Structured Investments — TS-1 Return Notes Linked to the J.P
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Shadow Banking
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports Shadow Banking Zoltan Pozsar Tobias Adrian Adam Ashcraft Hayley Boesky Staff Report No. 458 July 2010 Revised February 2012 FRBNY Staff REPORTS This paper presents preliminary findings and is being distributed to economists and other interested readers solely to stimulate discussion and elicit comments. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and are not necessar- ily reflective of views at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the authors. Shadow Banking Zoltan Pozsar, Tobias Adrian, Adam Ashcraft, and Hayley Boesky Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports, no. 458 July 2010: revised February 2012 JEL classification: G20, G28, G01 Abstract The rapid growth of the market-based financial system since the mid-1980s changed the nature of financial intermediation. Within the market-based financial system, “shadow banks” have served a critical role. Shadow banks are financial intermediaries that con- duct maturity, credit, and liquidity transformation without explicit access to central bank liquidity or public sector credit guarantees. Examples of shadow banks include finance companies, asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) conduits, structured investment vehicles (SIVs), credit hedge funds, money market mutual funds, securities lenders, limited-purpose finance companies (LPFCs), and the government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs). Our paper documents the institutional features of shadow banks, discusses their economic roles, and analyzes their relation to the traditional banking system. Our de- scription and taxonomy of shadow bank entities and shadow bank activities are accom- panied by “shadow banking maps” that schematically represent the funding flows of the shadow banking system. -
Users/Robertjfrey/Documents/Work
AMS 511.01 - Foundations Class 11A Robert J. Frey Research Professor Stony Brook University, Applied Mathematics and Statistics [email protected] http://www.ams.sunysb.edu/~frey/ In this lecture we will cover the pricing and use of derivative securities, covering Chapters 10 and 12 in Luenberger’s text. April, 2007 1. The Binomial Option Pricing Model 1.1 – General Single Step Solution The geometric binomial model has many advantages. First, over a reasonable number of steps it represents a surprisingly realistic model of price dynamics. Second, the state price equations at each step can be expressed in a form indpendent of S(t) and those equations are simple enough to solve in closed form. 1+r D-1 u 1 1 + r D 1 + r D y y ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ = u fl u = 1+r D u-1 u 1+r-u 1 u 1 u yd yd ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ1+r D ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ1 uêÅÅÅÅ-ÅÅÅÅu ÅÅ H L H ê L i y As we will see shortlyH weL Hwill solveL the general problemj by solving a zsequence of single step problems on the lattice. That K O K O K O K O j H L H ê L z sequence solutions can be efficientlyê computed because wej only have to zsolve for the state prices once. k { 1.2 – Valuing an Option with One Period to Expiration Let the current value of a stock be S(t) = 105 and let there be a call option with unknown price C(t) on the stock with a strike price of 100 that expires the next three month period. -
Credit Derivatives in Managing Off Balance Sheet Risks by Banks
City University Business School MSc in Finance 2001 Credit Derivatives in Managing Off Balance Sheet Risks by Banks Submitted by Murat Cakir Supervisor: Giorgio S. Questa This project is submitted as part of the requirements for the award of the MSc in Finance. July 2001 ABSTRACT Credit risk has been a worrying type of risk for financial managers. Fortunately, a recent market development –credit derivatives- has made the credit risk more manageable. The loan portfolio management has become more practicable than it used to be in the past. However, credit derivatives are still not well examined. There are uncertainties about and difficulties in the pricing and portfolio management of credit derivatives due to the non-normality in probability distribution of credit risk. Various models have been developed for credit derivatives pricing. After having drawn the general picture for the credit derivatives, we have studied some recent pricing models in a Das (1999) framework, in this study. Also appended is a an attempt to a step forward for simulating the risk-free rates and spreads, to test how powerful simulation can be in modeling the credit risk and pricing of it. Moreover, with highly developed computer technology, it is possible to make sensitivity analysis under several scenarios, to form imaginary loan portfolios, find their risk exposures, and perform a successful risk management practice. COPYRIGHT MURAT ÇAKIR Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. All rights reserved. No part of this work 2 may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except formal use of reference to the author without the written permission thereof Acknowledgements I am deeply grateful to my supervisor Mr. -
