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Canadian Cancer Statistics 2019 Canadian Cancer Statistics 2019 Produced by the Canadian Cancer Society, Statistics Canada, the Public Health Agency of Canada, in collaboration with the provincial and territorial cancer registries cancer.ca/statistics Citation Material appearing in this publication may be reproduced or copied without permission. The following citation is recommended: Canadian Cancer Statistics Advisory Committee. Canadian Cancer Statistics 2019. Toronto, ON: Canadian Cancer Society; 2019. Available at: cancer.ca/Canadian-Cancer-Statistics-2019-EN (accessed [date]). September 2019 ISSN 0835-2976 This publication is available in English and French on the Canadian Cancer Society’s website at cancer.ca/statistics. Visit the website for the most up-to-date version of this publication and additional resources, such as figures from the chapters and an archive of previous editions. The development of this publication over the years has benefited considerably from the comments and suggestions of readers. The Canadian Cancer Statistics Advisory Committee appreciates and welcomes such comments. To offer ideas on how the publication can be improved or to be notified about future publications, complete the evaluation form or email [email protected]. Canadian Cancer Society • Canadian Cancer Statistics 2019 2 Members of the Canadian Cancer Statistics Advisory Committee Leah Smith, PhD (Co-chair) Analytic leads Canadian Cancer Society, St. John’s, Alain Demers, PhD Newfoundland and Labrador Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Ryan Woods, PhD (Co-chair) Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario Population Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Larry Ellison, MSc British Columbia Centre for Population Health Data, Statistics Darren Brenner, PhD Canada, Ottawa, Ontario Departments of Oncology and Community Health Project management Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Monika Dixon Shirley Bryan, PhD Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Ontario Centre for Population Health Data, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario Acknowledgments Cheryl Louzado, MSc, MHSc The following individuals are acknowledged Data Integration and Linkage, Canadian for their assistance in the development of this Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ontario publication: Amanda Shaw, MSc Jean-Michel Billette, Statistics Canada Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Jennifer Chadder, Canadian Partnership Against Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario Cancer Donna Turner, PhD Rami Rahal, Canadian Partnership Against Cancer CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Megan Striha, Statistics Canada Tracy Torchetti, Canadian Cancer Society Hannah K. Weir, PhD Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Dianne Zakaria, Public Health Agency of Canada Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia Canadian Cancer Society • Canadian Cancer Statistics 2019 3 Table of Contents Executive summary Chapter 2 Notable new statistics . 7 How many people die from cancer in Canada? About this publication Mortality by sex, age, geography and year Purpose and intended audience . 8 Key findings . 33 What is new or noteworthy? . 9 Probability of dying from cancer . 34 Estimated cancer deaths in 2019 . 34 Chapter 1 Mortality by sex . 35 How many people get cancer in Canada? Incidence by sex, age, geography and year Mortality by age . 36 38 Key findings . 10 Mortality by geographic region . 39 Probability of developing cancer . 11 Mortality over time . 44 Estimated new cancer cases in 2019 . 11 What do these statistics mean? . Incidence by sex . 12 Chapter 3 Incidence by age . 13 What is the probability of surviving cancer in Incidence by geographic region . 15 Canada? Net survival by sex, age, geography Incidence over time . 16 and year What do these statistics mean? . 21 Key findings . 54 Five- and 10-year net survival . 55 Survival by sex . 56 Survival by age . 56 Survival by geographic region . 57 Survival over time . 57 Conditional net survival . 58 What do these statistics mean? . 58 Canadian Cancer Society • Canadian Cancer Statistics 2019 4 Table of Contents Chapter 4 APPENDIX I Cancer in Context: The cancer burden in Canada Related resources Cancer is the leading cause of death Additional cancer surveillance statistics . 73 in Canada . 65 Chronic disease surveillance . 74 Cancer is a complex disease . 67 Childhood cancer surveillance . 74 Cancer outcomes in Canada are among Cancer system performance . 74 the best in the world . 67 Cancer prevention . 74 Cancer has a substantial economic burden International cancer surveillance . 74 on Canadians and Canadian society . 67 Progress has been made but the APPENDIX II challenge continues . 68 Data sources and methods How these statistics can help guide Summary . 