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INFORMATION TO 1,U.URS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UM I films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UM I a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize mat (‘rials (e.g.. maps, drawings, charts) art1 re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections w ith small overlaps. Kach oversize page is available as one exposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy, 35 mm slides or 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact U M I directly to order. * •W ■C , k '■■■, i ■■■ in, i it 'i ■II I' 1 r t ■ K. i: ! A — A 'I . ■' - l A V :i Order Number 8726713 Tin' political radicnliznt ion of Cuhnu youth in exile: A study of identity change in hicnltnral context Quint an ales. Mirth a Natacha, Ph.D. The <biK> St ate t huv-rsity, T'rtV ’opycifdit r 11)87 bv Cp i i 111 a nates, M irtha Nataolm. All rights reserved UMI *00 N. /coll Rd. Ana A itw , M I 4K106 THE POLITICAL RADICALIZATICN OF CUBAN YOUTH IN EXILE: A STUDY OF IDENTITY CHANGE IN BICULTURAL CONTEXT DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillm ent of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy In the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Mirtha Natacha Quintanales, B A , M A. The Ohio State University 1987 Reading Committee Approved By Dr Erika Bourguignon Dr Vert a Taylor Dr. John Messenger, Jr _______ Adviser Department of Anthropology Copyright by Mirtha Natacha Quintanales 1987 To my adviser, Erika Bourguignon, my father, Cecil Quintanales, and my mother, Mirth* L*;ia Font de Quintanales ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i would like to express my deep appreciation to my adviser. Dr Erika Bourguignon for her guidance, encouragement and support. My thanks also go to the other members of my dissertation committee, Drs. Vert a Taylor and John Messenger J r, for their comments, suggestions and encouragement The Picayo and Rivera fam ilies of New York City, New York; San Juan, Puerto Rico, and St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, made it possible for me to conduct certain aspects of the research which required travel and to take several much needed vacations. To them I would like to express my sincere gratitude Stephanie Spears is thanked for her hospitality No words could express my gratitude to my friends and colleagues, Sonia Rivera-Valdes and Lisa L. Ransdell, for their help with all aspects of this research and for their unshakable faith in me. Preliminary research for this dissertation was supported by a grant from the Center for Womens Studies at The Ohio State University and by The Graduate Scholarship in Women's Studies of the Pergamon Press-National Women s Studies Association. ill VITA November 28, 1 9 4........................................... 8 Bom - Havana, Cuba Naturalized US Citizen - 1969 1972-1976 ............................. ...........................Coordinator, Family Health Clinic, Augustana Hospital, Chicago, Illinois 1975 ...................................................................... B A , Anthropology, University of Illinois at Chicago Circle 1978 ...................................................................... M A , Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1979-196 0 ........................................................... Graduate Research Associate, Center for Women s Studies, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 19 80-198 1............................................................ Instructor, Women's Studies Program, Sen Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 1981-198 7 ............................................................ Translator, bilingual editor and consultant (English/ Spanish), free lance 1982-198 3...............................................................Instructor, Women s Studies Program; Program Coordinator, The Women s Center, Consultant, 1984 New Yort: State women s Studies Conference, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 19 8 3 -198 4 ..............................................................Co-coordinator, The Autonomous Institute of the 1984 National Women s Studies Association Conference, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey FIELDS OF STUDY The Caribbean. Dr Erika Bourguignon Social Movements Dr. Verta Taylor Political Anthropology Dr Daniel Hughes AWARDS The Ohio State University Women s Studies Research Grant, 1982 Pergamon Press-National Women's Studies Association Graduate Scholarship In Women's Studies, 1983 v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DEDICATION.........................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii VITA.................................... iv Chapter I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................ 1 Background .........................................................................................2 II. THE PROBLEM OF CUBAN RADICALIZED YOUTH.................................. 7 Research Questions............................................................ 17 III. METHODS............................................................................................... 20 Description of the Study..............................................................20 Interviews.......................................................................................2 4 The Activists...............................................................................24 Non-Activists ..................... 26 Interviews in Cuba..................................................................... 27 Participant Observation ........................................................... 21 vl On Being a Native and the Question of Bias ......................... 29 Movement Documents................................................................. 32 IV THEORETICAL BACKGROUND/REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 33 immigrant Children................................................................... 33 Infants .................................. 39 School-Age Children...................................................................40 Adolescents..................................................................................45 The Political Socialization of Vouth and the Question of Political Generations......................................... 50 Identity, Behavior and Socio-Cultural Change 56 The Identity-Health Model......................................................... 58 The Identity-lnteraction Model................................................ 59 The Identity W orld-View Model................................................60 Identity Constituents............................................................... £1 Identity Dimensions.................................................................. B3 Identity Processes In Culture................................................. 66 V CUBAN MIGRATION AND ADJUSTMENT TO THE HOST COUNTRY .73 Cuban Migration Before 1959 ..................................................91 Post-1959 Migration ................................................................. 94 The Refugees.............................................................................. 101 The Politics of Exile................................................................ 102 The Cuban Americans: Demographic Characteristics 107 Geographic Distribution and Residence...............................108 Age and Sex Composition...................................................109 F e rtility.................................................................................110 vil Family Structure and Marital Status ............................. 111 Education ............................................................................. 112 Labor Force Participation and Employment ..................113 Acculturation and Assimilation ...........................................118 The General Population...................................................... 118 Cuban Immigrant Youth ......................................... 125 VI THE PROCESS OF POLITICAL RADICALIZATION......................... 141 On Commitment and the Process of Radicalization 141 Radicals and Non-Radicals .................................................156 The Process of Political Radicalization: Major Themes and P attern s 167 The New Men and Women............ ............................................178 The New Cuban Woman in E x ile........................................ 182 The New Cuban Man in E x ile..............................................224 The New Man and Woman in Cuba ..................................J252 The Stages, Tasks and Paths of Change .............................. 257 Tasks and Paths .................................................................257 The Dynamic of Loss and the Stages of Change .262 Other Differences ....................................................... 285 Date of Migration ........................................................

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