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Tropic Level and Water Quality Status of the Morosari Coastal Waters, Demak Regency - Central Java

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Tropic Level and Water Quality Status of the Morosari Coastal Waters, Demak Regency - Central Java International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences ISSN 0973-6077 Volume 14, Number 2 (2019), pp. 161-170 © Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Tropic Level and Water Quality Status of the Morosari Coastal Waters, Demak Regency - Central Java Frida Purwanti1*, Niniek Widyorini1, Abdul Ghofar1 1Departement of Aquatic Resources, Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, UNDIP Jl. Prof. Sudarto SH, Semarang, Indonesia - 50275 *corresponding author: Abstract Morosari coast has been developed as a mangrove tourism area. As part of the Semarang’ gulf at the northern Java Sea has experienced to be the worst pollution in Central Java because of untreated domestic and industrial effluents. Water pollution could impact on resources quality, community health, and environmental aesthetic. The research aims to determine the trophic level and water quality status of the Morosari coastal waters for recreational purpose. The research was conducted for six months from May to November 2018 at the Morosari coastal waters, Sayung sub-district, Demak regency. The main water quality parameters include BOD, DO, ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, total Coliform, and chlorophyll-a. Water sampling was conducted from five sampling points with three replications on every week. The TSI Carlson and STORET method were used to determine the trophic level and water quality status of the coastal waters. The research found that the tropic state was in eutrophic level whereas water quality status of the Morosari coastal waters was in heavy polluted (D class) in which a few main parameters beyond the standard value of the environmental minister decree number 51/2004 for recreational purpose Keywords: standard value, pollution, recreation, Morosari coast 162 Frida Purwanti, Niniek Widyorini, Abdul Ghofar INTRODUCTION The Morosari coast as part of the Semarang gulf at the North Java Sea has experienced to be the worst pollution in Central Java because of industrial, agriculture and domestic effluents. The Central Java government through environmental board concern that major cause of coastal pollution is from the sea and terrestrial effluents. As hydrodynamic process in the sea has impact on abrasion of the Morodemak coast[1] Some research had been conducted in the Morosari encompass Ichtyofauna composition [2]; zooplankton and phytoplankton community structure [3, 4], Chlorophyll-a variability [5]; phosphate and Nitrate distribution [6], NO3, PO4 and phytoplankton concentration [7], TSS distribution [8], total Coliform abundance [9, 10] as well as heavy metal distribution [10] The Indonesia government regulation Nomor 82/2001 concerning water quality management and water pollution control [11]; the environmental minister decrees Nomor 115/ 2003 about Guideline for water quality status determination [12] and the environmental minister decrees Nomor 51 year 2004 about marine water quality standard [13] are used as a basic to determine “water quality status of the Morosari coast, Demak for recreational purpose”. As the coast has estuary and been used for many purposes, so it susceptible to get anthropogenic pressures; therefore determination of water quality status and pollution load capacity are important to be analyzed for sustainable used of the coastal resources. The research aims to define tropic state using Carlson index and to determine water quality status using STORET method based on standard for marine recreation purpose. METHODS Research location The study was conducted for six months, from May to November 2018 in the coastal waters of Morosari, Demak. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to collect data. Survey was conducted to obtain and to seek factual information as well as to see the relationship between variables to generalizing and testing the theory, in which observed objects developed without be manipulated by researcher [14]. Data Collection Data collected within five sampling points in every week with two replications using a systematic sampling method from the tourism area at estuary toward the sea (see Fig. 1). The water samples collected from each station were stored in a cool-box at Tropic Level and Water Quality Status of the Morosari Coastal Waters… 163 4oC and be brought to the laboratory for analyzing the water quality parameters. Figure1.Sampling station points The main parameters include BOD, DO, ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, total Coliform and Chlorophyll-a were measured from the sampling points using 500 ml sterile bottle sample at 1 m depth passively; whereas supporting parameter include water temperature, pH, salinity, visibility, depth and