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Year Achievements in the past and 3 their impacts Ancient Egypt on our lives Key learning To understand the magnitude To research the Egyptian To understand the Egyptian’s To use evidence to To research and describe who To describe the end of the of the pyramids of Giza. Gods and describe their dependence on the Nile understand the importance Tutankhamun was. Egyptian civilisation and the impact on daily life in Ancient for crops, trade and of farming and the impact of role of Alexander the Great. Egypt. interdependence. droughts on civilisation. Key Vocabulary Key People Key Knowledge - Something that lived or Ancient Tutankhamun Key Places happened in the very distant past and The Pyramids of Giza Tutankhamun was an ancient Egyptian does not exist today. The Great pyramid of Giza was built as a tomb for pharaoh. He restored the ancient Egyptian the pharaoh Khufu and once held all the treasures Pyramids of Giza religion. His tomb was discovered by that Khufu would take with him to the afterlife. It Interdependence - The way Howard Carter in 1922. Inside his tomb, was built in 2560BC, and was 481 feet tall. in which two or more things depend on there was over 3000 treasures meant for each other. Tutankhamun to take with him into the Egyptian Gods afterlife. There are over 2000 deities in Ancient Egypt, but - A way of buying and selling some are more well known; Amun-Ra, Mut, Osiris, Trade Anubis, Ra, Horus, Thoth, Hathor, Sekhmet and Alexander the Great goods. Geb. Ancient Egyptians had to obey their gods He conquered Egypt and made Alexandria because after their death, the gods would judge Irrigation - The artificial supply of the capital. them according to how well their commands were water to agricultural land. obeyed. Cleopatra Civilisation - The stage of human Cleopatra was the queen of Egypt. She The River Nile was the last pharaoh set up by Alexander Many Ancient Egyptians chose to settle in the River Nile and social development that is considered the Great. She reigned for 21 years, until land surrounding the River Nile, as crops could be most advanced. her death in 30BC. After her death, Egypt grown here. Every year, the Nile floods, fertilising became part of the Roman Empire. the soil to allow food to grow. The Nile was also Droughts - A period of continuous important for fishing, and for travel along the country for trade. dry whether, when an area gets less than Imhotep its normal amount of rain over months or Imhotep was the architect who designed Farming even years. the first pyramid – the step pyramid at Egyptians grew their crops along the banks of the the necropolis Saggarah in the city of River Nile. They split their year into three seasons; Pharaoh - a ruler in ancient Egypt. Memphis. Akhet, Peret and Shemu..

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The Valley of the Kings Is Located on the Western Bank of the Nile, Near the Ancient City of Thebes (Now Luxor)
The The Valley of the Kings by Alana Where is the Valley of the Kings? The Valley of the Kings is located on the Western bank of the Nile, near the ancient city of Thebes (now Luxor). The map shows the location of The Valley of the Kings The valley of the kings is the burial ground for many Egyptian Pharaohs. Who else was buried here? The first Pharaoh to be buried in the Valley of the Kings was Tuthmosis I. Over the next 500 years many more Pharaohs were buried here including many of the Rameses (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X), Hatshepsut, Amenhotep I, and Tutankhamun. When did Queen Hatshepsut reign? Queen Hatshepsut reigned from 1472-1458 B.C. Queen Hatshepsut Tutankhamun Biography of Howard Carter Howard Carter was born on 9th May 1874 in Kensington, London. When he was 17 years old, Carter worked in Egypt as an archaeological artist. He Burial Mask produced drawings and diagrams of important Tutankhamun’s Tomb Ancient Egyptian finds and sites for the Egypt Tutankhamun was more commonly known as King Tut. Exploration Fund. In 1907, Lord Carnarvon He was born Tutankhaten in 1341BC. He was the son of hired Howard Carter to lead an excavation of an Pharaoh Arkenaten. Tut was made Pharaoh at the age of Ancient Egyptian tomb. On 4th November 1922, a 9, after his father’s death. Tut changed back some of the laws his father had stone step was discovered in the sand. passed and changed his name to Tutankhamun. This led to the tomb of Tutankhamun.