Put/Call Parity
Execution * Research 141 W. Jackson Blvd. 1220A Chicago, IL 60604 Consulting * Asset Management The grain markets had an extremely volatile day today, and with the wheat market locked limit, many traders and customers have questions on how to figure out the futures price of the underlying commodities via the options market - Or the synthetic value of the futures. Below is an educational piece that should help brokers, traders, and customers find that synthetic value using the options markets. Any questions please do not hesitate to call us. Best Regards, Linn Group Management PUT/CALL PARITY Despite what sometimes seems like utter chaos and mayhem, options markets are in fact, orderly and uniform. There are some basic and easy to understand concepts that are essential to understanding the marketplace. The first and most important option concept is called put/call parity . This is simply the relationship between the underlying contract and the same strike, put and call. The formula is: Call price – put price + strike price = future price* Therefore, if one knows any two of the inputs, the third can be calculated. This triangular relationship is the cornerstone of understanding how options work and is true across the whole range of out of the money and in the money strikes. * To simplify the formula we have assumed no dividends, no early exercise, interest rate factors or liquidity issues. By then using this concept of put/call parity one can take the next step and create synthetic positions using options. For example, one could buy a put and sell a call with the same exercise price and expiration date which would be the synthetic equivalent of a short future position. -
An Introduction to the VIX Index and Volatility Instruments Alexander Ryvkin Pace University
Pace University DigitalCommons@Pace Honors College Theses Pforzheimer Honors College 2019 Volatility Products and their Uses: An Introduction to the VIX Index and Volatility Instruments Alexander Ryvkin Pace University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/honorscollege_theses Part of the Business Commons Recommended Citation Ryvkin, Alexander, "Volatility Products and their Uses: An Introduction to the VIX Index and Volatility Instruments" (2019). Honors College Theses. 230. https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/honorscollege_theses/230 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Pforzheimer Honors College at DigitalCommons@Pace. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Pace. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Volatility Products and Their Uses 1 Volatility Products and their Uses An Introduction to the VIX Index and Volatility Instruments Pace University, Lubin School of Business Pforzheimer Honors College Majoring in Finance Presenting May 9th, 2019 Graduating May 18th, 2019 Examiner: Andrew Coggins By Alexander Ryvkin Volatility Products and Their Uses 2 Volatility Products and Their Uses 3 Abstract Volatility instruments are complex investment products that can be used to hedge or speculate based on changes in market sentiment and fluctuations in the S&P 500. These products offer a unique approach to protecting one’s portfolio and making strategic bets on future market volatility. However, lack of understanding of these products can be potentially dangerous as they can change dramatically in value within extremely short time-frames. Investors must be wary of using these products improperly; failure to adequately assess the risk of using volatility products can deliver devastating losses to one’s portfolio. -
China After the Subprime Crisis
China After the Subprime Crisis 9780230_281967_01_prexviii.indd i 9/1/2010 3:41:25 PM Also by Chi Lo: ASIA AND THE SUBPRIME CRISIS: Lifting the Veil on the Financial Tsunami UNDERSTANDING CHINA’S GROWTH: Forces that Drive China’s Economic Future PHANTOM OF THE CHINA ECONOMIC THREAT: Shadow of the Next Asian Crisis THE MISUNDERSTOOD CHINA: Uncovering the Truth behind the Bamboo Curtain WHEN ASIA MEETS CHINA IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM: China’s Role in Shaping Asia’s Post-Crisis Economic Transformation 9780230_281967_01_prexviii.indd ii 9/1/2010 3:41:25 PM China After the Subprime Crisis Opportunities in the New Economic Landscape Chi Lo Chief Economist and Strategist for a Major Investment Management Company based in Hong Kong, China 9780230_281967_01_prexviii.indd iii 9/1/2010 3:41:25 PM © Chi Lo 2010 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2010 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. -
Order Execution and Placement Policy