water currents were measured in-situ using portable water quality checker tools. Total Coliform as a pathogen organism was used to indicate water pollution using MPN method [17] Data Analysis The tropic state classification determined by tropic state index (TSI) and is calculated from three interrelated variables i.e. Secchi disk depth (SD), total phosphate (TP) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl) using Carlson formula [15] : TSI (SD) = 60 – 14.41 ln (SD) TSI (TP) = 4.15 + 14.42 ln (TP) (1) TSI (Chl) = 30.6 + 9.81 ln (Chl) 164 Frida Purwanti, Niniek Widyorini, Abdul Ghofar Table 1. Tropic State Index and its Associated Parameters [16] No Trophy state TSI value SD (m) TP (µg/l) Chl (µg/l) 1 Oligotrophic <40 > 4 < 12 < 2.6 2 Mesotrophic 40 - 50 2 - 4 12 - 24 2.6 – 20 3 Eutrophic 50 -70 0.5 - 2 24 - 96 20 – 56 4 Hypereutrophic >70 < 0.5 > 96 > 56 The water quality status on parameters of physic, chemistry and biological were determined and analyzed using STORET method. Each parameter measured by its’ minimum, maximum and average values compared to the standard value on the Environmental ministry decree Nomor 115/2003. If the observed data meet the standard value is given a zero score, and another otherwise (see Table 2). The water quality status classify by its total score (see Table 3). Table 2. Scoring Water Quality Status - STORET Method [11] Number of Parameter Score Score parameter Physic Chemical Biology < 10 Maximum -1 -2 -3 Minimum -1 -2 -3 Average -3 -6 -9 Table 3. Classification of Water Quality Status [11] Total Score Class Quality score Status 0 A 4 Excellent -1 to -10 B 3 Good -11 to -30 C 2 Moderate < -30 D 1 Bad RESULT AND DISCUSSION Description of the Morosari Coast The Morosari coast geographically located in coordinate of 06o55’23.3”S and 110o28’36”E, with area of 7869 ha and administratively located in the Bedono village, Sayung sub-district, Demak regency, Central Java province. The Sayung sub-district comprised of 16 villages in which three villages (Bedono, Timbulsloko and Surodadi) are coastal villages [18]. Tropic Level and Water Quality Status of the Morosari Coastal Waters… 165 The coast has a low-lying area with a shallow depth and has been developed as mangrove conservation area since 2006 that attract tourist. The Morosari is located in the rivers’ mouth of Pandansari and Morosari that has been degraded and experienced for tidal flood. Therefore potential of tourism development facing environmental problems as abrasion occurs in the villages and has resulted in permanent inundation of the Senik and Tambaksari villages. Characteristic of water quality in the coast is presented in Table 4. Based on the Environmental Minister Decree Nomor 115/2003, parameter of DO, nitrate and phosphate have exceed the quality standard, even for the water visibility was far of the standard for recreation use (> 600cm), since muddy substrate of the estuary make it more turbid waters. Table 4. Water Quality Characteristics of the Morosari Coast, Demak 2018 Variables Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 Station 5 Temperature (oC) 28 - 30 28 - 31 28 – 31 27 – 31 28 - 31 Visibility (cm) 28 - 37 20 - 27 35 – 41 37 – 43 38 – 47 Depth (cm) 56- 62 48 - 56 70 – 83 80 – 97 120 - 134 Current (m/s) 0.12 - 1.11 0.1 - 0.21 0.08 - 0.25 0.07 - 0.29 0.05 - 0.29 pH 6 - 8 6 - 8 7 – 8 7 – 8 6 - 8 o Salinity ( /oo) 20 - 32 31-34 33 – 34 32 – 34 33 - 35 DO (mg/l) 3.57 - 4.24 3.08 - 7.2 3.4 - 6.8 3.27 - 6.25 2.65 - 7.2 BOD5 (mg/l) 0.7 - 2.6 1 - 2.8 1.6 - 3.8 1.67 - 3.2 0.9 - 4.4 Nitrate (mg/l) 3.99 - 7.97 4.43 - 6.2 4.43 - 5.76 4.43 - 6.64 4.43 - 7.09 Phosphate (mg/l) 0.43 - 0.44 0.23 - 0.30 0.39-0.47 0.38 - 0.39 0.25 - 0.28 Chlorophyll-a (µg/l) 1.09 - 1.46 0.88 - 1.06 2.08 - 2.38 1.72 - 2.49 2.48 -3.12 Total Coliform 2 - 7900 2 - 540 5 – 2350 2 – 350 2 - 10 (MPN/100ml) Coliform as water quality bioindicator from fecal could decrease the coastal water quality as many people have activities in the river and just discharge their untreated domestic waste [9, 19]. Increasing salinity has also influence the Coliform abundance in estuary [20, 21]. Total Coliform abundance in the coast is vary from 2 to 7900 MPN/100ml, only at station 1 as tourism destination appeal to exceed the standard for recreation use (1000 MPN/100ml). Therefore only passive recreation activities could be conducted in location. 166 Frida Purwanti, Niniek Widyorini, Abdul Ghofar Tropic State Index of the Morosari Coastal Waters The research found that TSI show a relative homogeneous value in all stations (65.10 to 67.95), so be classified as eutrophic waters (see Table 5). It is means that Morosari coast be considered have high productivity and reasonable to support healthy habitat, therefore some marine culture could be found there. As research of [5] concluded that Morosari waters have net primary productivity influenced by nutrient trap and decomposition of mangrove vegetation as well as domestic waste.
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