DOCSLIB.ORG

150 Years of Ecology – Lessons for the Future

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
150 Years of Ecology – Lessons for the Future IMPRESSUM ISSN 0171-1113 Copyright © Gesellschaft für Ökologie, Marburg 2016 Publisher Gesellschaft für Ökologie e.V. (GfÖ) Institut für Ökologie, Technische Universität Berlin, Rothenburgerstr. 12, 12165 Berlin, Germany Series title Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Ökologie – Band 46 Editors Juliane Röder & Roland Brandl, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany Production Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany Cover design Eva Diehl, GfÖ Pressestelle, Gießen, Germany Print Görich & Weiershäuser, Druckerei und Verlag, Deutschhausstr. 42, 35037 Marburg, Germany The respective authors are responsible for the contents of this booklet. This book is also available for download as electronic document on the conference website (www.gfoe-2016.de). 150 years of Ecology – lessons for the future 46th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland Gesellschaft für Ökologie e.V. (GfÖ) Philipps-Universität Marburg, 05 – 09 September 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents Preface 7 Keynote lectures Susanne Fritz 13 Past, present and future macroecology and biogeography: 200 years of large-scale pattern and process in ecology and evolution Nathalie Pettorelli 14 Harnessing the potential of satellite remote sensing research in the face of global environmental change Christian Wirth 15 After the hype: A ‘reality check’ for trait-based functional biodiversity research Rien Aerts 16 The interaction between global change and ecosystem functioning Thomas Lewinsohn 17 Community structure across trophic interfaces Shahid Naeem 18 Who serves whom in Nature? Lessons from contemporary ecological approaches to linking ecosystem services to societal well-being. Public lecture Matthias Glaubrecht 21 Der Haeckel-Faktor. Oder: Wie Darwin und Wallace die Evolution entdeckten Abstracts 23 Session 1 - Frontiers of Macroecology Oral presentations 25 Poster presentations 40 Session 2 - Nature restoration and conservation Oral presentations 41 Poster presentations 54 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Session 3 - Integrating movement and biodiversity Oral presentations 62 Session 4 - Habitat fragmentation Oral presentations 71 Poster presentations 74 Session 5 - Remote sensing in ecology Oral presentations 76 Poster presentations 80 Session 6 - Science for Nature Conservation Oral presentations 85 Poster presentations 99 Session 7 - IPBES Oral presentations 108 Session 8 - Patterns and processes in wilderness development Oral presentations 112 Poster presentations 117 Session 9 - Local adaptation in plants Oral presentations 119 Poster presentations 129 Session 10 - Intra- versus interspecific variation of plant t Oral presentations 138 Poster presentations 149 Session 11 - Spatial patterns and ecological processes Oral presentations 152 Poster presentations 165 Session 12 - Spatial ecology and evolution Oral presentations 174 Poster presentations 177 Session 13 - Ecological genetic diversity Oral presentations 180 Poster presentations 185 Session 14 - Physiological plant ecology Oral presentations 188 Poster presentations 201 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Session 15 - Biotic homogenization of animal communities Oral presentations 208 Poster presentations 218 Session 16 - Stress ecology meets resilience research Oral presentations 222 Poster presentations 227 Session 17 - Forest ecology Oral presentations 228 Poster presentations 244 Session 18 - Water - from the leaf to the ecosystem Oral presentations 254 Poster presentations 262 Session 19 - Interactions and processes in novel communities Oral presentations 267 Poster presentations 279 Session 20 - Urban ecology Oral presentations 282 Poster presentations 289 Session 21 - Multitrophic interactions in terrestrial ecosyst Oral presentations 293 Poster presentations 307 Session 22 - Tree growth and multitrophy Oral presentations 317 Session 23 - Ecosystem services in cultural landscapes Oral presentations 322 Poster presentations 333 Session 24 - Biodiversity and ecosystem services in intensive Oral presentations 341 Poster presentations 352 Session 25 - Citizen Science in Ecology Oral presentations 358 Poster presentations 363 Session 26 - Envisioning multifunctional sustainable landscap Oral presentations 365 Poster presentations 372 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Session 27 - Social-ecological biodiversity research Oral presentations 374 Session 28 - Societal dimensions in ecological research Oral presentations 379 Session 29 - Observing nature Oral presentations 385 Poster presentations 390 Session 30 - Data visibility, access and fitness for use Oral presentations 393 Poster presentations 400 Index of Authors 404 4 