pradyumna Kishore Mohapatra, Ashwani Kumar, K. Hari Krishan Raju, Anupkumar Anvikar, Chazhoor John Babu, Virendra Kumar Dua, Tapan Kumar Barik, Usha Rani Acharya, Debojit Kumar Sarma, Dibya Ranjan Bhattacharyya, Anil Prakash, Nilanju Pran Sarmah Copyright © 2020 NASI Individual chapters of this book are open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0) which permits users download, build upon published article, distribution, reproduction in any medium so long as the author(s) and publisher are properly credited. The author(s) have the right to reproduce their contribution in toto or part thereof for wider dissemination provided they explicitly identify the original source. All rights to the book are reserved by the National Academy of Sciences (NASI), India. The book as a whole (compilation) cannot be reproduced, distributed, or used for commercial purposes without NASI written permission. Enquiries concerning the use of the book be directed to NASI ([email protected]). Violations are liable to be prosecution under the governing Copyright law. Notice Statement and opinions expressed in the chapter are those of the contributor(s) and not necessarily those of the Editor or Publisher or the Organization. -
TRIP REPORT Richard F. Darsie, Jr., Ph.D. and Shreedhar P. Pradhan
Vector Biology & Control Proiect Telex 248812 (MSCi UR) 1611 North Kent Street, Suite 503 Cable MSCI Washington, D.C. Arlington, Virginia 22209 (703) 527-6500 & VECTOR BIOLOGY & CONTROL TRIP REPORT A VISIT TZ- USAID/NEPAL TO STUDY AND IDENTIFY CULICINE FAUNA NOVEMBER 1'i - DECEMBER 27, 1987 by Richard F. Darsie, Jr., Ph.D. and Shreedhar P. Pradhan, H.F.P. AR-061 Managed by Medical Service Corporation International under contract to the US. Ager.cy for International Development Authors Richard F. Darsie, Jr., Ph.D., is a Research Entomologist at The International Center for Public Health Research, University of South Carolina, McClellanville, South Carolina. Shreedhar P. Pradhan, H.F.P., is a Long-Term Malaria Advisor for USAID/Kathmandu. Acknowledgements Preparation of this document was sponsored by the Vector Biology & Control Project under Contract No. DPE-5948-C-00-5044 00 to Medical Service Corporation International, Arlington, Virginia, U.S.A., for the Agency for International Development, Office of Health, Bureau of Science and Technology. The authors are indebted to Dr. David Calder for his foresight in fostering the study and his encouragement, to Dr. K.M. Dixit, Chief, NMEO, and R.G. Baidya, Chief, Entomology Section, NMEO, for assigning the entomological team, K. Kadaka, H.P. Poudyal and N.P. Shrestha, for their assistance and diligence in searching for mosquitoes; to P. Xarna and A. Singh for providing accommodations for the study; to N.K. Gurung for assistance in the use of the piggeries, and to M. Chamlin for logistical support. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. -
Culex (Culex) Tritaeniorhynchus Giles
Culex (Culex) tritaeniorhynchus Giles NZ Status: Not Present œ NSP W atchlist Vector and Pest Status Culex tritaeniorhynchus is a vector of Japanese encephalitis (Bram, 1967). A Yunnan orbivirus has also been isolated from this species in China (Attoui et al., 2005). Isolates of Getah, Sindbis, Tembusu and dengue virus have also been found in this species (Lee et al., 1989). Geographic Distribution This species is widely distributed throughout the Oriental region, extending into the Middle east, the Mediterranean and Afrotropical region, China, Russia, Japan, Korea, Micronesia and Indonesia (Lee et al., 1989). It is also found in Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Egypt, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Maldive Islands, Mozambique, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Turkey and Turkmenistan (www.wrbu.org). Version 1. 16 May 2007 © 2006 M . Disbury SM S-NZB www.smsl.co.nz This map denotes only the country or general areas where this species has been recorded, not actual distribution. Incursions and Interceptions This species has not been intercepted in New Zealand. Taxonomy Culex tritaeniorhynchus is part of the Culex vishnui subgroup, which also includes, Cx. pseudovishnui Colless and Cx. vishnui Theobald (Toma et al., 2000). Habits and Habitat Larvae are found breeding in many temporary, semi-permanent and permanent ground water habitats such as rice paddies, streams, swamps, shallow marshes, low- salinity tidal marshes, ponds, wells, ditches, puddles containing fresh or slightly polluted water (Lee et al., 1989). Larvae have also been collected in pools near stream margins or along margins of slow-moving streams (Lee et al., 1989).