76 70 cancer control . Data sources . 76 Methods . 78 Data and methods issues . 83 Abbreviations . 89 Index of tables and figures . 90 Contact us . 92 Canadian Cancer Society • Canadian Cancer Statistics 2019 5 Executive summary Canadian Cancer Statistics is a publication that provides comprehensive, up-to-date estimates of the cancer burden in Canada. Cancer is the It is estimated that about 1 in 2 Canadians will develop cancer in their lifetime, and about # 1 in 2 1 in 4 Canadians will die of cancer. In 2019 alone, 1 Canadians will it is estimated that 220,400 Canadians will be cause of death develop cancer in diagnosed with cancer and 82,100 will die from in Canada their lifetime the disease. Lung and bronchus (lung), breast, colorectal and prostate cancers account for almost half of all new cancer cases diagnosed. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, responsible for more cancer deaths among Canadians than the 220,400 other three major cancer types combined. Despite Canadians will be diagnosed this large impact, there has been a substantial with cancer in 2019 drop in the lung cancer death rate in males over the past 30 years, which has contributed to a Five-year cancer 82,100 decline in the death rate in males for all cancers survival is about Canadians combined. This publication shows that lung % will die of cancer cancer death rates in females have also recently 63 in 2019 started to decrease. As a result of the progress made with lung and other cancers, cancer death rates have decreased more than 35% in males and 20% in females since their peak in 1988. 1 in 4 Cancer survival has also increased. In the early Canadians will die 1990s, five-year net survival was only 55%, but from cancer current estimates show that it has reached 63%. Survival varies widely by the type of cancer. Some cancers have very high five-year net survival, including thyroid cancer (98%) and testicular cancer (97%). Other cancers have Canadian Cancer Society • Canadian Cancer Statistics 2019 6 Executive Summary consistently low five-year net survival, such treatment on cancer outcomes. Moreover, these Reference as esophageal cancer (15%) and pancreatic statistics can be used to prioritize services to 1. Statistics Canada [Internet]. Table 13-10-0394-01. Leading causes of death, total cancer (8%). help Canadians and their families who have been population by age group. Available at: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv. action?pid=1310039401 (accessed March 2019). affected by cancer and who may need support Cancer strikes males and females, young and old, after their treatment has ended. and those in different regions across Canada on a decidedly uneven basis. For example: We hope that our readers think critically about • Males are more likely to be diagnosed with what these numbers mean and how they can be used to reduce cancer incidence, improve survival cancer than females, and females are more and develop better overall care for those dealing likely to survive cancer than males. with cancer in Canada. • About 90% of cancer diagnoses occur among Canadians who are at least 50 years of age, but its impact at a younger age can be particularly Notable new statistics devastating. In 2016, cancer was the leading Compared with the last full Canadian Cancer cause of disease-related death in children under Statistics publication in 2017, several new the age of 15 years.(1) patterns have emerged. Notably: • Across Canada, cancer incidence and death • Lung cancer incidence and death rates in rates are generally higher in the east than females are now decreasing. in the west. • Female breast cancer death rates have decreased an estimated 48% since they Measures of the cancer burden in Canada are peaked in 1986. vital for developing and evaluating health policy, helping decision-makers assess the type and • Pancreatic cancer is expected to be the third amount of health resources needed and informing leading cause of cancer death in Canada in health research priorities. This information is also 2019, surpassing breast cancer. essential for informing and evaluating primary • Some of the biggest increases in survival since and secondary cancer prevention activities and the early 1990s were for blood-related cancers. assessing the impact of early detection and cancer Canadian Cancer Society • Canadian Cancer Statistics 2019 7 About this publication Canadian Cancer Statistics 2019 is the most recent Box 1 How these statistics can be used in a series of publications that began in 1987 to describe the burden of cancer in Canada. It Cancer cases (incidence): Useful for Age-standardized mortality rates was developed through a partnership between determining the amount of diagnosis, (ASMR): Facilitate comparisons across the Canadian Cancer Society, the Public Health treatment and
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