Order Execution and Placement Policy Version Effective Date 1.2 30 April 2019 Contents Section 1. Introduction ............................................................................................. 3 1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Scope ....................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Specific client instructions ..................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Restricted counterparty requirements ................................................................................ 4 1.5 Trading outside a trading venue .......................................................................................... 4 1.6 Delegated portfolio management and execution .............................................................. 4 Section 2. Best Execution ......................................................................................... 6 Section 3. Execution Factor Evaluation ................................................................... 8 Section 4. The Execution Process ........................................................................... 10 4.1 Execution venues and trading venues ............................................................................... 10 4.2 Agency or principal ............................................................................................................. -
Impact Study on the Proposed Frameworks for Market Risk and CVA Risk
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Instructions: Impact study on the proposed frameworks for market risk and CVA risk July 2015 This publication is available on the BIS website (www.bis.org). © Bank for International Settlements 2015. All rights reserved. Brief excerpts may be reproduced or translated provided the source is stated. ISBN 978-92-9197-190-9 (print) ISBN 978-92-9197-191-6 (online) Contents 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 1.2 Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB).............................................................................................. 5 1.3 Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) ......................................................................................................................... 7 2. General Info ....................................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Panel A: General bank data ......................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Panel B: Breakdown of total accounting CVA and DVA ................................................................................. -
Implied Index and Option Pricing Errors: Evidence from the Taiwan Option Market
The International Journal of Business and Finance Research ♦ Volume 5 ♦ Number 2 ♦ 2011 IMPLIED INDEX AND OPTION PRICING ERRORS: EVIDENCE FROM THE TAIWAN OPTION MARKET Ching-Ping Wang, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences Hung-Hsi Huang, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Chien-Chia Hung, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology ABSTRACT This study examines both restricted and unrestricted Black-Sholes models, according to Longstaff (1995). Using the Taiwan index options for each day from January 2005 to December 2008, the unrestricted model simultaneously solves the implied index value and implied volatility whereas the restricted model only solves the implied volatility. Next, this study compares the pricing performance of restricted and unrestricted Black-Scholes models. The empirical results show he implied index value is almost higher than the actual index value. Moneyness has a significant negative impact on the index pricing error for calls but negative impact for puts. Open interest has a significantly negative impact on the index pricing error for calls. Volatility for calls has no significant effect on the index pricing error. The path-dependent effect on index pricing error increases with index returns. The unrestricted model has significantly less option pricing bias for calls than the restricted model. The option pricing error for calls in the restricted model has much larger negative bias near the middle maturity. The R-square in the restricted model is always much larger than the unrestricted model for both calls and puts. Finally, the option pricing errors are significantly affected by moneyness and time to expiration for all cases; this fact is consistent with Longstaff (1995). -
International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. Monday, 31St