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Solar Eclipses in the Outlook of the Slavs
ics & Ae ys ro h sp p a o r c t e s T A e Prokofyev, J Astrophys Aerospace Technol 2014, 2:2 f c h o Journal of Astrophysics & n l o a DOI: 10.4172/2329-6542.1000107 l n o r g u y o J Aerospace Technology ISSN: 2329-6542 Research Article Open Access Solar Eclipses in the Outlook of the Slavs Prokofyev A* KITION Planetarium & Observatory, Kiti, Larnaca, Cyprus *Corresponding author: Alexandr Prokofyev, KITION Planetarium & Observatory, Ammochostou 9, Kiti, 7550, Larnaca, Cyprus. Tel: +357 99037440; E-mail: [email protected] Rec date: Jul 1, 2014, Acc date: Jul 26, 2014, Pub date: Aug 15, 2014 Copyright: © 2014 Prokofyev A. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract The article provides an overview of descriptions of total solar eclipses in different literature forms, rites and toponyms of Slavs. It is shown that the solar eclipse had a prominent role in the worldview of the tribes. Explanations of some terms of Slavic outlook are given with suggestions for the correct terminology. A program for further investigation in Slavic and other people’s culture is proposed. Keywords: Total solar eclipse; Archeoastronomy; Mythology; Slavs; Character 'Akhet' (Figure 2) should be translated as 'eclipse' instead of Akhet; Myth of creation of the world; Myth of end of the world; 'horizon'. Then the next well-known text obtains a simple explanation. Dragon slayer; Tales During the advance of the eclipse (former translation: after sunset at the horizon) Ra joins the fight against the forces of darkness, Introduction crocodiles, snakes and so on.
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Tutankhamun's Dentition: the Pharaoh and His Teeth
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Key Vocabulary Pyramids Giza Pharaoh Cleopatra Tutankhamun
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Egyptian Religion a Handbook
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1 Who was Who at Amarna Akhenaten’s predecessors Amenhotep III: Akhenaten’s father, who ruled for nearly 40 years during the peak of Egypt’s New Kingdom empire. One of ancient Egypt’s most prolific builders, he is also known for his interest in the solar cult and promotion of divine kingship. He was buried in WV22 at Thebes, his mummy later cached with other royal mummies in the Tomb of Amenhotep II (KV 35) in the Valley of the Kings. Tiye: Amenhotep III’s chief wife and the mother of Akhenaten. Her parents Yuya and Tjuyu were from the region of modern Akhmim in Egypt’s south. She may have lived out her later years at Akhetaten and died in the 14th year of Akhenaten’s reign. Funerary equipment found in the Amarna Royal Tomb suggests she was originally buried there, although her mummy was later moved to Luxor and is perhaps to be identified as the ‘elder lady’ from the KV35 cache. Akhenaten and his family Akhenaten: Son and successor of Amenhotep III, known for his belief in a single solar god, the Aten. He spent most of his reign at Akhetaten (modern Amarna), the sacred city he created for the Aten. Akhenaten died of causes now unknown in the 17th year of his reign and was buried in the Amarna Royal Tomb. His body was probably relocated to Thebes and may be the enigmatic mummy recovered in the early 20th century in tomb KV55 in the Valley of the Kings. Nefertiti: Akhenaten’s principal queen. Little is known of her background, although she may also have come from Akhmim.
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Tutankhamun and Ramses II
Tutankhamun and Ramses II Tutankhamun and Ramses II were two of the greatest pharaohs of the New Kingdom; they built magnificent monuments, temples, and tombs. Figure 1: Tutankhamun and Ramses II were two of the greatest pharaohs of the New Kingdom; they built magnificent monuments, temples, and tombs Tutankhamun’s burial chamber contained beautiful works of art, text and hieroglyphics. Popularly referred to as “King Tut,” Tutankhamun was a boy-king of the 18th dynasty who ruled from around 1332 BC – 1323 BC. As part of his religious restoration of the god Amun, Tutankhamun initiated the building of many monuments and temples dedicated to Amun at Thebes and Karnak. Tutankhamun’s tomb in the Valley of the Kings was discovered almost completely intact, making it the most complete ancient Egyptian royal tomb ever found. Relics from his tomb are among the most traveled artifacts in the world. Ramses II, a pharaoh of the 19th dynasty, is often regarded as the greatest pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire and is known for his construction of cities, temples and monuments. Using art as a means of self-promotion, Ramses erected colossal statues of himself and illustrated his victories over foreigners on numerous temple reliefs. Among his most famous works are the capital city of Pi-Ramesses which was built at his command; the archaeological complex of Abu Simbel; and his mortuary temple known as the Ramesseum. Note: A relief is a type of artwork in which shapes or figures protrude from a flat background. Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behavior of large numbers of people.