Preface PREFACE Dear colleagues and friends, dear guests, I am happy to welcome you to the 46th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria & Switzerland (GfÖ) at the Philipps-Universität Marburg. After 2007, this is the second time that Marburg hosts the annual meeting of the GfÖ. Our university was founded in 1527 as the first Protestant academic institution worldwide. Presently, we host more than 25.000 students, 12% of whom have an international background. Most scientific disciplines, with the exception of the engineering sciences, are represented at the Philipps-Universität Marburg. They are organized in 21 faculties. The Faculty of Biology consists of ten departments, representing four broad research fields: (1) Ecology, Nature Conservation, Biodiversity; (2) Molecular Cell Biology and Plant Physiology; (3) Animal Development and Physiology; (4) Microbiology and Genetics. There are also close ties to the Faculty of Geography, members of which are also active in the scientific committee of our conference. The motto of this year’s meeting, “150 years of ecology - lessons for the future”, was inspired by an important anniversary. In 1866, Ernst Haeckel coined and defined the term “Oecologie” in the second volume of his treatise on the “Generelle Morphologie der Organismen”. He clearly envisaged the research protocol of ecology at the crossroads between physiology, phylogeny and biogeography. However, the anniversary of the term “Oecologie” is not the only important anniversary in 2016. As GfÖ president Volkmar Wolters pointed out to me, 2016 is also the 250th birthday of Thomas Robert Malthus. Although he was no ecologist - he worked on macroeconomics - his growth model inspired Darwin to develop his theory of speciation and therefore had a profound impact on ecology. These anniversaries show that current ecological research is based on achievements and insights gained well before computers and electronic data sources became available. I hope that our meeting will provide opportunity to look back on the development of ecology, reminding us that our work is being facilitated by the genius of our predecessors. I would like to thank the many people who have contributed to the successful organization of the meeting here in Marburg. First of all I would like to mention Juliane Röder, Dana Schabo and Martin Brändle who have been the core organizers of the meeting, together with Heike Kuhlmann. Furthermore, I would like to express my gratitude to the keynote speakers for providing us with a comprehensive framework concerning recent developments in ecological sciences as well as the chairs of the various sessions for suggesting inspiring topics and for organizing the sessions. 7 PREFACE Finally I would like to mention that Marburg is a lovely medieval city with many possibilities for sightseeing. Thus, we hope that the meeting in Marburg will offer a stimulating atmosphere not only for discussions during the conference, but also for personal exchange with colleagues whilst strolling through Marburg’s narrow streets. Roland Brandl Faculty of Biology Animal Ecology Philipps-Universität Marburg 8 PREFACE Dear friends and colleagues, I warmly welcome you to the 46th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria & Switzerland. It is being hosted by the University of Marburg – just nine years after hosting the 37th GfÖ Meeting. Our society is very grateful to all the local people involved for their willingness to accept again the enormous burden of organizing such a large and diverse conference. Our friends in Marburg have done a great job in designing an exciting and highly up-to-date program. Building on last year’s meeting in Göttingen “Ecology for a Sustainable Future”, our motto in 2016 is "150 Years of Ecology – Lessons for the Future". One and a half centuries after Ernst Haeckel created the term ‘Ökologie’, driven by the ideas of Darwin, ecology has become a rigorous science that can be proud of its achievements, but still faces enormous challenges. Rarely has Haeckel’s definition of ecology as the “Economy of Nature” been as timely as today – almost one year after the adaptation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by the United Nations. Of course, the objectives of our discipline go far beyond investigating the global environmental problems directly or indirectly caused by human beings. However, my remark in 2015 that sustainability will only be reached when the route to each individual SDG makes use of the best ecological knowledge available has lost nothing of its topicality. As a vital starting point for learning our lessons for the future, the meeting in Marburg will give us the chance to reflect upon the progress we have made in the past and – even more importantly – to identify the many unsolved scientific questions that still confront us. As the organizers