ISDA® International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. One Bishops Square, GB - London E1 6AD, + 44 20 3088 3550 Monday, 31st August, 2009 Dear Sir/Madam, Please find below the response of the three associations mentioned above. Yours faithfully, Richard Metcalfe, Head of Policy, ISDA John Serocold, Director, LIBA Bertrand Huet, Managing Director, EU Legal & Regulatory Counsel, SIFMA ISDA represents participants in the privately negotiated derivatives industry and is among the world’s largest global financial trade associations, measured by number of member firms. Chartered in 1985, it has over 830 member institutions from 58 countries. Members include the world's major institutions that deal in privately negotiated derivatives, as well as many businesses, governmental entities and other end users that rely on over-the-counter derivatives to manage efficiently the financial market risks inherent in their core economic activities. Since its inception, ISDA has pioneered efforts to identify and reduce risk in the derivatives and risk management business. Among its most notable accomplishments are: developing the ISDA Master Agreement; publishing a wide range of documentation materials covering a variety of transaction types; producing legal opinions on the enforceability of netting and collateral arrangements; securing recognition of the risk-reducing effects of netting in determining capital requirements; promoting sound risk management practices; and advancing the understanding and treatment of derivatives and risk management from public policy and regulatory capital perspectives. www.isda.org The Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association brings together the shared interests of more than 600 securities firms, banks and asset managers. SIFMA’s mission is to promote policies and practices that work to expand and perfect markets, foster the development of new products and services and create efficiencies for member firms, while preserving and enhancing the public’s trust and confidence in the markets and the industry. -
Annual Report 2014
CDP - Bilancio2014_Cover-eng 8:Layout 1 25/06/15 16:37 Pagina 1 Cassa ANNUAL REPORT depositi Rome Milan Brussels e prestiti Via Goito, 4 Palazzo Busca Square de Meeûs, 37 00185 Rome Corso Magenta, 71 (7th floor) Italy 20123 Milan 1000 Bruxelles Tel +39 06 4221.1 Italy Belgium Tel +39 02 4674.4322 Tel +32 2 2131950 ANNUAL REPORT www.cdp.it 2014 (Translation from the Italian original) Contents 5 Introduction Role and mission of the CDP Group 6 Company Officers 12 Letter from the Chairman 16 Letter from the CEO 18 21 Report on operations of the Group 1. Overview of 2014 22 2. Macroeconomic scenario and the market 27 3. Composition of the CDP Group 36 4. Financial position and performance 48 5. Operating performance 66 6. Outlook 119 7. Corporate Governance 120 8. Relations of the Parent Company with the MEF 141 9. Proposed allocation of net income for the year 144 145 Allocation of net income for the year 149 Separate Financial Statements 327 Annexes 337 Report of the Board of Auditors 343 Report of the independent auditors 347 Certification of the separate financial statements pursuant to Article 154-bis of Legislative Decree 58/1998 351 Consolidated Financial Statements 621 Annexes 631 Report of the independent auditors 635 Certification of the consolidated financial statements pursuant to Article 154-bis of Legislative Decree 58/1998 Role and mission of the CDP Group PRESENTATION OF THE CDP GROUP The CDP Group (the “Group”) works to support growth in Italy. It employs its resources – mainly fund- ed through its management of postal savings (postal savings bonds and postal passbook savings ac- counts) – in accordance with its institutional mission, in its capacity as a: • leader financier of investments by the public administration; • catalyst for infrastructure development; • key player in supporting the Italian economy and business system. -
Options Trading
OPTIONS TRADING: THE HIDDEN REALITY RI$K DOCTOR GUIDE TO POSITION ADJUSTMENT AND HEDGING Charles M. Cottle ● OPTIONS: PERCEPTION AND DECEPTION and ● COULDA WOULDA SHOULDA revised and expanded www.RiskDoctor.com www.RiskIllustrated.com Chicago © Charles M. Cottle, 1996-2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be printed, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, emailed, uploaded in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that neither the author or the publisher is engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional service. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. From a Declaration of Principles jointly adopted by a Committee of the American Bar Association and a Committee of Publishers. Published by RiskDoctor, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cottle, Charles M. Adapted from: Options: Perception and Deception Position Dissection, Risk Analysis and Defensive Trading Strategies / Charles M. Cottle p. cm. ISBN 1-55738-907-1 ©1996 1. Options (Finance) 2. Risk Management 1. Title HG6024.A3C68 1996 332.63’228__dc20 96-11870 and Coulda Woulda Shoulda ©2001 Printed in the United States of America ISBN 0-9778691-72 First Edition: January 2006 To Sarah, JoJo, Austin and Mom Thanks again to Scott Snyder, Shelly Brown, Brian Schaer for the OptionVantage Software Graphics, Allan Wolff, Adam Frank, Tharma Rajenthiran, Ravindra Ramlakhan, Victor Brancale, Rudi Prenzlin, Roger Kilgore, PJ Scardino, Morgan Parker, Carl Knox and Sarah Williams the angel who revived the Appendix and Chapter 10.