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JARCE Article Silvia Zago 2Nd Revision Latest Version
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Liverpool Repository 1 Imagining the beyond – The conceptualization of Duat between the Old and the Middle Kingdom Silvia Zago, University of Toronto Abstract: This paper focuses on the evolution of the conceptualization of the notion of Duat in the Old and Middle Kingdom funerary texts. This notion is already attested in the Pyramid Texts, which provide only ambiguous references to it, which seemingly identify the Duat both with (part of) the sky and with a liminal domain located presumably somewhere between earth and horizon, and endowed with regenerative power. Towards the end of the Old Kingdom, with the emergence of the Coffin Texts, the depiction of the cosmos appears slightly altered. A better-defined universe is now sketched in the spells: contrasted with the earth and the diurnal sky stands the Duat, which is to some extent described as including both (nether)sky and netherworld. This paper aims to trace the process of development of the concept of Duat within the broader frame of the ancient Egyptian afterlife beliefs attested in the Pyramid and Coffin Texts. Moreover, a brief analysis of a particular category of funerary items popular during that period shows that the evolution in the conceptualization of the afterlife found in funerary texts underlies changes in material culture as well. The notion of Duat is a major component of the ancient Egyptian afterlife belief system, as it refers to the realm of the dead.1 Yet, scholars do not agree on a proper definition of what the Egyptians meant as Duat.2 The term is mostly translated as “underworld” or “netherworld,” but a portrayal of the Duat as such is found only in the funerary compositions preserved in the New Kingdom royal tombs.
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WHO WAS WHO AMONG the ROYAL MUMMIES by Edward F
THE oi.uchicago.edu ORIENTAL INSTITUTE NEWS & NOTES NO. 144 WINTER 1995 ©THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO WHO WAS WHO AMONG THE ROYAL MUMMIES By Edward F. Wente, Professor, The Oriental Institute and the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations The University of Chicago had an early association with the mummies. With the exception of the mummy of Thutmose IV, royal mummies, albeit an indirect one. On the Midway in the which a certain Dr. Khayat x-rayed in 1903, and the mummy area in front of where Rockefeller Chapel now stands there of Amenhotep I, x-rayed by Dr. Douglas Derry in the 1930s, was an exhibit of the 1893 World Columbian Exposition known none of the other royal mummies had ever been radiographed as "A Street in Cairo." To lure visitors into the pavilion a plac until Dr. James E. Harris, Chairman of the Department of Orth ard placed at the entrance displayed an over life-sized odontics at the University of Michigan, and his team from the photograph of the "Mummy of Rameses II, the Oppressor of University of Michigan and Alexandria University began x the Israelites." Elsewhere on the exterior of the building were raying the royal mummies in the Cairo Museum in 1967. The the words "Royal Mummies Found Lately in Egypt," giving inadequacy of Smith's approach in determining age at death the impression that the visitor had already been hinted at by would be seeing the genuine Smith in his catalogue, where mummies, which only twelve he indicated that the x-ray of years earlier had been re Thutmose IV suggested that moved by Egyptologists from a this king's age at death might cache in the desert escarpment have been older than his pre of Deir el-Bahri in western vious visual examination of the Thebes.