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Schadt, S., Revilla, E., Wiegand, T., Knauer, F., Kaczensky, P., Breitenmoser, U., Bufka, L., Cerveny, J., Koubek, P., Huber, T., Stanisa, C., and Trepl, L
    Schadt, S., Revilla, E., Wiegand, T., Knauer, F., Kaczensky, P., Breitenmoser, U., Bufka, L., Cerveny, J., Koubek, P., Huber, T., Stanisa, C., and Trepl, L. (2002). Assessing the suitability of central European landscape for the reintroduction of Eurasian lynx. J. appl. Ecol. 39: 189-203. Keywords: 8DE/connectivity/geographic information system/habitat fragmentation/habitat model/landscape/large-scale/logistic regression/Lynx lynx/Malme/reintroduction/spatial model Abstract: 1. After an absence of almost 100 years, the Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx is slowly recovering in Germany along the German-Czech border. Additionally, many reintroduction schemes have been discussed, albeit controversially, for various locations. We present a habitat suitability model for lynx in Germany as a basis for further management and conservation efforts aimed at recolonization and population development. 2. We developed a statistical habitat model using logistic regression to quantify the factors that describe lynx home ranges in a fragmented landscape. As no data were available for lynx distribution in Germany, we used data from the Swiss Jura Mountains for model development and validated the habitat model with telemetry data from the Czech Republic and Slovenia. We derived several variables describing land use and fragmentation, also introducing variables that described the connectivity of forested and non-forested semi-natural areas on a larger scale than the map resolution. 3. We obtained a model with only one significant variable that described the connectivity of forested and non-forested semi-natural areas on a scale of about 80 km2. This result is biologically meaningful, reflecting the absence of intensive human land use on the scale of an average female lynx home range.
    [Show full text]
  • Areas with High Hazard Potential for Autochthonous Transmission of Aedes Albopictus-Associated Arboviruses in Germany
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Areas with High Hazard Potential for Autochthonous Transmission of Aedes albopictus-Associated Arboviruses in Germany Stephanie Margarete Thomas 1,*,† ID , Nils Benjamin Tjaden 1,†, Christina Frank 2, Anja Jaeschke 1, Lukas Zipfel 1, Christiane Wagner-Wiening 3, Mirko Faber 2 ID , Carl Beierkuhnlein 1 and Klaus Stark 2 1 Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; [email protected] (N.B.T.); [email protected] (A.J.); [email protected] (L.Z.); [email protected] (C.B.) 2 Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] (C.F.); [email protected] (M.F.); [email protected] (K.S.) 3 Baden-Württemberg Health Authority, 70565 Stuttgart, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-921-55-2307 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 21 April 2018; Accepted: 12 June 2018; Published: 15 June 2018 Abstract: The intensity and extent of transmission of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus have increased markedly over the last decades. Autochthonous transmission of dengue and chikungunya by Aedes albopictus has been recorded in Southern Europe where the invasive mosquito was already established and viraemic travelers had imported the virus. Ae. albopictus populations are spreading northward into Germany. Here, we model the current and future climatically suitable regions for Ae. albopictus establishment in Germany, using climate data of spatially high resolution. To highlight areas where vectors and viraemic travellers are most likely to come into contact, reported dengue and chikungunya incidences are integrated at the county level.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dusky Large Blue – Maculinea Nausithous Kijevensis (Sheljuzhko, 1928) in the Transylvanian Basin: New Data on Taxonomy and Ecology
    Nota lepid. 33 (1): 16931 – – 37 175 31 The Dusky Large Blue – Maculinea nausithous kijevensis (Sheljuzhko, 1928) in the Transylvanian basin: New data on taxonomy and ecology LÁSZLÓ RÁKOSY 1, ANDRÁS TARTALLY 2, 3, MARIN GOIA 4, CIPRIAN MIHALI 1 & ZOLTÁN VARGA 2, 5 1 Department of Taxonomy and Ecology, Babes-Bolyai University, RO-3400, Str. Clinicilor 5 – 7, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2 Department of Evolutionary Zoology, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem-tér 1. Hungary 3 Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; tartally@delÀ n.unideb.hu 4 Alea Azuga Nr9/32, RO-400451, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 5 Hungary; [email protected], corresponding author Abstract. Maculinea nausithous (Bergsträsser, 1779) was recently discovered in two parts of the Tran- sylvanian basin. External characters of these populations completely agree with the original description of