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Knowledge Organiser for Year 3/4 (History)
Knowledge Organiser for Year 3/4 (History) Key idea: ANCIENT EGYPT Tier 3 Vocabulary KNOWLEDGE ITEM 1 – Where is Egypt? Canopic Jars Special jars that held the organs of a mummy including the lungs, intestines, liver and stomach Egyptologist An archaeologist who focuses on Ancient Egypt. Mummification The process of preserving a body after death in preparation for the afterlife. Papyrus A plant that grew on the banks of the Nile. It was used as an early version of paper. Pharaoh The supreme ruler of all of Ancient Egypt. Sarcophagus A large stone box that held a mummy’s coffin, often richly decorated for Pharaohs. Pyramids Ancient pyramid shaped stone structures built as tombs for the Pharaohs. Afterlife The place Egyptians believed they would go after they died. Tier 2 Vocabulary KNOWLEDGE ITEM 2 – Language and Communication Dynasty The Ancient Egyptians used picture A period of rule when a series of leaders all come words and symbols to write. These are from the same family. called hieroglyphics. It is a very old form Tomb of writing that started being used as A large vault, typically an underground one, for early as 3500 BC. burying the dead. Irrigation Cartouche The supply of water to land or crops to help them An oval carved tablet engraved with a royal name in grow. hieroglyphics. KEY DATES (approximate) 7500 BC – First settlers in Nile valley 3500 BC – First use of hieroglyphics 2550 BC – Pyramids at Giza built Rosetta Stone 1336 BC – Tutankhamun becomes pharaoh The Rosetta Stone is a broken part of a 332 BC – Alexander the Great conquers Egypt bigger stone slab.
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The Story of Sinuhe
The Story of Sinuhe AOS jr.j-pa.t HA.tj-a xtm.tj-bj.tj recto jr-j=pa.t HA-tj=a xtm:t-j=bj:t-j hereditary_noble(M.SG) count(M.SG) seal-ADJZ-M.SG=bee-ADJZ-M.SG Hereditary noble, count, sealer of the king of Lower Egypt smr-wa.tj sAb aD-mr smr=wa-t-j sAb aD=mr friend(M.SG)=one-ADJZ-M.SG judiciary_official(M.SG) administrator_of_district(M.SG) and sole friend (of the king), judiciary official and administrator of district, jt.y anx wDA snb jt-y= anx wDA snb ruler-M.SG= live\PDA[M.SG] be whole\PDA(M.SG) be healthy\PDA(M.SG) ruler, LPH, tA.w sT.tjw rx-nswt mAa mry=f tA-w= sT:t-j-w rx=nswt mAa mry-f land-M.PL= Asia:F.SG-ADJZ-PL know\REL(M.SG)=KOULE true(M.SG) love\REL-3.SGM of the land of Asians, true acquaintance of the king, his beloved, Sms.w zA-nh.t Dd=f jnk Sms.w Sms-w zA=nh:t Dd-f jnk Sms-w follow\PDA-M.SG son(M.SG)=sycamore:F.SG say\IPFV-3SG.M 1SG follow\PDA-M.SG (his) follower, Sinuhet. He says: I was follower Sms nb=f bAk n ns.t nswt Sms nb-f bAk n= ns:t= nswt PDA(M.SG) lord-3SG.M servant(M.SG) GEN= throne:F.SG= king(M.SG) who follows his lord, servant of the king's throne of jrj.t-pa.t wr.t Hzw.t Hm.t nswt jrj.t=pa.t wr:t Hzw:t Hm:t= nswt hereditary_noble(F.SG) great:F.SG praise:F.SG woman:F.SG= king(M.SG) of noble lady, great of praise, wife of king zj-n-wsr.t mAa-xrw m Xnm.t-s.wt zj=n=wsr:t mAa=xrw m= Xnm:t=s-w:t man=GEN=powerful:F.SG true(M.SG)=voice(M.SG) INESS=unite\PD:F.SG=place-PL:F Senusret, justified in Khenemetsut zA.t nswt jmn-m-HA.t mAa-xrw zA:t= nswt jmn=m=HA:t mAa=xrw daughter:F.SG= king(M.SG) Amun=INESS=forepart:F.SG true(M.SG)=voice(M.SG) and daughter of king Amenemhat, justified, The Story of Sinuhe m qA-nfr.w nfr.w nb.t jmAx m= qA=nfr-w nfr-w nb:t= jmAx INESS= be_high=beauty-M.SG beauty-M.PL lady:F.SG= reverence(M.SG) in Qaneferu, Neferu, lady of reverence.
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