Maculinea nausithous kijevensis (Sheljuzhko, 1928) and show some small but constant differences against the Central European nominotypic populations. Since the habitats and host ant selection of these popula- tions are also different from the Central European populations, we consider M. nausithous kijevensis stat. rev. as valid subspeciÀ c taxon. Specimens with the same external characters were also collected in north- eastern Romania, in Kazakhstan and in the western part of the Altai Mts. Therefore we believe that this subspecies has a wider Euro-Siberian distribution. Introduction The Dusky Large Blue, Maculinea nausithous (Bergsträsser, 1779) 1, has a Euro- Siberian distribution with a wide but sporadic range from Western and Central Europe to Kazakhstan, Southern Siberia and Mongolia (Lukhtanov & Lukhtanov 1994; Tuzov 1997; Wynhoff 1998; Munguira & Martín 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Intensive Mowing Effect of One Patch on the Metapopulations of Two Phengaris Species*
    ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES INTENSIVE MOWING EFFECT OF ONE PATCH ON THE METAPOPULATIONS OF TWO PHENGARIS SPECIES* T. Bubová, M. Kulma, D. Koleška, V. Vrabec Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Prague, Czech Republic In the second half of the 20th century, change of land use in the name of intensive agriculture was one of the most important factors caused significant loss of butterfly diversity in Europe. Phengaris nausithous and Phengaris teleius belong among the flagship species associated with wet meadows and are directly threatened by the intensive agriculture practises or management abandonment. Due to their very specific lifecycle, they are closely linked to their habitats and appropriate mowing manage- ment on their patches is thus crucial for their survival. Our research took place in Dolní Labe, Děčín, Czech Republic, on 16 patches and has been performed using Mark-Release-Recapture since 2009. This paper will illustrate how intensive mow- ing management, applied on only one of the patches, which forms only 9.4% of total locality size, can influence the entire local Phengaris metapopulation. The selected patch was intentionally mowed in the middle of flight season annually for four years. Even though, no significant effect was identified after the first year of study, after the second and third seasons, there was evidence of population decline of both studied species. Mark-Release-Recapture, land use management, Lepidoptera, conservation doi: 10.2478/sab-2018-0027 Received for publication on September 13, 2017 Accepted for publication on December 17, 2017 INTRODUCTION primarily due to patch destructions or other irrevers- ible changes performed on these meadows (S a l a et Cultural landscape and agricultural lands are histori- al., 2000; S u t c l i f f e et al., 2015).
    [Show full text]
  • At Home on Foreign Meadows: the Reintroduction of Two Maculineae Butterfly Species
    At Home onForeign Meadows: theReintroduction oftwo Maculinea ButterflySpecies CENTRALE LANDBOUWCATALOGUS 0000 0872 4219 Promotores: Prof. Dr. H.H.T.Prin s Hoogleraar in het Natuurbeheer ind eTrope ne n Ecologieva n Vertebraten Wageningen Universiteit Prof.Dr . P.M.Brakefiel d Hoogleraar Evolutiebiologie Universiteit Leiden Promotie commissie: Prof. Dr. L.E.M.Ve t Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr. J.M.va nGroenendae l Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen Dr.J.A . Thomas NERC Centre of Ecology and Hydrology, England Dr. M.M. Kwak Rijksuniversiteit Groningen y; VX.JO27XV ,3o -> yAfHom e onForeign Meadows: theReintroduction oftwo Maculinea ButterflySpecies Irmgard Wynhoff Proefschrift ter verkrijging van degraa dva n doctor opgeza g van de rector magnificusva nWageninge n Universiteit Prof. Dr. Ir. L. Speelman, in hetopenbaa r te verdedigen opvrijda g 5oktobe r 2001 des namiddagst evie r uur ind eAul a Abstract Wynhoff, I.,2001 . At Home on Foreign Meadows:th e Reintroduction oftw o MaculineaButterfl y species. Doctoral Thesis. ISBN90-5808-461-2 . Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands. Maculinea butterflies live asobligat e parasites of specific Myrmica hostant s in meadow and heathland habitat maintained by low intensity landuse.Change s in agriculture causedth edeclin e and extinction of many populations. InTh e Netherlands, Maculinea nausithousan d M.te/e/t/s disappeare d inth e 1970s.I n 1990,the ywer e reintroduced following the recommendations ofth e IUCN.Thi s study focuses onth eevaluatio n ofthi s reintroduction intoth e nature reserve Moerputten inth e province of Northern Brabant. Population establishment and dispersalwer e monitoredan daccompanie d by researcho nth e impact ofth e reintroduction onspecies-specifi c genetic composition and behaviour.Maculinea teleiusimmediatel y established itself onon e meadow, where the population still occurs today.
    [Show full text]
  • UAS Imagery-Based Mapping of Coarse Wood Debris in a Natural Deciduous Forest in Central Germany (Hainich National Park)
    remote sensing Article UAS Imagery-Based Mapping of Coarse Wood Debris in a Natural Deciduous Forest in Central Germany (Hainich National Park) Christian Thiel 1,* , Marlin M. Mueller 1 , Lea Epple 2, Christian Thau 3, Sören Hese 3, Michael Voltersen 4 and Andreas Henkel 5 1 German Aerospace Center, Institute of Data Science, Maelzerstraße 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; [email protected] 2 Department for Earth Observation, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Loebdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany; [email protected] 3 Department for Physical Geography, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Loebdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany; [email protected] (C.T.); [email protected] (S.H.) 4 TAMA Group GmbH, Lochhamer Str. 1, 82166 Gräfelfing, Germany; [email protected] 5 Administration of Hainich National Park, Nature Protection and Research, Bei der Marktkirche 9, 99947 Bad Langensalza, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 11 September 2020; Accepted: 6 October 2020; Published: 10 October 2020 Abstract: Dead wood such as coarse dead wood debris (CWD) is an important component in natural forests since it increases the diversity of plants, fungi, and animals. It serves as habitat, provides nutrients and is conducive to forest regeneration, ecosystem stabilization and soil protection. In commercially operated forests, dead wood is often unwanted as it can act as an originator of calamities. Accordingly, efficient CWD monitoring approaches are needed. However, due to the small size of CWD objects satellite data-based approaches cannot be used to gather the needed information and conventional ground-based methods are expensive. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are becoming increasingly important in the forestry sector since structural and spectral features of forest stands can be extracted from the high geometric resolution data they produce.
    [Show full text]
  • The Present Status of the River Rhine with Special Emphasis on Fisheries Development
    121 THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE RIVER RHINE WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT T. Brenner 1 A.D. Buijse2 M. Lauff3 J.F. Luquet4 E. Staub5 1 Ministry of Environment and Forestry Rheinland-Pfalz, P.O. Box 3160, D-55021 Mainz, Germany 2 Institute for Inland Water Management and Waste Water Treatment RIZA, P.O. Box 17, NL 8200 AA Lelystad, The Netherlands 3 Administrations des Eaux et Forets, Boite Postale 2513, L 1025 Luxembourg 4 Conseil Supérieur de la Peche, 23, Rue des Garennes, F 57155 Marly, France 5 Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, CH 3003 Bern, Switzerland ABSTRACT The Rhine basin (1 320 km, 225 000 km2) is shared by nine countries (Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, France, Luxemburg, Belgium and the Netherlands) with a population of about 54 million people and provides drinking water to 20 million of them. The Rhine is navigable from the North Sea up to Basel in Switzerland Key words: Rhine, restoration, aquatic biodiversity, fish and is one of the most important international migration waterways in the world. 122 The present status of the river Rhine Floodplains were reclaimed as early as the and groundwater protection. Possibilities for the Middle Ages and in the eighteenth and nineteenth cen- restoration of the River Rhine are limited by the multi- tury the channel of the Rhine had been subjected to purpose use of the river for shipping, hydropower, drastic changes to improve navigation as well as the drinking water and agriculture. Further recovery is discharge of water, ice and sediment. From 1945 until hampered by the numerous hydropower stations that the early 1970s water pollution due to domestic and interfere with downstream fish migration, the poor industrial wastewater increased dramatically.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Diversity of the Kellerwald-Edersee National Park – Indicator Species of Nature Value and Conservation
    Nova Hedwigia Vol. 99 (2014) Issue 1–2, 129–144 Article Cpublished online May 15, 2014; published in print August 2014 Fungal diversity of the Kellerwald-Edersee National Park – indicator species of nature value and conservation Ewald Langer1*, Gitta Langer2, Manuel Striegel1, Janett Riebesehl1 and Alexander Ordynets1 1 University Kassel, FB 10, Dept. Ecology, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany 2 Norwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Grätzelstr. 2, D-37079 Göttingen, Germany With 2 figures and 1 table Abstract: The UNESCO World Natural Heritage national park Kellerwald-Edersee in Germany was investigated during 10 years for its macromycetes. 613 species have been recorded totally. 31 threatened species are listed on the German red list of fungi. 27 species of interest according to the criteria of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), 10 species with nature value on a German scale and 5 species of nature value on a European scope have been detected. Compared to other national parks included in the UNESCO World Natural Heritage "Ancient Beech Forests of Germany" and the "Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians" the Kellerwald-Edersee National Park has fewer tree species on poor soils thus exhibiting lower species numbers. Based on old tree stands and relict primeval forest fragments the forest ecosystem of the Kellerwald-Edersee National Park will develop to near naturalness within a few decades. Key words: diversity, fungi, macromycetes, indicator species, beech forest, Kellerwald-Edersee national park, UNESCO World Natural Heritage. Introduction The Kellerwald-Edersee National Park (Germany, Hesse) is a part of the UNESCO World Natural Heritage "Ancient Beech Forests of Germany" inscribed on June 25th, 2011 (UNESCO 2013) as an completion of the "Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians", inscribed in 2007.
    [Show full text]
  • German Beech Forests – UNESCO World Natural Heritage
    German Beech Forests – UNESCO World Natural Heritage Protecting a unique ecosystem German Beech Forests – UNESCO World Natural Heritage Publication details Published by Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) Division P II 2 · 11055 Berlin · Germany Email: [email protected] · Website: www.bmu.de/english Edited by BMU, Division N I 4 Design PROFORMA GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin Printed by Druck- und Verlagshaus Zarbock GmbH & Co. KG, Frankfurt am Main Picture credits See page 39. Date August 2019 First print run 2.000 copies (printed on recycled paper) Where to order this publication Publikationsversand der Bundesregierung Postfach 48 10 09 · 18132 Rostock · Germany Telephone: +49 30 / 18 272 272 1 · Fax: +49 30 / 18 10 272 272 1 Email: [email protected] Website: www.bmu.de/en/publications Notice This publication of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety is distributed free of charge. It is not intended for sale and may not be used to canvass support for political parties or groups. Further information can be found at www.bmu.de/en/publications 2 German Beech Forests – UNESCO World Natural Heritage German Beech Forests – UNESCO World Natural Heritage Protecting a unique ecosystem 3 German Beech Forests – UNESCO World Natural Heritage Table of contents The Ancient Beech Forests of Germany 6 Jasmund National Park (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania) 8 Müritz National Park (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania) 11 Grumsin in the Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere
    [Show full text]
  • View a Copy of This Licence, Visit
    Plazio et al. Movement Ecology (2020) 8:50 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-020-00234-6 RESEARCH Open Access Sex-biased topography effects on butterfly dispersal Elisa Plazio1* , Terezie Bubová2, Vladimír Vrabec2 and Piotr Nowicki1 Abstract Background: Metapopulation persistence in fragmented landscapes is assured by dispersal of individuals between local populations. In this scenario the landscape topography, although usually neglected, may have an important role in shaping dispersal throughout the matrix separating habitat patches. Due to inter-sexualdifferencesinoptimalreproductive strategies, i.e., males maximizing the number of mating opportunities and females maximizing the offspring survival chances, topography-related constraints are expected to exert a different effect on male and female dispersal behaviour. We tested sex-biased topography effects on butterfly dispersal, with the following hypotheses: (1) females are constrained by topography in their movements and avoid hill crossing; (2) male dispersal is primarily driven by two-dimensional spatial structure of the habitat patches (i.e. their geometric locations and sizes) and little influenced by topography. Methods: Following intensive mark-recapture surveys of Maculinea (= Phengaris) nausithous and M. teleius within a landscape characterised by an alternation of hills and valleys, we investigated sex-specific patterns in their inter-patch movement probabilities derived with a multi-state recapture model. In particular, we (1) analysed the fit of dispersal kernels based on Euclidean (= straight line) vs. topography-based (= through valley) distances; (2) compared movement probabilities for the pairs of patches separated or not by topographic barriers; and (3) tested the differences in the downward and upward movement probabilities within the pairs of patches.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    BULGARIA Nick Greatorex-Davies. European Butterflies Group Contact ([email protected]) Local Contact Prof. Stoyan Beshkov. ([email protected]) National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Sofia, Butterfly Conservation Europe Partner Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Stanislav Abadjiev compiled and collated butterfly records for the whole of Bulgaria and published a Local Recording Scheme distribution atlas in 2001 (see below). Records are still being gathered and can be sent to Stoyan Beshkov at NMNH, Sofia. Butterfly List See Butterflies of Bulgaria website (Details below) Introduction Bulgaria is situated in eastern Europe with its eastern border running along the Black Sea coast. It is separated from Romania for much of its northern border by the River Danube. It shares its western border with Serbia and Macedonia, and its southern border with Greece and Turkey. Bulgaria has a land area of almost 111,000 sq km (smaller than England but bigger than Scotland) and a declining human population of 7.15 million (as of 2015), 1.5 million of which live in the capital city, Sofia. It is very varied in both climate, topography and habitats. Substantial parts of the country are mountainous, particularly in the west, south-west and central ‘spine’ of the country and has the highest mountain in the Balkan Mountains (Musala peak in the Rila Mountains, 2925m) (Map 1). Almost 70% of the land area is above 200m and over 27% above 600m. About 40% of the country is forested and this is likely to increase through natural regeneration due to the abandonment of agricultural land. Following nearly 500 years under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria was independent for just a few years from 1908 before coming under the domination of the soviet communist regime in 1946.
    [Show full text]
  • Novelty and Emergent Patterns in Sperm: Morphological
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/809863; this version posted October 21, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Gomez 1 1 Novelty and emergent patterns in sperm: morphological diversity and evolution 2 of spermatozoa and sperm conjugation in ground beetles (Coleoptera: 3 Carabidae) 4 Running title: Diversity and evolution of ground beetle sperm 5 R. Antonio Gomez* & David R. Maddison 6 Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, 7 Corvallis, OR 97333 8 *email of corresponding author: [email protected] 9 10 1. Abstract 11 The beetle family Carabidae, with about 40,000 species, exhibits enough 12 diversity in sperm structure and behavior to be an excellent model system for 13 studying patterns and processes of sperm evolution. We explore their potential, 14 documenting sperm form in 177 species of ground beetles and collecting data on 1 15 qualitative and 7 quantitative sperm phenotypic traits. Our sampling captures 61% of 16 the tribal-level diversity of ground beetles. These data highlight the notable 17 morphological diversity of sperm in ground beetles and suggest that sperm in the 18 group have dynamic evolutionary histories with much morphological innovation and 19 convergence. Sperm vary among species in total length from 48–3,400μm and in 20 length and width of the sperm head. Most ground beetles make filamentous sperm 21 with visually indistinct heads, but some or all studied members of the genus 22 Omophron, genus Trachypachus, and tribe Dyschiriini make broad-headed sperm that 23 show morphological differences between species.
    [Show full text]